2020 Federal Circuit US Court of Appeals Case Law
Opinions 501 - 798 of 798
Date: May 6, 2020
Docket Number: 20-1261
Justia Opinion Summary: The Patent Trial and Appeal Board instituted inter partes review of Caterpillar’s patent and issued its final written decision on November 13, 2019. Caterpillar appealed, then moved to vacate and remand for a new hearing…
Date: May 6, 2020
Docket Number: 20-1321
Date: May 5, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1164
Justia Opinion Summary: X One’s patent describes a “Buddy Watch application” that allows a mobile device user to add other mobile device users to her “Buddy List.” A user may set up “instant buddies.” For example, a stranded motorist may wish…
Date: May 5, 2020
Docket Number: 19-2117
Justia Opinion Summary: Oyster sued, alleging that Ciena infringed several patents. Ciena petitioned the Patent Trial and Appeal Board for inter partes review of the asserted patents. The district court stayed the litigation. The Board…
Date: May 1, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1531
Justia Opinion Summary: Buffkin, a former teacher in the Department of Defense (DoD) school for the children of military personnel, challenged her termination. The collective bargaining agreement process for contesting adverse employment…
Date: May 1, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1884
Justia Opinion Summary: Hitkansut owns the patent, entitled “Methods and Apparatus for Stress Relief Using Multiple Energy Sources.” While the application that later issued as that patent was pending, Hitkansut entered into a non-disclosure…
Date: April 30, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1063
Justia Opinion Summary: Oren’s patent covers a system for storing and discharging proppant—a material, such as sand or other particulates, that prevents ground fractures from closing during hydraulic fracturing. Oren sued Grit for infringement,…
Date: April 30, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1370
Date: April 30, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1413
Date: April 30, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1594
Date: April 30, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1835
Justia Opinion Summary: Uniloc’s patent is directed to a communication system comprising a primary station (base station) and at least one secondary station (computer mouse or keyboard). In conventional systems, such as Bluetooth networks, two…
Date: April 29, 2020
Docket Number: 19-2406
Justia Opinion Summary: Walby was born in Michigan, and, in 2014-2018, lived and worked in Michigan. For the 2014 taxable year, Walby’s employer, Baker, withheld $9,751.60 in federal income taxes. In 2015, Walby claimed exemption from all…
Date: April 24, 2020
Docket Number: 19-2301
Justia Opinion Summary: In 1989, Rudy originally filed the 360 application, entitled “Eyeless, Knotless, Colorable and/or Translucent/Transparent Fishing Hooks with Associatable Apparatus and Methods.” Its lengthy prosecution included numerous…
Date: April 23, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2273
Justia Opinion Summary: Apotex filed a petition for inter partes review of Novartis’s patent. The Board instituted proceedings and granted Sun, Teva, Actavis, and Argentum (with Apotex, the petitioners) joinder. The Board concluded that the…
Date: April 23, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1124
Justia Opinion Summary: GMI is the parent corporation of several partners of General Mills, an LLC that is treated as a partnership for tax purposes (the Partnership). GMI alleges that after certain partnership-level audits of the Partnership’s…
Date: April 22, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2132
Justia Opinion Summary: GIP purchased property from a steel mill’s bankruptcy estate, omitting the “Eastern Excluded Property” (EEP). GIP purchased some personal property located on the EEP, which contains two piles comprising slag (a steel…
Date: April 22, 2020
Docket Number: 19-2054
Justia Opinion Summary: Truckai and his NovaCept team developed NovaSure, which was FDA-approved to detect perforations in the uterus. NovaCept incorporates the 183 and 348 patents, which list Truckai as an inventor. Truckai assigned to…
Date: April 21, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1283
Justia Opinion Summary: Dragon sued 10 defendants, alleging patent infringement. Based on petitions by DISH and SXM (collectively, “DISH”), the Board instituted inter partes review (IPR) of the patent. The district court stayed proceedings as…
Date: April 21, 2020
Docket Number: 20-1373
Justia Opinion Summary: Biogen holds the New Drug Application for the active ingredient dimethyl fumarate (DMF), which was FDA-approved in 2013 as Tecfidera®, a twice-daily pill for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis at a…
Date: April 20, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1532
Justia Opinion Summary: Attorney Ravin represented veteran Cook on a claim for past-due disability benefits. Their agreement provided for a contingent fee and contemplated that VA would withhold the fee from any past-due benefits awarded and…
Date: April 17, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2352
Justia Opinion Summary: Higgins began working at the Memphis VA Medical Center (VAMC) in 2007. Throughout his employment, Higgins reported unlawful activity ranging from misuse of agency letterhead to improper disposal of biohazardous material.…
Date: April 17, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1149
Justia Opinion Summary: CardioNet’s 207 patent, titled “Cardiac Monitoring,” claims priority to an application filed in 2004 and describes cardiac monitoring systems and techniques for detecting and distinguishing atrial fibrillation and atrial…
Date: April 17, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1435
Justia Opinion Summary: The Spigen Design Patents each claim a case for a cellular phone. In an infringement case, the district court held as a matter of law that the Spigen Design Patents were obvious over the 218 and 209 patents and granted…
Date: April 17, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1758
Justia Opinion Summary: Under the Arizona-Florida Land Exchange Act (AFLEA), 102 Stat. 4571, 72 acres of the Phoenix Indian School Property were conveyed to Collier in exchange for Collier’s Florida lands plus $34.9 million. The Arizona…
Date: April 15, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1862
Justia Opinion Summary: The Army sought to procure the services of certified registered nurse anesthetists for the Fort Bragg Army Medical Center. Eskridge bid but the solicitation was canceled. A new solicitation received 18 timely, complete…
Date: April 14, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2003
Justia Opinion Summary: Ericsson sued TCL for infringement of its patent, titled “Security Access Manager in Middleware,” describing “a system and method for controlling access to a platform for a mobile terminal for a wireless…
Date: April 14, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1351
Justia Opinion Summary: In 2012, Stratus, a facilities-based telecommunications provider, applied to register the STRATUS mark. UBTA, also a telecommunications provider, owns the STRATA mark and opposed registration of the STRATUS mark on…
Date: April 13, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1134
Justia Opinion Summary: After licensing negotiations with Timney failed, Mossberg sued Timney for patent infringement. Instead of answering the complaint, Timney filed for inter partes reexamination. The district court granted a stay. The…
Date: April 10, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1018
Justia Opinion Summary: The Patent Trial and Appeal Board conducted covered business method (CBM) review and found all of the claims of Bozeman’s patents, directed to methods for authorizing and clearing financial transactions to detect and…
Date: April 10, 2020
Docket Number: 19-2134
Justia Opinion Summary: Golden, pro se, filed this suit in 2019, under the Tucker Act, 28 U.S.C. 1491(a), seeking “reasonable and entire compensation for the unlicensed use and manufacture” of his “inventions described in and covered by”…
Date: April 9, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2038
Justia Opinion Summary: Air Force officers who hold the grade of major must appear before a promotion board, 10 U.S.C. 611(a), 628(k); an officer who is twice passed over for promotion is typically discharged. An officer who would otherwise be…
Date: April 9, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2220
Justia Opinion Summary: Nevro sued, alleging infringement of 18 claims across seven patents that are directed to high-frequency spinal cord stimulation therapy for inhibiting pain. Conventional spinal cord stimulation systems deliver electrical…
Date: April 9, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1262
Justia Opinion Summary: In an earlier appeal from inter partes review, the Federal Circuit vacated-in-part the Patent Trial and Appeal Board’s decision denying Nike’s motion to amend and remanded for the Board to address errors underlying its…
Date: April 8, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2097
Justia Opinion Summary: Valeant’s patent claims stable methylnaltrexone pharmaceutical preparations; methylnaltrexone, a quaternary amine opioid antagonist derivative, can be useful for reducing the side effects of opioids but is unstable in…
Date: April 8, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1073
Justia Opinion Summary: Forney sells welding and machining products in packaging that displays its proposed mark. Forney applied for a trademark based on use in commerce under the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. 1051(a). Forney sought to register the…
Date: April 8, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1168
Justia Opinion Summary: In 2011, Sistek was appointed as a director at the VA’s Chief Business Office Purchased Care. Sistek subsequently made several protected disclosures to the VA’s Office of the Inspector General (OIG) questioning various…
Date: April 8, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1243
Justia Opinion Summary: SF’s 329 patent is directed to an improved process for preparing high-molecular-weight polymers for use as super-absorbers in fields such as waste treatment and paper manufacturing. The district court entered summary…
Date: April 8, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1361
Justia Opinion Summary: The 968 patent is directed to replacement light-emitting diode (LED) light fixtures and seeks to minimize the need for customization by creating “low profile downlighting for retrofit applications” that accommodates…
Date: April 7, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1136
Justia Opinion Summary: Keith sued its former employee, Butterfield, after he filed a patent application for what eventually issued as the 520 patent. The employer alleged that the patent was based on inventions made during Butterfield’s…
Date: April 6, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1343
Date: April 3, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1522
Justia Opinion Summary: Intellisoft sued Acer in California state court, asserting state law claims, including misappropriation of trade secrets. After more than three years of litigation, Acer sought to plead a patent inventorship counterclaim…
Date: April 3, 2020
Docket Number: 19-2374
Justia Opinion Summary: Myco believed its competitor, BlephEx, made false and misleading statements about Myco’s product and whether it infringed BlephEx’s patent, entitled “Method and Device for Treating an Ocular Disorder.” The district court…
Date: March 31, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2195
Justia Opinion Summary: The VA promoted Dr. Sayers to Chief of Pharmacy Services for the Greater Los Angeles (GLA) Health Care System in 2003. In 2016, a VA site-visit team discovered violations of policy in the pharmacies under Sayers’s…
Date: March 31, 2020
Docket Number: 19-2225
Justia Opinion Summary: The VA issued a contract to OPSS for developing and managing the VA’s program to provide veterans access to community-based healthcare in Region 3 of the WellPoint, an unsuccessful bidder, brought a bid protest action.…
Date: March 27, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1404
Justia Opinion Summary: In 1994, the Department of Commerce imposed anti-dumping duties on fresh garlic from China. Harmoni, a producer and exporter of fresh garlic from China, requested individual review. New Mexico Garlic Growers Coalition…
Date: March 27, 2020
Docket Number: 19-2030
Date: March 25, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1021
Date: March 25, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1277
Justia Opinion Summary: The 1961 National Housing Act provided financial incentives to private developers to build low-income housing, including below-market mortgages insured by HUD. Participating developers had limited ability to increase…
Date: March 19, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1626
Justia Opinion Summary: Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) notified Ricci that she had been “tentatively” selected for a Criminal Investigator position; she was required to satisfactorily complete a background investigation before…
Date: March 18, 2020
Docket Number: 18-1400
Justia Opinion Summary: Windy CIty’s patents share a common specification and are generally related to methods for communicating over a computer-based network. Exactly one year after being served with Windy City’s infringement complaint,…
Date: March 17, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1419
Justia Opinion Summary: In 1996, two doctors discovered cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum, previously discarded as medical waste. In 2001, they obtained a patent, claiming a method for detecting the small fraction of paternally…
Date: March 16, 2020
Docket Number: 18-1904
Justia Opinion Summary: Hafco’s patent, issued in 2013, covers a “Rock Dust Blower” used to distribute rock dust in areas such as coal mines, where rock dust is applied to interior surfaces, to control the explosive hazards of coal dust. Hafco…
Date: March 16, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1360
Date: March 16, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1437
Date: March 13, 2020
Docket Number: 18-1936
Justia Opinion Summary: PMC’s patent is directed to methods for enhancing broadcast communications with user-specific data by embedding digital signals in those broadcast communications. The specification discloses a number of embodiments that…
Date: March 13, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2232
Justia Opinion Summary: Kaken’s patent, titled “Method For Treating Onychomycosis,” describes and claims methods for topically treating fungal infections in human nails. On inter partes review under 35 U.S.C. 311–319, the Patent Trial and…
Date: March 13, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1672
Justia Opinion Summary: CTDI is a worldwide engineering, repair, and logistics company with its principal place of business in Pennsylvania. Since 2007, CTDI has developed, manufactured, and used its “Gen3” and “Gen5” test systems within the…
Date: March 11, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1561
Justia Opinion Summary: ICCS imported 56,616 individual butane gas canisters into the U.S. that displayed a “PREMIUM” brand label and a registered certification mark owned by Underwriters Laboratories (UL). Customs determined that the canisters…
Date: March 10, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1441
Date: March 6, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2239
Justia Opinion Summary: Customedia’s patents, which share a specification, disclose comprehensive data management and processing systems that comprise a remote AccountTransaction Server (ATS) and a local host Data Case Management System and…
Date: March 6, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1337
Justia Opinion Summary: The VA issued Requests for Proposals (RFP) for the provision of healthcare furniture and related services for VA facilities for five geographic regions. The RFP described a best-value tradeoff selection process that…
Date: March 6, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1690
Justia Opinion Summary: In 2011, K.G., age 48, received an influenza vaccination in advance of knee replacement surgery. Over the next several months, she experienced increasingly severe nerve pain in her hands, arms, feet, and legs; she…
Date: March 3, 2020
Docket Number: 18-1213
Justia Opinion Summary: Under the GI Bill, the VA provides monetary benefits to veterans enrolled in “approved” “course[s] of education,” 38 U.S.C. 3483. Approval must be provided by the state approving agency (SAA) for the state where the…
Date: March 3, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1016
Justia Opinion Summary: Strand served in the Navy for roughly 19-1/2 years until he was discharged under other than honorable conditions for firing a gun at his estranged wife. Strand was convicted in state court of three felonies. After his…
Date: March 2, 2020
Docket Number: 16-2231
Justia Opinion Summary: The Patents-in-Suit are directed to the recovery of oil from a dry mill ethanol plant’s byproduct, thin stillage, for example, “evaporating the thin stillage to form a concentrate,” or syrup, and then “separating the oil…
Date: March 2, 2020
Docket Number: 18-1450
Justia Opinion Summary: The International Trade Commission (ITC) investigated a complaint under Tariff Act Section 337, alleging that Comcast’s customers directly infringe patents by using Comcast’s X1 system. The patents claim an interactive…
Date: February 26, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1743
Justia Opinion Summary: The Small Business Act requires that many federal agencies set aside contracts to be awarded to certain categories of small businesses, including service-disabled-veteran-owned (SDVO) small businesses, 15 U.S.C.…
Date: February 25, 2020
Docket Number: 17-2149
Date: February 25, 2020
Docket Number: 17-2149
Date: February 21, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1256
Date: February 21, 2020
Docket Number: 20-1191
Date: February 20, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1158
Justia Opinion Summary: The plaintiffs own land abutting a railroad right-of-way that was long ago granted to, and for decades used by, the Railway in Dade County, Florida. When the Railway abandoned the right-of-way for rail use, full rights…
Date: February 19, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2081
Justia Opinion Summary: Fourstar, a federal prisoner, filed a Tucker Act Complaint with a Motion for Leave to Proceed In Forma Pauperis. He claimed that the government is mismanaging certain Indian properties and resources. The Claims Court…
Date: February 19, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1080
Justia Opinion Summary: Arctic’s patents, directed to personal watercraft (PWC) steering systems, issued in 2004 and 2003, after Arctic stopped selling PWCs. In 2002, Arctic entered into a license agreement with Honda that expressly stated that…
Date: February 14, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1091
Justia Opinion Summary: The Department Commerce investigated antidumping duty petitions concerning imports of certain oil country tubular goods from various countries, including Vietnam. Commerce issued quantity and value questionnaires to the…
Date: February 13, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1059
Date: February 13, 2020
Docket Numbers: 19-1061, 2019-1059, 2019-1060
Justia Opinion Summary: Acoustic’s 841 patent relates to communications systems for utility providers to remotely monitor groups of utility meters, e.g., electricity meters. According to Acoustic, the claimed invention was “an improvement upon…
Date: February 13, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1098
Justia Opinion Summary: Serta filed a patent infringement action against Casper, citing the 173, 763, and 935 patents. Those patents cover mattresses that include a channel and methods for forming it. These mattresses can have varying areas of…
Date: February 13, 2020
Docket Number: 19-126
Justia Opinion Summary: SIT sued Google for patent infringement in the Eastern District of Texas. Under 28 U.S.C. 1400(b), “[a]ny civil action for patent infringement may be brought in the judicial district where the defendant resides, or where…
Date: February 13, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1541
Justia Opinion Summary: In 2014, the Phoenix VA Health Care System where Potter worked was in the midst of a patient care crisis that had resulted in an investigation by the Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Inspector General (OIG).…
Date: February 11, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1412
Date: February 10, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2171
Justia Opinion Summary: In 1999, while working at the San Juan VA Medical Center, Dr. Sanchez, a urologist, reported to his superiors what he believed to be improper practices. In 2000, Sánchez received a proficiency report prepared by his…
Date: February 10, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2399
Justia Opinion Summary: Acetris obtains its pharmaceutical products from Aurolife, which makes them in a New Jersey facility, using an active pharmaceutical ingredient made in India. Acetris had contracts to supply the VA with several…
Date: February 10, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1207
Justia Opinion Summary: The Department of Commerce initiated an antidumping duty investigation and determined that xanthan gum imported from China was sold in the U.S. at less than fair value. Commerce considers China to be a non-market…
Date: February 10, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1446
Date: February 10, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1451
Date: February 7, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2382
Justia Opinion Summary: Andrea sued Apple for infringement of Andrea’s 345 patent, relating to certain aspects of digital audio processing. Apple filed two inter partes review (IPR) petitions. The Patent Trial and Appeal Board instituted…
Date: February 7, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1289
Justia Opinion Summary: In 2017, the International Trade Commission issued a final affirmative determination that a U.S. domestic industry was materially injured by virtue of imported steel goods (carbon and alloy steel cut-to-length plate )…
Date: February 6, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1264
Justia Opinion Summary: Cheetah’s 836 patent is directed to optical communication networks. AT&T uses hardware and software components in its fiber-optic communication networks. Cheetah asserted that AT&T infringes the 836 patent by making,…
Date: February 5, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1473
Date: February 5, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1649
Justia Opinion Summary: HVO’s 941 and 488 patents share a specification and are directed to methods and devices for controlling an oxygen generating system, which is used to sustain and manage airflow for torch glass artists who use surface mix…
Date: February 4, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1169
Justia Opinion Summary: Prisua’s patent, entitled “Video Enabled Digital Devices for Embedding User Data in Interactive Applications,” is directed to “generating an edited video data stream from an original video stream” by “substituting at…
Date: January 31, 2020
Docket Number: 18-1768
Date: January 31, 2020
Docket Number: 18-1831
Date: January 31, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1072
Justia Opinion Summary: O’Brien is a Vietnam veteran whose service-connected disabilities make him eligible to receive compensation for himself and for certain “dependents,” 38 U.S.C. 1115. Section 1115 does not define “dependents,” but lists…
Date: January 30, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1100
Date: January 30, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1177
Justia Opinion Summary: Koninklijke's patent identifies prior art technologies for delivering digital content for playback on a client device: downloading and streaming. It states that downloading suffers from delay because the user cannot…
Date: January 30, 2020
Docket Number: 20-105
Date: January 23, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2276
Date: January 21, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1317
Date: January 16, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1046
Justia Opinion Summary: In 2010 San Diego Sherriff’s Deputy Collier died following an accident while on duty. Collier owned a house together with his fiance, Li, who was also designated as Collier’s beneficiary for his retirement benefits and…
Date: January 14, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1303
Date: January 14, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1751
Date: January 13, 2020
Docket Number: 17-2168
Justia Opinion Summary: In 1993, the Department of Commerce determined that imports of certain lock washers from China were being sold at less than fair value and issued an antidumping duty order covering washers classifiable under subheading…
Date: January 13, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2215
Justia Opinion Summary: ARM’s 320 patent describes an adaptor for use with Keurig® single-brew coffee machines or similar brewers, configured to effect operative compatibility between a single-serve beverage brewer [for use with cup-shaped…
Date: January 13, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1309
Date: January 13, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1643
Date: January 10, 2020
Docket Number: 18-1933
Justia Opinion Summary: Genentech’s patent is directed to methods of purifying antibodies and other proteins containing a CH2/CH3 region from impurities by protein A affinity chromatography. Protein A affinity chromatography is a standard…
Date: January 10, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2189
Date: January 10, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2256
Justia Opinion Summary: Audio’s patent describes a system for organizing audio files, by subject matter, into “program segments.” ’The system arranges the segments through a “session schedule” and allows a user to navigate through the schedule…
Date: January 10, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2335
Justia Opinion Summary: The Department of Commerce investigated (19 U.S.C. 1673−1673h) dumping of multilayered wood flooring from China and individually investigated the dumping margins of the three largest exporters. Commerce identified…
Date: January 10, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1071
Justia Opinion Summary: Molon sued Merkle-Korff, for infringement of the 785 patent. Merkle-Korff filed counterclaims relating to Molon’s 915 and 726 patents. Molon unilaterally executed the 2006 Covenant, agreeing not to sue Merkle-Korff for…
Date: January 10, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1633
Date: January 9, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1322
Date: January 9, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1329
Justia Opinion Summary: Farmos developed and patented Dexmedetomidine, a compound that is effective as a sedative, in the 1980s, and conducted human studies using intravenous administration of 20 µg/mL dexmedetomidine hydrochloride. Farmos…
Date: January 9, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1431
Date: January 7, 2020
Docket Number: 18-2414
Justia Opinion Summary: Amgen holds an approved New Drug Application for Sensipar®, a formulation of cinacalcet hydrochloride used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism in adult patients with chronic kidney disease who are on dialysis and to…
Date: January 6, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1057
Justia Opinion Summary: Shealey served on active duty in Vietnam. He sought service connection for a cervical spine disability and major depressive disorder. The Board of Veterans’ Appeals held that Shealey was dishonorably discharged. Before…
Date: January 6, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1234
Date: January 6, 2020
Docket Number: 19-1423
Justia Opinion Summary: The Kreizenbecks sought compensation under the National Vaccine Injury Act, 42 U.S.C. 300aa-1–34, alleging that vaccinations administered to their son aggravated an underlying mitochondrial disorder and caused him to…
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