JAMES W. MEYER, APLT. V. ELAINE M. MEYER (Majority Opinion)
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[J-121-99] IN THE SUPREME COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA WESTERN DISTRICT JAMES W. MEYER, Appellant v. ELAINE M. MEYER, Appellee : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : No. 0013 W.D. Appeal Docket 1999 Appeal from the Order of Superior Court at No. 1464PGH97, dated July 8, 1998 affirming the Order of the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County, Family Division, at No. FD83-04993, dated June 27, 1997. SUBMITTED: September 8, 1999 OPINION MADAME JUSTICE NEWMAN DECIDED: APRIL 17, 2000 James W. Meyer has appealed from the Order of the Superior Court that affirmed the Order of the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County (trial court) that determined that certain early retirement incentive benefits, received by him after separation from Elaine M. Meyer, were marital property. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY The parties to the instant lawsuit were married in October of 1969, separated on August 15, 1982, and divorced in October of 1987. Mr. Meyer worked as a trolley driver throughout the length of the marriage, while Mrs. Meyer was a homemaker and primary caretaker of the parties son. After the separation, Mrs. Meyer worked in a day care center. On May 27, 1988, pursuant to an order of equitable distribution, the trial court awarded Mrs. Meyer one-half of the marital share of Husband s Port Authority of Allegheny County retirement plan. Mr. Meyer retired early, on July 1, 1994, pursuant to a retirement incentive entitled a special retirement option (SRO). This incentive was offered to Mr. Meyer on March 26, 1993, as a one time voluntary early retirement program. The benefit of the SRO was the credit to him of an additional five years of service for the purpose of calculating his pension. To be eligible for the SRO, an employee must already have had twenty-five years of service with the Port Authority of Allegheny County. Prior to his retirement, Mr. Meyer had worked for the Port Authority for only twenty-three years, however, the SRO permitted employees to buy, as additional years of pension service, years of prior military service. Accordingly, Mr. Meyer bought an additional two years of service based on his premarital military service. After that, he was considered to have twenty-five years of service, which made him eligible for the SRO five-year increment. Husband elected the SRO and retired with his pension under the SRO based on thirty years of service. Mr. and Mrs. Meyer agreed that Mrs. Meyer was entitled to one-half of the marital share of the pension but disagreed as to how much, if any, of the five-year credit should be considered marital property. Mr. Meyer argued that none of the credit should be considered marital , while Mrs. Meyer asserted that the five years should be considered [J-121-99] - 2 in the marital share, suitably reduced by the coverture fraction. 1 The trial court determined that the additional five years of service was the result of years of service while Mr. and Mrs. Meyer were married, as well as nonmarital service years, and that the five years of service should be a shared benefit to the extent of the coverture fracture. The Superior Court affirmed, and we granted allocatur to consider the question of whether this early retirement inducement should be considered marital property for purposes of equitable distribution. DISCUSSION This Court has previously addressed, in Gordon v. Gordon, 681 A.2d 732 (Pa. 1996), the issue of whether early retirement inducements accepted by an employee after separation, which have the effect of increasing the employee s retirement benefits, are includable in the marital estate. That case, however, resulted in a plurality opinion. Nevertheless, much of the analysis employed in Gordon is relevant in the case we decide today. The Divorce Code defines marital property as all property acquired by either party during the marriage. 23 Pa.C.S.A § 3501(a). Generally, increases in retirement benefits occurring after separation are not considered marital property. However, in Berrington v. Berrington, 633 A.2d 589 (Pa. 1993), this Court acknowledged that certain changes that 1 The coverture fraction is that portion of the value of the pension that is attributable to the marriage. The numerator of the fraction is the total period of time the employee spouse was a participant in the plan from the date of marriage until the date of separation, and the denominator is the total period of participation in the pension plan. Berrington v. Berrington, 633 A.2d 589, 591 n.5 (1993). [J-121-99] - 3 occur in a pension after the date of separation arise through no effort or expense on the part of the participating spouse. These changes in the pension not attributable to the participant s labors or contributions, therefore, are not regarded as property acquired after separation, but as adjustments to the plan which should be available to both parties to the marriage. Gordon, 681 A.2d at 735. The most important question to answer in deciding whether to apply this exception is whether the increase in retirement benefits was produced by the efforts or contributions of the participant spouse. In the instant matter, the answer is no. As was the case in Gordon, the additional benefits received by Mr. Meyer were benefits based entirely on years of service. Mr. Meyer was required to have twenty-five years of service to receive the five-year bonus, and those twenty-five years included many years in which he and Mrs. Meyer were married and living together. Where, as here, increased pension benefits are based on years of service, which include years of service in which the marriage was intact, the increased benefits must be included in the marital estate to the extent of their coverture fraction. 2 The rationale behind such a rule is clear - to provide to the nonparticipant spouse the benefit of favorable changes in retirement benefits that are not due to the participant 2 Mr. Meyer relies on LaBuda v. LaBuda , 503 A.2d 971 (Pa.Super. 1986), claiming that the SRO early retirement incentive program in the case at bar was not created, and he accrued no interest therein, until years after the parties separation and that the SRO benefit is nonmarital. However, as noted in my concurring opinion in Gordon, supra., I do not believe that the application of LaBuda is helpful in analyzing whether the SRO in the instant matter (continued ¦) [J-121-99] - 4 spouse s post-separation efforts. Any other rule would merely provide an unearned windfall to the participant spouse. In deciding issues such as the one before us today, we must be mindful that it is the policy of the Divorce Code to effectuate economic justice between parties who are divorced. 23 Pa.C.S.A. §3102(a)(6). As stated by the trial court in its well-reasoned decision in this case: The keys to economic justice lie in the recognition that the benefits that Mr. Meyer received from his employer required the consideration of marital years of service during which time the parties were participating in a partnership and making joint sacrifices and decisions. . . . All that was required of husband to receive the benefits in this case was that he accumulate enough years of service to add up to twenty-five. Without the marital years of service, he could not have done this. He is fully compensated for his post separation years of service and military years of service by the coverture fraction. Slip op. at 5, 7. We agree and, accordingly, affirm the Order of the Superior Court. Mr. Justice Castille files a dissenting opinion in which Messrs. Justice Zappala and Nigro join. ( ¦continued) should be considered marital. (Anticipated versus unanticipated nature of early retirement inducement not dispositive in determining whether benefits marital. ) [J-121-99] - 5
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