Klines v. State
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Cite as 2010 Ark. App. 361
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION II
No. CACR 09-1207
Opinion Delivered
SUSIE KLINES
APPELLANT
V.
STATE OF ARKANSAS
APRIL 28, 2010
APPEAL FROM THE BRADLEY
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
[NO. CR2008-27-1B]
HONORABLE SAM POPE, JUDGE
APPELLEE
AFFIRMED
JOHN B. ROBBINS, Judge
Appellant Susie Klines, her husband, and her two sons were charged with abuse of an
impaired person pursuant to Ark. Code Ann. § 5-28-103 (Repl. 2006). The 49-year-old
victim is appellant’s step-daughter. After a jury trial, Mrs. Klines was convicted and sentenced
to six years in prison.
Mrs. Klines now appeals from her conviction. On appeal, she argues that the trial
court abused its discretion in making certain evidentiary rulings and in limiting her crossexamination of State’s witnesses. Mrs. Klines contends that the trial errors had the cumulative
effect of influencing the jury and that taken together they warrant reversal. Mrs. Klines does
not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence to support her conviction. We affirm.1
1
Pursuant to Arkansas Supreme Court Rule 4-2(a)(5), the appellant’s abstract shall
include material parts of the transcript containing information essential for the appellate court
to understand the case and decide the issues on appeal. We find Ms. Klines’s abstract to be
Cite as 2010 Ark. App. 361
At the jury trial, the State produced evidence that the victim, Brenda, is moderately
mentally retarded and functions at a second-grade level. Mrs. Klines and her co-defendants
forced Brenda to sleep in a locked camper trailer at night that was not equipped with
plumbing or electricity. She was given a bucket to use as a toilet. As punishment for taking
food and not cleaning the house properly, Brenda was forced to stand for up to two hours
on her tiptoes or on one leg. Evidence also showed that they hit the bottoms of Brenda’s feet
with a board. When Brenda was hospitalized after the abuse was discovered she had
numerous fresh injuries, with her body covered in bruises and severe swelling of both ears.
Appellant’s first assignment of error occurred during her cross-examination of
Investigating Officer Shawn Hildreth. Her counsel was questioning Officer Hildreth about
the police request for the suspects to come to the police station. Appellant’s counsel asked
whether the suspects were advised that they did not have to come to the station if they did
not want to, and the trial court sustained the State’s objection to the question. Mrs. Klines
argues that the question should have been permitted because she was testing the credibility
of the officer and this cross-examination was important to the defense. Appellant cites
Winfrey v. State, 293 Ark. 342, 738 S.W.2d 391 (1987), where the supreme court held that
deficient because, while she has abstracted the objectionable portions of the trial in isolation,
they are out of context and significantly more testimony should have been abstracted for a
complete understanding of the case and the issues raised on appeal. However, we are allowed
to go to the record to affirm, Carroll v. State, 2009 Ark. App. 610, S.W.3d , and we have
done so in this case.
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Cite as 2010 Ark. App. 361
it is constitutional error to deny a defendant the right to expose to the jury the facts from
which jurors could appropriately draw inferences relating to the reliability of a witness.
We review matters concerning the scope of cross-examination under an abuse-ofdiscretion standard. Holloway v. State, 363 Ark. 254, 213 S.W.3d 663 (2005). The use of
cross-examination is an important tool in bringing the facts before the jury and wide latitude
should be afforded by the trial court. Id. That being said, a trial court must determine when
the matter has been sufficiently developed and when the outer limits of cross-examination
have been reached, and unless the trial court’s discretion has been abused, we will not reverse.
Id. Additionally, we will not reverse an evidentiary ruling absent a showing of prejudice.
McKeever v. State, 367 Ark. 374, 240 S.W.3d 583 (2006).
We hold that the trial court committed no abuse of discretion in limiting appellant’s
cross-examination in this regard. As the trial court recognized, the issue of whether the
suspects had been informed that they could refuse to report to the police station had no
bearing on the jury’s determination of appellant’s guilt or innocence. Whether or not this
information had been supplied by the police might arguably be a factor in deciding whether
to suppress appellant’s statements to the police, but Mrs. Klines never moved to suppress her
statements and that is not an issue on appeal. The desired testimony did not go to the
credibility of the witness and was not relevant, and therefore the trial court committed no
error in sustaining the State’s objection to the question.
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Cite as 2010 Ark. App. 361
Mrs. Klines next asserts that the trial court erred during a subsequent exchange with
Officer Hildreth on cross-examination. The following colloquy occurred:
DEFENSE COUNSEL:
OFFICER HILDRETH:
DEFENSE COUNSEL:
OFFICER HILDRETH:
DEFENSE COUNSEL:
[Y]our original testimony was that she was made
to stand on one leg for an hour, but that’s not
really what you meant. You meant that she was
ordered to stand in the corner for an hour.
No sir. If I said stand in the corner, somebody
might have stated she was made to stand in the
corner. But also they stated that she was made to
stand on one leg.
But you also said that you tried and you couldn’t
do it for over thirteen minutes.
No, sir, I sure couldn’t. I said before my leg
started cramping. I don’t know if I’m in better
shape. I don’t know if I’m in better health.
Better health and physical condition are two
different things, sir. We’re talking about physical
conditioning, right?
What other conditioning are we talking about? .
. . Now, we’re going to split hairs in front of the
jury. Is that what you’re going to do?
....
TRIAL COURT:
DEFENSE COUNSEL:
TRIAL COURT:
Mr. Howard, stop arguing with the witness.
I’m trying to judge his credibility.
You’re doing more than that. Ask a question.
Mrs. Klines submits that the comments of the trial court in restricting his cross-examination
most likely impressed upon the jury that her counsel was doing something inappropriate,
when her counsel was merely trying to vigorously represent appellant. However, we hold
that no abuse of discretion occurred here. The trial court properly directed appellant’s
counsel to stop arguing with the witness, and after that admonition appellant’s counsel
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Cite as 2010 Ark. App. 361
continued to extensively question Officer Hildreth about his attempt to stand on one leg.
The trial court committed no error and Mrs. Klines suffered no prejudice.
Mrs. Klines next directs us to her counsel’s cross-examination of DHS worker Denise
Smith. Ms. Smith was asked whether she intended to call the police before they went to
investigate appellant’s house, and Ms. Smith started to testify about what another DHS
employee had told her, which drew a hearsay objection from counsel of a co-defendant.
Appellant’s counsel also asserted that the witness’s answer was unresponsive to the question,
but the trial court overruled the objections to the testimony. Mrs. Klines merely mentions
the objection and ruling in her brief, but makes no argument that the ruling was error nor
cites any authority to show that error occurred. We will not consider issues that are not
supported by citation to authority or convincing argument. Small v. State, 371 Ark. 244, 264
S.W.3d 512 (2007). Moreover, even if error did occur there was no prejudice because
despite the trial court’s ruling Ms. Smith never went on to testify as to what her co-worker
had told her.
Mrs. Klines next challenges the trial court’s actions during her counsel’s crossexamination of Dr. David Foscue, who treated the victim’s injuries. Dr. Foscue testified that
he thought the victim had not been forthright in some of the things she had told him, noting
that she admitted to him that she was afraid to go home. Appellant objected that this was
speculation, and the objection was overruled. Later, after Dr. Foscue stated he was thankful
not to have found any hematomas, appellant’s counsel said, “Would you just answer my
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Cite as 2010 Ark. App. 361
question and quit adding this commentary about you were grateful . . . and she was blessed
and all of that?” The State objected, and the trial court advised appellant’s counsel to stop
arguing with the witness. Mrs. Klines now argues that the statements by the trial court could
have impressed upon the jury that her counsel’s questions were not important and could have
convinced the jury that she was guilty.
Mrs. Klines has failed to demonstrate that any error occurred during her crossexamination of Dr. Foscue. Although Dr. Foscue stated that the victim had not been
forthright with him, he did not specifically identify any misleading representations that she
had made to him. And he further testified that the victim had told him she was afraid to go
home because she “didn’t want to get a whupping.” Thus, any speculation on the doctor’s
part had no influence on the outcome of the trial. Furthermore, appellant fails to show how
any of the comments made by the trial court were likely to convince the jury of her guilt.
Finally, Mrs. Klines argues that the multiple errors of the trial court had a cumulative
effect of influencing the jury, and that all of them taken together warrant reversal of her
conviction. However, this argument is not preserved for review. For a cumulative-error
argument to be upheld on appeal, the appellant must show that there were objections to each
alleged error and that a cumulative-error objection was made to the trial court and a ruling
obtained. Brown v. State, 368 Ark. 344, 246 S.W.3d 414 (2007). Because Mrs. Klines made
no cumulative-error objection at trial, we need not address this argument.
Affirmed.
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Cite as 2010 Ark. App. 361
KINARD and MARSHALL, JJ., agree.
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