Thomsen v. Ark. Dep't of Human Servs.
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Cite as 2009 Ark. App. 687
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION I
CA09-610
No.
Opinion Delivered
AMANDA THOMSEN
APPELLANT
V.
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF
HUMAN SERVICES
APPELLEE
OCTOBER 21, 2009
APPEAL FROM THE WASHINGTON
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
[NO. JV08-451-3]
HONORABLE STACEY
ZIMMERMAN, JUDGE
AFFIRMED
JOHN B. ROBBINS, Judge
The Washington County Circuit Court terminated appellant’s parental rights to L.S.
(born July 24, 2000), L.E. (born October 24, 2001), K.T. (born February 2, 2004), and N.T.
(born December 6, 2005). For reversal, appellant argues that the circuit court erred in finding
that termination was in the children’s best interest and in finding that the Arkansas
Department of Human Services (“DHS”) made a meaningful effort to reunite her with the
children. We affirm.
On April 22, 2008, DHS placed a seventy-two-hour hold on the children after
appellant’s husband, Gary Thomsen, was arrested for the rape of six-year-old L.E. DHS filed
a petition for emergency custody and an affidavit stating that appellant knew that Thomsen
Cite as 2009 Ark. App. 687
had exposed the children to pornography and had given them alcohol. The affidavit also
stated that DHS had been involved with appellant’s family in a protective-services case since
2005 and that appellant had not followed through with services for the children. On these
allegations, the circuit court granted emergency custody to DHS on April 23, 2008.
Approximately two weeks later, the court found probable cause to issue the
emergency-custody order and to maintain the children in DHS custody. The court granted
appellant one hour per week of supervised visitation and ordered appellant to cooperate with
DHS and follow court orders; to keep DHS informed of her place of residence; to maintain
contact with her attorney; to refrain from using illegal drugs or alcohol; to obtain and
maintain stable housing and employment; to maintain a clean, safe home; and to demonstrate
the ability to protect the children and keep them safe from harm.
On July 3, 2008, the court adjudicated the children dependent-neglected after finding
that the allegations in the DHS affidavit were true and correct. The court established a goal
of reunification and reiterated its previous directives to appellant. The court also ordered
appellant to undergo a psychological evaluation and follow recommendations; to participate
in individual counseling; to complete parenting classes and demonstrate improved, appropriate
parenting; and to follow through with her attempts to obtain disability benefits or a job.
A subsequent review order found appellant in partial compliance with the court’s
orders. The court continued the goal of reunification and emphasized that appellant should
call her DHS caseworker once a week and obtain employment.
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On December 3, 2008, the court held a permanency-planning hearing and changed
the goal of the case to termination of parental rights. The court found that, although appellant
had attended counseling and completed parenting classes, appellant could not “put into
practice what she should have learned,” despite three years of DHS services. The court noted
that appellant had not called her DHS caseworker once a week; that appellant had not
obtained employment; and that appellant’s mother, with whom appellant lived, could not pass
a DHS home study due to the mother’s own previous involvement with DHS. The court
scheduled a termination hearing for February 25, 2009, and ordered appellant to “get a job
by Jan 15th, 2009 and keep the job.”
The evidence at the termination hearing revealed that appellant had divorced Gary
Thomsen and was living with her mother, Teresa Bearden, and Bearden’s boyfriend, David
Turner. Bearden testified that appellant was unemployed and that Turner provided for the
family. Bearden also stated that appellant was pregnant by Turner’s brother, who was married
to another woman. Bearden said that she had frequently told appellant to “get rid of”
Thomsen but that, when appellant tried to do so, Thomsen would “sweet talk” his way back
into the home. Bearden admitted to having a long history with DHS, to abusing one of her
sons, and to sending appellant to live with a relative when appellant was sixteen.
Appellant testified that she lived with her mother and had applied for jobs without
success. She also stated that she was thirty-three weeks pregnant and had no relationship with
the baby’s father other than friendship. Appellant testified further that she had made Gary
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Thomsen leave her home in December 2007 (prior to the children being taken into custody)
but that DHS caseworker Darla Hash encouraged her to let Thomsen return, even after the
sexual-abuse allegations came to light. Appellant also stated that she wanted to participate in
family counseling and that Ms. Hash had arranged for it, apparently during the protectiveservices case, but that Gary Thomsen would not permit it.
Caseworker Darla Hash testified that DHS opened a protective-services case on
appellant’s family in 2005. Hash stated that DHS had provided numerous services to appellant
since that time, including transportation, Medicaid, Christmas gifts, food stamps, drug-andalcohol assessments, drug tests, psychological evaluations, daycare services, children’s
counseling, clothing, and supervised visitation. Hash also said that DHS offered intensive
family services and counseling to appellant during the protective-services case but that
appellant did not participate. In the present case, Hash stated, appellant underwent a
psychological evaluation, participated in individual counseling, took parenting classes, passed
her drug screens, and visited the children regularly. However, according to Hash, appellant
had no driver’s license or transportation, had no job or disability income, had no home of her
own, and was seven months pregnant. Hash also testified that appellant did not have a
Medicaid card and had not received prenatal care for her current pregnancy. Further, Hash
stated, DHS had denied a home study on appellant’s mother’s residence due to the mother’s
long history with DHS. Hash concluded that the mother’s home was not an appropriate place
for the children and that DHS could never close the protective-services case if the children
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were placed there.
Hash also testified that she may have told appellant that it was advisable for Gary
Thomsen to move back into the home, given that Thomsen paid all of the bills, took the
children to their appointments, and cooperated with the school. However, Hash stated
unequivocally that, if she did give such advice, she did so prior to Thomsen’s arrest on rape
charges. Finally, Hash testified that the children were adoptable and that it was in the
children’s best interest to terminate appellant’s parental rights.
DHS also introduced appellant’s psychological evaluation, which was performed by
Dr. Martin Faitak. According to the evaluation, appellant told Dr. Faitak that Gary Thomsen
began drinking and engaging in violent behavior in 2005 and that she tried to end her
relationship with him twice, including in December 2007. However, appellant reported
Thomsen would pay child support if he was in the home and that this encouraged her to
allow him to return. Dr. Faitak observed that appellant possessed some of the skills and
capacities normally required for parenting but that she demonstrated weakness and
dependence in relationships. The doctor also noted that appellant was physically healthy,
appropriately groomed, and a high-school graduate but that she had never held a regular job
or had a driver’s license and that she reported spending most of her time at her mother’s
house cleaning and watching television.
Other witnesses testified that appellant’s visits with the children were appropriate and
that the children were doing well in foster homes, other than K.T., who exhibited bizarre
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behavior and suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder. Additionally, appellant introduced
a report from her counselor, Kathleen Housley, which stated that appellant needed family
counseling with L.E. and L.S. before reunification could occur.
On March 19, 2009, the circuit court entered an order terminating appellant’s parental
rights to her four children. The court found that appellant had never been in full compliance
with court orders and that appellant did not have a job or her own place to live. The court
also found that appellant continued to show poor judgment in choosing men and continued
to have dependent relationships. The court ruled that termination was in the children’s best
interest and that the following grounds for termination were proved by clear and convincing
evidence: 1) the children were adjudicated dependent-neglected and had continued out of
appellant’s custody since April 22, 2008, and, despite meaningful efforts by DHS to
rehabilitate appellant and correct the conditions that caused removal, those conditions were
not remedied by appellant; 2) the children were adjudged dependent-neglected as a result of
neglect or abuse that could endanger their lives, sexual abuse, or sexual exploitation, any of
which was perpetrated by the children’s parent or parents; 3) other factors or issues arose
subsequent to the filing of the original dependency-neglect petition that demonstrated a
return of the children to appellant’s custody was contrary to their health, safety, or welfare and
that, despite the offer of appropriate family services, appellant manifested an incapacity or
indifference to remedying the subsequent issues or factors or rehabilitating her circumstances
that prevented returning the children to her. See Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(i)(a),
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(vi)(a), (vii)(a) (Supp. 2009). Appellant appeals from that order.
Termination of parental rights is an extreme remedy and in derogation of the natural
rights of the parents. Lee v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 102 Ark. App. 337, 285 S.W.3d 277
(2008). An order forever terminating parental rights shall be based upon a finding by clear and
convincing evidence that termination is in the child’s best interest and that at least one
statutory ground for termination exists. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(A), (B). When the
burden of proving a disputed fact is by clear and convincing evidence, the question on appeal
is whether the circuit court’s finding that the disputed fact was proved by clear and
convincing evidence is clearly erroneous, giving due regard to the opportunity of the circuit
court to judge the credibility of the witnesses. Lee, 102 Ark. App. 337, 285 S.W.3d 277. A
finding is clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing
court on the entire evidence is left with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been
made. Id. We review termination-of-parental-rights cases de novo. Id.
Appellant argues first that DHS presented insufficient evidence that termination was
in the children’s best interest. In deciding the best-interest question, the circuit court must
consider two factors: 1) the likelihood that the child will be adopted if parental rights are
terminated, and 2) the potential harm in returning the child to the parent. Ark. Code Ann.
§ 9-27-341(b)(3)(A). Appellant does not challenge DHS’s proof of the children’s adoptability.
Instead, she argues that DHS did not present sufficient evidence of potential harm.
We note at the outset that section 9-27-341(b)(3)(A) does not require DHS to prove
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potential harm by clear and convincing evidence; rather, the statute simply identifies potential
harm as a factor the circuit court must consider in its best-interest analysis. See Dowdy v. Ark.
Dep’t of Human Servs., 2009 Ark. App. 180, ___ S.W.3d ___; Lee, 102 Ark. App. 337, 285
S.W.3d 277. The circuit court’s obligation is to determine, after considering all factors,
whether there is clear and convincing evidence that termination is in the child’s best interest.
See McFarland v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 91 Ark. App. 323, 210 S.W.3d 143 (2005). The
circuit court is not required to affirmatively identify a potential harm or to find that actual
harm would result if the child were returned to the parent. Dowdy, 2009 Ark. App. 180, ___
S.W.3d ___. The potential-harm analysis is to be conducted in broad terms. Lee, 102 Ark.
App. 337, 285 S.W.3d 277.
In light of these standards, we cannot say that the circuit court clearly erred in finding
that termination was in the children’s best interest. Beginning in 2005, DHS offered appellant
numerous services. Yet, appellant did not profit from those services or fully participate in
them. In 2008, appellant failed to protect the children from harm by knowingly allowing
Gary Thomsen to expose them to pornography and give them alcohol. After the children
were removed from the home, the court repeatedly emphasized that appellant should obtain
suitable housing and employment. However, by the time of the termination hearing, ten
months into the case, appellant had not met, nor did she appear likely to meet, these basic
requirements for supporting herself and her children. The evidence shows that she had
virtually never been employed, that she spent her days at her mother’s housing cleaning and
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watching television, that she permitted her mother’s boyfriend to support her, and that she
was pregnant with another child whom she had no prospects of being able to support on her
own. Under these circumstances, we conclude that the circuit court was mindful of all factors
presented by the evidence and met its statutory duty to consider the potential harm in
returning the children to appellant. We therefore see no flaw in the court’s best-interest
analysis nor any reason for reversal on this point.
Appellant argues, however, that DHS “undermined” her by advising her to let Gary
Thomsen return home after she had evicted him. During appellant’s testimony, she went so
far as to say that caseworker Darla Hash gave her this advice after Thomsen had been charged
with raping one of the children. Hash denied this, and the circuit court found appellant’s
testimony in this regard completely incredible. We defer to the circuit court on such
credibility questions. See Posey v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 370 Ark. 500, 262 S.W.3d 159
(2007). Furthermore, even if Hash did recommend that appellant allow Thomsen to return
home during the protective-services case, she did so because Thomsen appeared to be the
more reliable party in terms of meeting day-to-day responsibilities. There is no evidence that,
at that point, Hash was aware of any inappropriate behavior by Thomsen towards the
children. In any event, we fail to understand how DHS’s recommendation regarding Gary
Thomsen during the protective-services case had any bearing on appellant’s failure, ten
months into the present case, to obtain appropriate housing or employment.
For her second point on appeal, appellant argues that the circuit court erred in finding
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that DHS made a meaningful effort to reunite her with her children. Specifically, appellant
contends that DHS should have provided her with family therapy, as recommended by one
of the children’s counselors and her own counselor, Kathleen Housley.
Appellant bases her “meaningful efforts” argument on the statutory ground for
termination found at Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(i)(a), which reads as follows:
That a juvenile has been adjudicated by the court to be dependent-neglected and has
continued out of the custody of the parent for twelve (12) months and, despite a
meaningful effort by the department to rehabilitate the parent and correct the conditions that
caused removal, those conditions have not been remedied by the parent.
(Emphasis added.) However, this ground does not apply to appellant because, at the time the
court entered the termination order, the children had not yet been out of appellant’s custody
for twelve months. Moreover, the order lists two other grounds for termination that do not
depend on the amount of time the children have been removed from the home, and appellant
challenges neither of those grounds. When an appellant fails to attack the trial court’s
independent, alternative basis for its ruling, we will not reverse. See Pugh v. State, 351 Ark.
5, 89 S.W.3d 909 (2002); Pearrow v. Feagin, 300 Ark. 274, 778 S.W.2d 941 (1989); Morehouse
v. Lawson, 90 Ark. App. 379, 206 S.W.3d 295 (2005); Camp v. State, 66 Ark. App. 134, 991
S.W.2d 611 (1999). In any event, the record contains evidence that appellant received
numerous services from DHS and that she previously declined to participate in family therapy
when it was offered.
For these reasons, we affirm the termination order.
Affirmed.
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MARSHALL and BAKER, JJ., agree.
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