Barnett v. State
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Cite as 2009 Ark. App. 153 (unpublished)
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION II
No. CACR 08-1007
GLENDLE WAYNE BARNETT
APPELLANT
Opinion Delivered March 4, 2009
V.
APPEAL FROM THE ARKANSAS
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
[NO. CR-2007-0271]
STATE OF ARKANSAS
HONORABLE DAVID G. HENRY,
JUDGE
APPELLEE
AFFIRMED
COURTNEY HUDSON HENRY, Judge
In a bench trial, the Arkansas County Circuit Court found appellant Glendle Wayne
Barnett guilty of second-degree sexual assault and sentenced him to a term of eight years in
prison. For reversal, appellant argues that the evidence is insufficient to sustain the court’s
finding of guilt and that the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress the statements
he made to the police. We find no error, and we affirm.
The record reflects that appellant and Becky Jenkins became romantically involved
sometime in 2004. During the relationship, Ms. Jenkins and her two children, M.M. and
Z.M., lived with appellant in Ward. Appellant and Ms. Jenkins ended their relationship on
fairly good terms. In the summer of 2007, Ms. Jenkins spent the month of July in jail on
drug-related charges. After her release, Ms. Jenkins made contact with appellant, who was
living in Stuttgart. Having no place to stay, she and the children spent an evening with
appellant. On Sunday, August 5, 2007, appellant agreed to babysit the children for Ms.
Jenkins, and he kept them until Tuesday, August 7.
Ms. Jenkins testified that the children were alone when she returned to get them. She
said that her daughter, M.M., was crying and that M.M. disclosed something “alarming.”
Ms. Jenkins said that her son, Z.M., confirmed M.M.’s statements, which prompted her to
take the children to the Lonoke County Sheriff’s Department. At the sheriff’s office, they
advised her to take M.M. to the Jacksonville Hospital for an examination.
Z.M., who was ten years old, testified that, at bedtime on Sunday night, appellant told
M.M. to get into the bed and to remove her pajama bottoms, leaving her clothed in a t-shirt
and panties. He said that M.M. did not want to sleep with appellant but that appellant said
to her, “Get in the bed or I’m going to whoop you.” Z.M. was to sleep on the floor by the
bed, and he witnessed appellant remove his underwear. Z.M. related that he heard M.M.
exclaim “stop it” three or four times and that she got out of bed and went into the bathroom.
He said that appellant told her to come back to bed with him, but that M.M. refused, and that
she stayed with Z.M. on the floor the remainder of the night.
M.M., then age twelve, testified that appellant told her to remove her pants and that
appellant removed his underwear when he was in the bed. M.M. testified that appellant was
trying to touch her private area and that appellant “put his hand on my pants and rubbed me.”
M.M. said that she told appellant “no” and that she moved to the floor with her brother when
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appellant would not stop.
Barbara Foster treated M.M. in the emergency room at the hospital in Jacksonville.
Ms. Foster testified that M.M. related that appellant had touched her through her pajamas and
had placed his hands in her pants. She observed that M.M.’s hymen was intact and saw no
signs of bruising or trauma, which Ms. Foster said was consistent with M.M.’s account of
what happened. Ms. Foster placed a call to the Arkansas State Police Child Abuse Hotline.
Denore Paladino, an investigator with the state-police division dedicated to crimes
against children, interviewed M.M. and Z.M. individually on August 8, 2007. During the
interview, M.M. related that appellant told her to remove her pajamas and threatened to
“whoop” her if she did not comply. M.M. reported that she had her panties on when she got
into bed and that appellant touched her breast and her private area through her clothing.
M.M. reported to Paladino that she repeatedly told appellant to stop, that she then went to the
bathroom, and afterwards slept on the floor with her brother. Paladino stated that Z.M.’s
version of the events matched the account given by M.M.
Next, Rick Newton of the Arkansas State Police testified that he was in his office at
the sheriff’s department in Stuttgart on August 8, 2007, when he overheard appellant making
a complaint to the sheriff about his ex-girlfriend breaking the windshield on his vehicle.
Newton also heard appellant advise the sheriff that his ex-girlfriend might pursue molestation
charges against him. As Newton passed by them to get a cup of coffee, the sheriff told
appellant that Newton dealt with sex-based crimes. Newton said that appellant then asked
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to speak with him. Newton testified that appellant initiated the conversation, which Newton
recorded on a video camera. He further testified that he knew nothing about M.M.’s
allegation until appellant brought it to his attention that day.
In the statement, appellant told Newton that, on the evening in question, M.M. was
wearing shorts and a t-shirt and climbed into bed with him because it was hot. Appellant
advised that, while he was sleeping, he rolled over and his hand landed on M.M.’s private
area. Appellant stated that he woke up and realized that his hand was there and that he
removed it after a second or two. Later in the statement, appellant said that, while he was
asleep, he had his hand on her private area and that he rubbed it before he awakened.
Appellant stated that, about thirty minutes later, he rolled over again and his hand was on her
bottom. Appellant said that he then made M.M. sleep on the floor with her brother.
Appellant denied touching M.M. underneath her clothing and said that he experienced no
sexual gratification from touching M.M. Newton drafted a synopsis of appellant’s statement
and read it to him. Appellant signed the statement and wrote that it was “true and correct.”
Newton further testified that appellant appeared unannounced at the sheriff’s office
the next day and asked to speak with him again. By this time, Newton was in possession of
the investigative report that was prepared by the state police and given to the prosecuting
attorney. In this conversation, which was also recorded, appellant held firm to the version
of events he recounted the previous day, adding only that he had forgotten to mention that
M.M. had gone to the bathroom. This interview ended when appellant advised Newton that
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he had spoken with an attorney. Afterwards, Newton placed appellant under arrest.
After the State rested, appellant testified in his own defense. He stated that the
children were both sleeping on the floor and that he realized that M.M. was in bed with him
when he rolled over and hit her in the stomach. Appellant testified that he made her get out
of the bed and that she went to the bathroom. He said that he rolled over again thirty minutes
later and hit her on the backside and then told her to stay off the bed and not to get in bed
with him again. Appellant testified that he did not touch the child’s private parts, and with
regard to his statements to Officer Newton, appellant said that Newton had put words in his
mouth.
Appellant further testified that he and Ms. Jenkins had sex the night she spent
with him after her release from jail. He said that he later received a text message from her
threatening him if he did not give her twenty dollars “for a good time.”
Martin Barnett, appellant’s brother, testified that he had a conversation with Ms.
Jenkins sometime after August 8, 2007. He said that Ms. Jenkins started giggling while she
was telling him about the alleged abuse. Mr. Barnett also testified that Ms. Jenkins urged a
friend of hers to break appellant’s windshield.
Appellant moved for dismissal at the end of the State’s evidence and again at the close
of all the evidence. The trial court denied those motions, and the court rendered a finding
of guilt on the charge of second-degree sexual assault. Appellant first argues on appeal that
the evidence is not sufficient to support the trial court’s finding.
As pertinent here, a person commits second-degree sexual assault if the person, being
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eighteen years of age or older, engages in sexual contact with another person who is less than
fourteen years of age and who is not his spouse. Ark. Code Ann. § 5-14-125(a)(3)(A)–(B)
(Repl. 2006). The term “sexual contact” means any act of sexual gratification involving the
touching, directly or through clothing, of the sex organs, buttocks, or anus of a person, or the
breast of a female. Ark. Code Ann. § 5-14-101(9) (Repl. 2006).
As to his challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, appellant contends that the State
failed to prove that sexual contact occurred or, if there was any touching, that it was an act
of sexual gratification. The State asserts that appellant’s arguments are not preserved for
appeal because his motions to dismiss lacked specificity. The State’s point is well-taken.
Pursuant to Rule 33.1(b) of the Arkansas Rules of Criminal Procedure (2008), a
criminal defendant in a bench trial must challenge the sufficiency of the evidence by raising
a motion to dismiss. Rule 33.1(b) also requires the defendant to specifically advise the trial
court as to how the evidence is deficient. See Smith v. State, 367 Ark. 274, 239 S.W.3d 494
(2006). When a motion to dismiss does not identify particular or specific elements of proof
that are missing from the State’s case, the motion fails to properly apprise the trial court of
the asserted error. See Tyron v. State, 371 Ark. 25, 263 S.W.3d 475 (2007). A general
motion that merely asserts that the State has failed to prove its case is not adequate to
preserve the issue for appeal. See Davis v. State, 97 Ark. App. 6, 242 S.W.3d 630 (2006).
The reason underlying this requirement for specific grounds to be stated and for the absent
proof to be pinpointed is that it allows the trial court the option of either granting the motion
or, if justice requires, allowing the State to reopen its case to supply the missing proof.
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Gillard v. State, 373 Ark. 98, 270 S.W.3d 836 (2008). A further reason that the motion must
be specific is that the appellate court may not decide an issue for the first time on appeal and
cannot afford relief that is not first sought in the trial court. Lamb v. State, 372 Ark. 277, 275
S.W.3d 144 (2008).
Here, appellant moved for dismissal at the conclusion of the
State’s case by saying, “Your Honor, at the [sic] time the defense would make a motion for
directed verdict, which the State has not proved the case beyond a reasonable doubt. And
that – we would ask for a dismissal of the charges.” At the close of the case, appellant
renewed this motion without offering any additional argument. Because appellant’s motion
was general and did not inform the trial court of any specific deficiencies in the State’s proof,
the issues that appellant raises on appeal are not preserved for our review. Therefore, we
cannot address his arguments challenging the sufficiency of the evidence.
In his reply brief, appellant asserts that, if we determine that trial counsel’s motion to
dismiss was inadequate, then we should summarily hold that trial counsel was ineffective as
a matter of law. We decline to address that issue as well. If trial counsel failed in his duty,
appellant must assert that point in a Rule 37 petition; he cannot raise the issue of ineffective
assistance of counsel for the first time on appeal. Ratchford v. State, 357 Ark. 27, 159
S.W.3d 304 (2004).
Appellant’s next argument concerns the trial court’s denial of his motion to suppress
the two statements he made to Officer Newton. Appellant contends that the trial court erred
by not granting the motion because Officer Newton failed to apprise appellant of the
warnings required by Miranda.
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In reviewing a trial court’s ruling denying a motion to suppress a confession, we make
an independent determination based upon the totality of the circumstances. Wedgeworth v.
State, 374 Ark. 373, 288 S.W.3d 234 (2008). We review the trial court’s findings of fact for
clear error, and the ultimate question of whether the confession was voluntary is subject to
an independent, or de novo, determination by this court. Clark v. State, 374 Ark. 292, 287
S.W.3d 567 (2008). The ruling will be reversed only if it is clearly against the preponderance
of the evidence. Grillot v. State, 353 Ark. 294, 107 S.W.3d 136 (2003).
Miranda warnings are only required in the context of custodial interrogation. Wofford
v. State, 330 Ark. 8, 952 S.W.2d 646 (1997). A person is “in custody” for purposes of
Miranda warnings when he is deprived of his freedom by formal arrest or restraint on
freedom of movement of the degree associated with formal arrest. Hall v. State, 361 Ark.
379, 206 S.W.3d 830 (2005). In resolving the question of whether a suspect was in custody
at a particular time, the only relevant inquiry is how a reasonable man in the suspect’s shoes
would have understood his situation. Wofford v. State, supra. The initial determination of
custody depends on the objective circumstances of the interrogation, not on the subjective
views harbored by either the interrogating officers or the person being interrogated. Id.
The trial court found that appellant was not “in custody” for purposes of Miranda
when either of the statements were made. Our review of the record convinces us that the trial
court’s ruling is not clearly against the preponderance of the evidence. Without question,
appellant voluntarily and of his own accord presented himself at the sheriff’s department the
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day he made the first statement. The record further shows that appellant asked to speak with
Officer Newton, who at that time had no knowledge about the charges. Appellant’s freedom
of movement was not curtailed in any way, and he left the sheriff’s department after making
the first statement. Appellant also appeared at the sheriff’s office the next day of his own
volition and once again asked to speak with Newton. The record does not show that
appellant was detained or restrained while he spoke with Newton. Although Newton
undoubtedly considered appellant a suspect by that time, the Miranda warnings are not
required simply because the questioned person is one whom the police suspect. Hall v. State,
supra. The totality of the circumstances do not support a conclusion that appellant was in
custody when the statements were made. Accordingly, we affirm the denial of the motion
to suppress.
Affirmed.
H ART and G LOVER, JJ., agree.
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