2022 New York Laws
CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules
Article 53 - Recognition of Foreign Country Money Judgments
5304 - Grounds for Non-Recognition.

§ 5304. Grounds for non-recognition. (a) A court of this state may not
recognize a foreign country judgment if:
  1.  the  judgment  was  rendered under a judicial system that does not
provide  impartial  tribunals  or   procedures   compatible   with   the
requirements of due process of law;
  2.  the  foreign  court  did  not  have personal jurisdiction over the
defendant; or
  3. the foreign court  did  not  have  jurisdiction  over  the  subject
matter.
  (b)  A  court  of  this  state  need  not  recognize a foreign country
judgment if:
  1. the defendant in the  proceeding  in  the  foreign  court  did  not
receive  notice  of  the  proceeding  in  sufficient  time to enable the
defendant to defend;
  2. the judgment was obtained by fraud that deprived the  losing  party
of an adequate opportunity to present its case;
  3.  the judgment or the cause of action on which the judgment is based
is repugnant to the public policy of this state or of the United States;
  4. the judgment conflicts with another final and conclusive judgment;
  5. the proceeding in the foreign court was contrary  to  an  agreement
between  the  parties  under  which  the  dispute  in question was to be
determined otherwise than by a proceeding in that court;
  6. in the case of jurisdiction based only  on  personal  service,  the
foreign  court  was  a seriously inconvenient forum for the trial of the
action;
  7. the judgment was rendered in circumstances that  raise  substantial
doubt  about  the  integrity of the rendering courts with respect to the
judgment;
  8. the specific  proceeding  in  the  foreign  court  leading  to  the
judgment was not compatible with the requirements of due process of law;
or
  9. the cause of action resulted in a defamation judgment obtained in a
jurisdiction  outside  the  United States, unless the court before which
the matter is brought sitting in this state first  determines  that  the
defamation  law  applied in the foreign court's adjudication provided at
least as much protection for freedom of speech and press in that case as
would be provided by both the United States and New York constitutions.
  (c) A party resisting recognition of a foreign  country  judgment  has
the  burden  of establishing that a ground for non-recognition stated in
subdivision (a) or (b) of this section exists; provided that  the  party
seeking  recognition  shall bear the burden of establishing the adequate
protections for freedom of speech and press required as a  condition  to
recognition  under  paragraph nine of subdivision (b) of this section if
the party resisting recognition establishes that  the  judgment  is  for
defamation.