In re Moll
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Respondent was a candidate for judge of the fifth district court of appeals of Ohio for the six-year term beginning February 11, 2013. Respondent won in the primary election but lost in the general election. A five-member judicial commission appointed by the Supreme Court concluded that the record before a hearing panel of the Board of Commissioners on Grievances and Discipline supported the panel's finding that Respondent violated several provisions of Canon 4 of the Code of Judicial Conduct during her campaign by using campaign flyers depicting Respondent wearing a judicial robe. The Supreme Court agreed with the commission that the finding of professional misconduct was supported by the record and affirmed the sanctions imposed by the commission of a $1000 fine and $2500 in attorney fees.
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[Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it may be cited as In re Judicial Campaign Complaint Against Moll, Slip Opinion No. 2012-Ohio-5674.] NOTICE This slip opinion is subject to formal revision before it is published in an advance sheet of the Ohio Official Reports. Readers are requested to promptly notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of Ohio, 65 South Front Street, Columbus, Ohio 43215, of any typographical or other formal errors in the opinion, in order that corrections may be made before the opinion is published. SLIP OPINION NO. 2012-OHIO-5674 IN RE JUDICIAL CAMPAIGN COMPLAINT AGAINST MOLL. [Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it may be cited as In re Judicial Campaign Complaint Against Moll, Slip Opinion No. 2012-Ohio-5674.] (No. 2012-1186 Submitted October 23, 2012 Decided December 6, 2012.) APPEAL from the Order of the Judicial Commission of the Supreme Court. _____________________ Per Curiam. {¶ 1} Respondent, Jeanette M. Moll of Zanesville, Ohio, Attorney Registration No. 0066786, was admitted to the practice of law in Ohio in 1996. Moll was a candidate for Judge of the Fifth District Court of Appeals of Ohio for the six-year term beginning February 11, 2013.1 Moll appeals from a decision of a five-member judicial commission appointed by this court concluding that the record before a hearing panel of the Board of Commissioners on Grievances and Discipline supported the panel s finding that Moll violated several provisions of Canon 4 of the Code of Judicial Conduct. Moll also contests the commission s 1. Moll won in the primary election, but lost in the general election. SUPREME COURT OF OHIO imposition of a cease and desist order, a $1,000 fine, attorney fees of $2,500, and costs as sanctions premised upon her violations of the Code of Judicial Conduct. We agree with the commission that the finding of professional misconduct is supported by the record and affirm the sanctions imposed by the commission. Facts {¶ 2} The secretary of the board charged Moll in a three-count complaint with multiple violations of the Code of Judicial Conduct. The panel of three board members held a hearing on the matter and made findings of fact and conclusions of law. The panel found that Moll had committed the violations of the Code of Judicial Conduct charged in the first count of the complaint, which related to her use of a campaign flyer, but dismissed the remaining charges in the second and third counts because of the lack of clear and convincing proof. The panel recommended that the commission issue interim and permanent cease and desist orders that Moll immediately and permanently cease from using the campaign flyer specified in the first count. The panel also recommended that Moll be assessed a fine of $1,000 and the costs of the proceeding, but that the fine be stayed on condition of no further violations of the Code of Judicial Conduct relating to judicial campaign conduct. {¶ 3} On July 31, 2012, the commission issued the recommended cease and desist order. 132 Ohio St.3d 1489, 2012-Ohio-3440, 971 N.E.2d 965. Both Moll and complainant filed objections to the panel s report. On August 30, 2012, the commission affirmed the hearing panel s finding that Moll committed multiple violations of the Code of Judicial Conduct. 132 Ohio St.3d 1505, 2012Ohio-3952, 973 N.E.2d 273. The commission ordered Moll to pay a $1,000 fine and the costs of the proceeding and to pay the complainant $2,500 in attorney fees. Id. {¶ 4} This cause is now before the court on Moll s appeal of the commission s order pursuant to Gov.Jud.R. II(5)(E). 2 January Term, 2012 Analysis Scope of Appeal {¶ 5} In her appeal from the commission s sanctions, Moll argues that the commission erred in determining that the record supports the hearing panel s findings that she violated Canon 4 of the Code of Judicial Conduct. The complainant contends that the court cannot address this argument because it is outside the scope of this appeal. {¶ 6} Under Gov.Jud.R. II(5)(E), a respondent charged with a grievance that alleges a violation by a judicial candidate of Canon 4 of the Code of Judicial Conduct during the course of a campaign for judicial office, which results in a finding of misconduct by the board s hearing panel that is upheld by the commission, may appeal a sanction issued by the commission to the Supreme Court. {¶ 7} Notwithstanding the complainant s argument, our review under Gov.Jud.R. II(5)(E) permits a determination of the propriety of the commission s holding that the record supports the hearing panel s finding that Moll committed violations of Canon 4 and that no abuse of discretion occurred. Because the commission s issuance of sanctions is premised on the Moll s violations of Canon 4, a determination of the appropriateness of the sanctions necessarily includes a consideration of whether the violations are supported by the record. If not, no sanctions would have been permissible. Finding of Misconduct Campaign Materials including Photograph of Judicial Candidate in a Robe without Specification that Candidate is not Currently a Judge or Magistrate {¶ 8} The commission determined that the record supports the hearing panel s finding that Moll violated Canon 4 of the Code of Judicial Conduct, which precludes a judge or judicial candidate from engaging in political or campaign activity that is inconsistent with the independence, integrity, or impartiality of the 3 SUPREME COURT OF OHIO judiciary. This case involves Moll s use of a campaign flyer that gave prospective voters the misleading impression that she is currently serving in an elected or appointed judicial office. {¶ 9} On the front page of the flyer, below the heading entitled, Jeanette Moll for Judge, Moll is depicted in a photograph wearing a judicial robe. No text accompanies the photograph to indicate whether Moll is a current or former judge or magistrate. The back of the flyer lists bullet points for Moll s education and experience, including a notation of Magistrate, Guernsey County, without specifying whether she currently holds that position or the dates she served in that position. Moll served as a magistrate for the Guernsey County Court of Common Pleas from 1997 to 2007, so she was not a magistrate at the time the flyer was distributed. {¶ 10} The commission agreed with the hearing panel that Moll s campaign flyer contained information that was either knowingly false, or made with reckless disregard of whether it was false or, if true, that would be deceiving or misleading to a reasonable person, in violation of Jud.Cond.R. 4.3(A) (prohibiting a judicial candidate from circulating or distributing information concerning a judicial candidate, either knowing the information to be false or with reckless disregard of whether it was false or, if true, that would be deceiving or misleading to a reasonable person), that the campaign flyer implies that Moll is currently in an office that she does not hold, in violation of Jud.Cond.R. 4.3(C) (prohibiting a judicial candidate from knowingly or with reckless disregard using in campaign materials the title of an office not presently held by the judicial candidate in a manner that implies that the judicial candidate does currently hold that office), and that the campaign flyer misrepresents Moll s current position as a private practitioner, in violation of Jud.Cond.R. 4.3(F) (prohibiting a judicial candidate from knowingly or with reckless disregard using campaign materials that misrepresent the candidate s present position). 4 January Term, 2012 {¶ 11} The commission did not err in determining that the record supports the hearing panel s determination that Moll s campaign flyer violated Jud.Cond.R. 4.3(A), (C), and (F). In this context, a judicial candidate acts knowingly if the result is probable, and the candidate acts recklessly if the result is possible and the candidate chooses to ignore the risk. See In re Judicial Campaign Complaint Against Michael, 132 Ohio St.3d 1469, 2012-Ohio-3187, 970 N.E.2d 970; In re Judicial Campaign Complaint Against Emrich, 75 Ohio St.3d 1517, 665 N.E.2d 1133 (1996). Compare State ex rel. Oster v. Lorain Cty. Bd. of Elections, 93 Ohio St.3d 480, 487, 756 N.E.2d 649 (2001) (defining the term knowingly for purposes of election statute according to its ordinary and common meaning that one is aware of existing facts). {¶ 12} Moll was aware that it was possible that her campaign flyer could mislead or deceive a reasonable person that she currently serves as a judge or magistrate. Moll testified at the panel hearing that the campaign flyer was prepared with her personal knowledge and approval. She attended a judicial candidates seminar in 2011, and upon completion, she certified her understanding of the requirements of the Code of Judicial Conduct. The seminar materials included the full text of Jud.Cond.R. 4.3, a list of the board s advisory ethics opinions, including Op. No. 03-08, with the caption that the opinion addresses the [u]se of title and appearance in a robe by magistrate running for judicial office, and case summaries and opinions, including In re Judicial Campaign Complaint Against Lilly, 117 Ohio St.3d 1467, 2008-Ohio-1846, 884 N.E.2d 1101. {¶ 13} In Lilly, the misconduct included a candidate s appearance in a judicial robe although she was not an incumbent judge at the time. Moll showed the capacity to use the same photograph in other campaign materials with accompanying language specifying the dates that she served as magistrate, but she did not use this limiting language in the pertinent campaign flyer. And although she claims that a reasonable person would view her statement on the back of the 5 SUPREME COURT OF OHIO flyer that states Magistrate, Guernsey County to be a chronological, resumestyle listing that indicates that she is currently a private practitioner, her resume includes the dates she served in the positions she has held, including her tenure as magistrate. Moll also admitted that the flyer did not differentiate between whether she could have held the positions of magistrate and private practitioner at the same time. {¶ 14} As the commission determined, the board s conclusion that Moll violated Jud.Cond.R. 4.3 is consistent with precedent. See In re Judicial Campaign Complaint Against Lilly, 131 Ohio St.3d 1515, 2012-Ohio-1720, 965 N.E.2d 315 (judicial candidate violated Jud.Cond.R. 4.3 by, among other things, using campaign literature displaying photograph of candidate in judicial robe, without any qualification that the candidate is not currently a judge). {¶ 15} Moreover, Moll s reliance on an appointed judicial commission s 7-6 decision in In re Judicial Campaign Grievance Against O Neill, 132 Ohio St.3d 1472, 2012-Ohio-3223, 970 N.E.2d 973, to claim that Jud.Cond.R. 4.3 is unconstitutional is misplaced. The decision in O Neill is limited to Jud.Cond.R. 4.3(C) and is further restricted to the rule s application to the respondent therein under the facts of that case. Id. In addition, the disclaimer of former judge was prominent in the campaign advertisement at issue in O Neill. By contrast, this case involves Jud.Cond.R. 4.3(A) and (F) in addition to (C), and the campaign flyer contained no accompanying text specifying that Moll was a former magistrate. {¶ 16} Therefore, the commission correctly affirmed the hearing panel s finding that Moll violated Jud.Cond.R. 4.3(A), (C), and (F). Sanction {¶ 17} Moll next contends that the commission erred in imposing sanctions of a $1,000 fine, the costs of the proceeding, and $2,500 in attorney fees. Pursuant to Gov.Jud.R. II(5)(D)(1), if the commission concludes that the 6 January Term, 2012 record supports the hearing panel s finding that a violation of Canon 4 has occurred and that the panel has not abused its discretion, it has the discretion to enter an order that includes one or more of the specified sanctions, including a disciplinary sanction, a fine imposed against respondent, an assessment against respondent of the costs of the proceeding, and an assessment against respondent of the reasonable and necessary attorney fees incurred by the complainant in prosecuting the grievance. See Miller v. Miller, 132 Ohio St.3d 424, 2012-Ohio2928, 973 N.E.2d 228, ¶ 28 (use of the word may denotes the granting of discretion). Therefore, on appeal pursuant to Gov.Jud.R. II(5)(E) of the commission s order of sanctions, our review is limited to whether the commission abused its discretion. A decision constitutes an abuse of discretion when it is unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. State ex rel. Ebbing v. Ricketts, __ Ohio St.3d __, 2012-Ohio-4699, __ N.E.2d __, ¶ 13. {¶ 18} The commission did not abuse its discretion in issuing the sanctions here. Unlike the case relied on by Moll, In re Judicial Campaign Complaint Against Keys, 80 Ohio Misc.2d 1, 671 N.E.2d 1124 (1996), to support her claim that any violation was unintentional, there was no unintentional use by a third party of Moll s name in the campaign flyer. Instead, there is clear and convincing evidence that Moll made and approved the flyer and that her violations of Jud.Cond.R. 4.3 in doing so were either knowingly or recklessly committed. Given that the complainant submitted an affidavit of attorney expenses in the sum of $21,121.51 to the commission, we are not persuaded that the commission s assessment of $2,500 in attorney fees as part of the sanction constitutes an abuse of its broad discretion in fashioning a remedy commensurate with the ethical misconduct committed by Moll in her judicial campaign. {¶ 19} Nor do the remaining sanctions establish that the commission acted in an unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable manner. The primary purpose of these sanctions is to protect the public, and the imposition of fines, costs, and 7 SUPREME COURT OF OHIO attorney fees act as a deterrent against similar behavior by judicial candidates that may mislead or deceive prospective voters in the future. See Disciplinary Counsel v. O Neill, 103 Ohio St.3d 204, 2004-Ohio-4704, 815 N.E.2d 286, ¶ 53 ( the primary purpose of disciplinary sanctions is not to punish the offender, but to protect the public ); In re Judicial Campaign Complaint Against Per Due, 98 Ohio St.3d 1538, 2003-Ohio-2032, 787 N.E.2d 10 ( The purpose of sanctions is to inform other judicial candidates of the seriousness of such violations and to deter future similar misconduct. A sanction that may result in effective deterrence best serves the public interest and the profession ). Conclusion {¶ 20} Because the commission did not abuse its discretion is issuing sanctions against Moll for her violations of Jud.Cond.R. 4.3, we affirm the order of the commission. Order affirmed. O CONNOR, C.J., and PFEIFER, LUNDBERG STRATTON, O DONNELL, LANZINGER, and MCGEE BROWN, JJ., concur. CUPP, J., not participating. _____________________ Shumaker, Loop, & Kendrick, L.L.P., and David F. Axelrod; Sue Ann Reulbach, for complainant. Jeanette M. Moll, pro se. _____________________ 8
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