BEARHEAD v. AMERICAN INVESTMENT CO. et al.

BEARHEAD v. AMERICAN INVESTMENT CO. et al.
1932 OK 314
10 P.2d 1086
157 Okla. 84
Case Number: 20685
Decided: 04/26/1932
Supreme Court of Oklahoma

BEARHEAD
v.
AMERICAN INVESTMENT CO. et al.

Syllabus

¶0 1. Guardian and Ward--Sale of Real Estate--Notice of Hearing Petition not "Process."
Notice of hearing a petition for sale of real estate of a minor in guardianship proceedings is not "process" within the meaning of sections 862 and 1086, C. O. S. 1921.
2. Same--Proceedings not Open to Collateral Attack.
Where a guardianship proceeding is being conducted by a county court having jurisdiction, the sufficiency of a notice of hearing of a petition for a decree of sale is a matter for the consideration of the county court, and where a guardian has been appointed and a decree of sale and an order of confirmation of sale have been made, followed by execution and delivery of a guardian's deed, the proceedings are not open to a collateral attack in an independent suit to cancel the proceedings.
3. Same--Guardian Ad Litem not Required for Minor Next of Kin of Ward.
There is no provision of law requiring the appointment of a guardian ad litem for a minor next of kin of a minor ward in a probate proceeding for a sale by a guardian of the land of the ward.
4. Same--Limitation of Action to Recover Real Estate From Purchaser at Void Guardian's Sale.
Where the grantee went into possession of real estate immediately after the purchase thereof by him at a void guardian's sale, and such grantee and those claiming under him remain continuously in possession thereof thereafter, and where an action to recover said real estate is not brought by the minor or his guardian within five years after the recording of the deed, nor within two years after his legal disability is removed, an action by such minor for the recovery of said property is barred by sections 183 and 184, C. O. S. 1921.
5. Indians--Federal Statutory Provision as to County Court's Jurisdiction Over Full-Blood Indian Minors.
The proviso of section 9 of the Act of Congress of May 27, 1908 (35 Stat. 312), requiring the approval of conveyance by the county court having jurisdiction of the estates of deceased allottees, does not apply to full-blood Indian minors, and the provision of section 6 giving the county court jurisdiction of the person and estate of all Indian minors is the only provision applicable to such Indian minors.
6. Same--Statute Relating to Limitations on Actions by Restricted Indians not Applicable Where Land not Restricted.
The two-year provision in the Act of Congress of April 12, 1926 (44 Stat. 239), is not applicable to causes of action where the land in controversy is not restricted.
7. Same--Lands Inherited by Full-Blood Indian Minors From Full-Blood Allottee not "Restricted Lands of Living Minors."
Lands inherited by full-blood Creek Indian minors from a full-blood Creek allottee are not "restricted lands" within the purview of the proviso in section 6 of the Act of Congress of May 27, 1908 (35 Stat. 312), prohibiting the sale or incumbrance of restricted lands of living minors, except by leases authorized by law, by order of the court, or otherwise.
8. Guardian and Ward--Action to Recover Land Sold at Guardian's Sale--Judgment for Defendants Sustained.
Record examined, and held to support the judgment of the trial court.

Appeal from District Court, Seminole County; Geo. C. Crump, Judge.

Action by Wiley Bearhead against the American Investment Company and Lula Polk. Judgment for defendants, and plaintiff appeals. Affirmed.

Tom Huser and E. I. Wakeman, for plaintiff in error.
Lester, Mills & Lester, for defendants in error.

ANDREWS, J.

¶1 This is an appeal by a full-blood Creek Indian from a judgment of the district court of Seminole county sustaining a general demurrer to his amended petition in ejectment for possession of an allotment of a deceased full-blood Seminole Indian and dismissing the action. The basis of the action was the contention that the interest of the plaintiff in the land was sold by his guardian while the plaintiff was a minor and that the sale was void. The parties appear here as they appeared in the trial court and hereinafter they will be referred to as plaintiff and defendants.

¶2 The plaintiff contends that the notice to hear the petition of the guardian to sell the land of his ward was not properly served on the next of kin of the ward; that the next of kin of the ward were minors and no guardian ad litem was appointed for them, and that by reason thereof the sale of the interest of the plaintiff in the land was void. The amended petition, with the exhibits attached, shows that Dan M. Baker was the guardian of the plaintiff, a minor of the age of 20 years at the time of the sale of the land by the guardian; that the guardian filed in the county court a verified petition for authority to sell the ward's interest in the land; that the county court made an order fixing a date for the hearing of the petition for the sale, in which it required all interested parties to appear and in which it directed that a copy of the order be served personally upon the next of kin of the ward and that a copy thereof be posted as required by law; that the ward at that time had a wife and two children; that a copy of the order of the court was posted; that a copy thereof was served by the guardian upon the mother, the wife, and each of the two children of the ward; that a return was made by the guardian under oath showing the service of the order as aforesaid and showing that the father of the ward was dead; that a decree of sale was issued by the court finding that the ward and all of the next of kin were present at the hearing and that they were sworn and examined in open court, and that the sale of the land was confirmed by the county court.

¶3 The plaintiff contends that the notice to hear a petition to sell the land of a minor in a county court is of the dignity and solemnity of a summons and must be served by the sheriff or by someone specially appointed by the court to do so. Section 1472, C. O. S. 1921, provides the manner of service of an order for hearing a petition to sell the land of a minor. That section provides:

"The county judge shall cause copies of said order to be posted up in three public places in the county, one of which shall be at the courthouse where said hearing is to be held, and personally served on the next kin of the ward and all other persons interested in the estate of said ward, residing in the county, and to be mailed to all such persons who are not residents of the county, with the postage prepaid, at least fourteen days before the hearing of the petition. * * *"

¶4 The provisions of that section were complied with.

¶5 The plaintiff cites section 1086, C. O. S. 1921, which requires that all process issued by the county court shall be served in the same manner and by the persons and officers as provided for the service of process of the district court. In Harrison et al. v. Orwig et al., 149 Okla. 54, 299 P. 143, this court held:

"Notice of hearing a petition for sale of real estate of a minor in guardianship proceedings is not 'process' within the meaning of sections 862 and 1086, C. O. S. 1921."

"A guardian's sale of real estate is a special proceeding and is not a cause of action within the meaning of section 172, C. O. S. 1921."

¶6 This action is not a direct attack upon the order confirming the sale of real estate. It is a collateral attack thereon. In Harrison v. Orwig, supra, this court held:

"Where guardianship proceedings have been conducted by a county court having jurisdiction, leading up to a confirmation of a sale of the ward's real estate, the sufficiency of the notice or waiver of the hearing upon the application for appointment of a guardian, the guardian's petition for decree of sale, the notice or waiver of hearing upon the petition for decree of sale, the notice or waiver of hearing upon the return of sale, and of the appraisement, when an appraisement is required, and the notice of sale, are all matters for the consideration of the county court, and where a guardian has been appointed, decree of sale made, and an order of confirmation of sale made, followed by execution and delivery of a guardian's deed, the proceedings are not open to a collateral attack in an independent suit to cancel the proceedings."

See also Pettis v. Johnston, 78 Okla. 277, 190 P. 681, and Ward v. Thompson, 111 Okla. 52, 237 P. 569.

¶7 We know of no provision of law requiring that a guardian ad litem be appointed for the next of kin of a ward in a probate proceeding for the sale of real estate of the ward by a guardian.

¶8 The sale was confirmed on February 23, 1922. The guardian's deed was executed on March 16, 1922, and filed for record on that date. The action was commenced on October 8, 1928. The action was barred by the provisions of sections 183 and 184, C. 0. S. 1921, Dodson v. Middleton, 38 Okla. 763, 135 P. 368; Wray v. Howard, 79 Okla. 223, 192 P. 584; Walker v. Hatcher, 109 Okla. 283, 231 P. 88, and Dierks et al. v. Isaac et al., 114 Okla. 158, 244 P. 750.

¶9 The plaintiff states in his brief that this action was commenced under the authority of section 2 of the Act of Congress of April 12, 1926 (44 Stat. 239), known as the Hastings-Harreld Act. The two-year provision of that act is not applicable to actions involving land which is not restricted. Tomlin v. Roberts, 126 Okla. 165, 258 P. 1041. The land in question is not restricted land within the meaning of section 6 of the Act of Congress of May 27, 1908 (35 Stat. 312). King v. Mitchell, 69 Okla. 207, 171 P. 725; Chupco v. Chapman, 76 Okla. 201, 170 P. 259, and Dierks v. Isaac, supra.