Charlotte Flanagan, Plaintiff, Appellant, v. Gary I. Grant and Mercia Grant, Defendants, Appellees, 79 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 1996)

Plaintiff-appellant Charlotte Flanagan filed this diversity action against her parents, defendants-appellees Gary and Mercia Grant, in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts on November 12, 1993. Her complaint alleged that her father sexually abused her for four years, beginning in 1980 when she was fourteen, and that her mother actively helped to cover up the abuse and to coerce her to drop charges against him.¹  Defendants moved for summary judgment, and, in a well-reasoned report and recommendation, the magistrate judge recommended allowing the motion on the ground that the complaint was time-barred by the applicable three-year statute of limitations. Flanagan v. Grant, 897 F. Supp. 637 (D. Mass. 1995). The district court accepted the recommendation. Plaintiff appeals.

Having considered the record, the parties' briefs, and oral argument, we essentially agree with the lower court's reasoning and result and see no need to go over the same ground in the same detail. See In re San Juan Dupont Plaza Hotel Fire Litig., 989 F.2d 36, 38 (1st Cir. 1993). The magistrate judge correctly applied the Massachusetts discovery rule to the facts of this case, taking into account the controlling Massachusetts cases including the leading authority, Riley v. Presnell, 409 Mass. 239, 565 N.E.2d 780 (1991). Since issuance of the lower court's opinion, the Appeals Court of Massachusetts has handed down another relevant decision, Phinney v. Morgan, 39 Mass.App.Ct. 202, 654 N.E.2d 77, rev. denied, 421 Mass. 1104, 656 N.E.2d 1258 (1995). Phinney gives further support to the magistrate judge's view that the limitations period and discovery rule considered in Riley, a malpractice case, will apply here.²  It also lends support to the present outcome, in that, in a fairly analogous situation involving parental incest, summary judgment was awarded absent plaintiffs' showing of a triable issue as to whether they or a reasonable person in their position would have lacked sufficient notice of the cause of their harm within the applicable time period. See Phinney, 654 N.E.2d at 81-82.

Focusing, as the lower court properly did, on when plaintiff knew or had sufficient notice of the cause of her harm,³  we agree that the record demonstrates no triable issue over whether such knowledge or notice may have occurred only after November 12, 1990 (the relevant date, three years before the complaint was filed). The record contains a plethora of undisputed evidence showing plaintiff's early awareness of distress resulting from her father's abuse. She filed, withdrew, and later refiled (in October 1990) criminal charges against her father. She manifested from 1984 onward her strong desire to escape the repeated abuse (and, subsequently, to help her sister escape the risk of abuse). Her own suicidal inclinations in 1984 are linked in her affidavit with going to the police in that year with her mother and sisters to protest her father's conduct. Her psychologist, Dr. Wayment, opined that plaintiff could intellectually understand the relationship between her father's incest and her feelings, although she did not fully associate emotionally the incestuous conduct with her feelings until the fall of 1993.

Riley held that even though emotional and psychological barriers may prevent a plaintiff from taking action against an abusive defendant, a plaintiff's knowledge of a causal association between the abuse and the resulting psychological harm suffices to trigger the running of the statute of limitations. Riley, 565 N.E.2d at 787; see also Phinney, 654 N.E.2d at 81-82. We think the magistrate judge did not err in finding no triable issue here, and are constrained to agree with her conclusion in this sad case that "[i]n the case at bar, although plaintiff did not fully experience the extent of the damage inflicted by her father, she nevertheless realized that her father was the likely cause of her injuries prior to November 12, 1990." Flanagan, 897 F. Supp. at 643.

There is no merit in plaintiff's second argument that the district court inadequately performed its review duties because it simply noted its approval on the magistrate judge's report itself. Plaintiff cites no caselaw or particular fact supporting her claim and we discern none.

Affirmed.