State of WV et al. v. One (1) 1994 Dodge Truck
Annotate this Case
September 1996 Term
___________
No. 23376
___________
STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA and
BRIAN KEITH PURKEY, POLICE OFFICER -
BRIDGEPORT POLICE DEPARTMENT,
HARRISON COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA,
Plaintiffs Below, Appellees,
v.
ONE (1) 1994 DODGE TRUCK AUTOMOBILE,
VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER - 1B7KF26C8RS509386,
WEST VIRGINIA REGISTRATION NUMBER - NYM-628,
WITH ALL APPURTENANCES AND ATTACHMENTS THEREON,
Defendant Below, Appellant
THAD KENT CORDER,
Appellant
_______________________________________________________
Appeal from the Circuit Court of Harrison County
Honorable Thomas Bedell, Judge
Civil Action No. 95-P-6-2
AFFIRMED
_______________________________________________________
Submitted: September 18, 1996
Filed: October 15, 1996
Dawn E. Warfield
Deputy Attorney General
Charleston, West Virginia
Attorney for the Appellee
Thomas G. Dyer
Dyer Law Offices
Clarksburg, West Virginia
and
Katrina L. Gallagher
Waters, Warner & Harris
Clarksburg, West Virginia
Attorneys for the Appellant,
Thad Kent Corder
The Opinion of the Court was delivered PER CURIAM.
JUDGE RECHT sitting by temporary assignment.
SYLLABUS BY THE COURT
"West Virginia Code §§ 60A-7-703(a)(2) and (4) are not punitive for the
purposes of the guarantees against double jeopardy as expressed in the United States and
West Virginia Constitutions." Syllabus point 3, State v. Greene, ___ W.Va. ___, 473 S.E.2d 921 (1996).
Per Curiam:
This is an appeal by Thad Kent Corder from an order of the Circuit Court of
Harrison County authorizing the forfeiture of Mr. Corder's 1994 Dodge truck pursuant to the
provisions of W.Va. Code §§ 60A-7-703 and 60A-7-704. West Virginia Code § 60A-7-703
subjects to forfeiture vehicles used to facilitate the sale of controlled substances, and W.Va.
Code § 60A-7-704 prescribes certain procedures relating to the seizure and treatment of such
property.See footnote 1 Prior to the circuit court's ordering the forfeiture of Mr. Corder's vehicle, Mr. Corder had pled guilty to two counts of delivery of a controlled substance within one
thousand feet of a school. On appeal, Mr. Corder claims that the court's granting the State's
petition for civil forfeiture, after Mr. Corder had already pled guilty to the criminal acts
supporting the forfeiture, was unconstitutional under the double jeopardy provisions of the
Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. After reviewing the facts of the case and
the issues presented, this Court disagrees with Mr. Corder's assertion and affirms the action
of the circuit court in declaring the forfeiture.
The record in this case shows that on October 18, 1994, and October 27, 1994,
an undercover agent of a Harrison County Narcotics Task Force purchased marijuana from
Thad Kent Corder. At the time of the October 18, 1994 purchase, the informant was "wired"
with listening devices and was observed by Bridgeport police officers. The informant met
Mr. Corder in a parking lot beside Mr. Corder's truck, at which time Mr. Corder handed the
informant an clear plastic bag containing approximately a quarter of an ounce of marijuana.
At the time of the October 27, 1994 incident, the informant, who was again
wired and being observed by police officers, entered the cab of Mr. Corder's 1994 Dodge
pickup truck, and while he was in the truck the informant gave Mr. Corder $150.00 in
exchange for three plastic bags containing approximately three quarters of an ounce of
marijuana.
Pursuant to a search warrant issued on December 30, 1994, Mr. Corder's 1994
Dodge truck was seized by a Bridgeport police officer, Brian Keith Purkey.
Mr. Corder was subsequently indicted for two counts of delivery of a
controlled substance within one thousand feet of a school and one count of delivery of a
controlled substance. At the time the indictment was returned, the State filed a petition for
forfeiture of Mr. Corder's 1994 Dodge truck pursuant to the provisions of W.Va. Code
§§ 60A-7-703 and 60A-7-704 on the ground that the vehicle had "been used to transport or
in any manner facilitate the transportation, sale, receipt, possession or concealment of any
controlled substance" in violation of W.Va. Code § 60A-4-401.
On May 17, 1995, Mr. Corder pled guilty to the charges against him. On May
24, 1995, subsequent to Mr. Corder pleading guilty to the charges, an evidentiary hearing
was conducted in the Circuit Court of Harrison County on the State's petition for the civil
forfeiture of Mr. Corder's 1994 Dodge truck. The uncontroverted testimony at that hearing was that the 1994 Dodge truck had been used by Mr. Corder to transport and facilitate the
sale of controlled substances. Mr. Corder objected to the civil forfeiture solely on the ground
that forfeiture after his conviction was unconstitutional under the principles of double
jeopardy.
In spite of Mr. Corder's objections, the circuit court, as previously indicated,
declared a forfeiture of the 1994 Dodge truck. In the present proceeding, Mr. Corder again
claims that the circuit court's order violated the double jeopardy provisions of the Fifth
Amendment to the United States Constitution.
After the filing of Mr. Corder's appeal in this case, this Court, in State v.
Greene, ___ W.Va. ___, 473 S.E.2d 921 (1996), addressed the issue of whether a civil
forfeiture under the provisions of W.Va. Code § 60A-7-703 violates double jeopardy
principles when the owner of the property forfeited was also subjected to a clearly criminal
sanction.
In syllabus point 2 of State v. Greene, Id., the Court stated:
To determine whether a particular statutorily defined
penalty is civil or criminal for the purpose of double jeopardy
under Article III, § 5 of the West Virginia Constitution, we must
ask: (1) whether the Legislature, in establishing the penalizing
mechanism, indicated, either expressly or impliedly, that the
statutory penalty in question was intended to be civil or
criminal; and (2) where we find that the Legislature has indicated an intention to establish a civil penalty, whether the
statutory scheme was so punitive either in purpose or effect as
to negate that intention.
The Court also ruled, in syllabus point 3:
West Virginia Code §§ 60A-7-703(a)(2) and (4) are not
punitive for the purposes of the guarantees against double
jeopardy as expressed in the United States and West Virginia
Constitutions.
In reaching that conclusion, the Court examined the federal cases which upheld
21 U.S.C. § 881(a)(6) and (7). The Court noted that W.Va. Code § 60A-7-703(a)(2) and (4)
were substantially identical to the federal section upheld. The Court also concluded that the
relevant sections of West Virginia's forfeiture act had instructive, rather than punitive,
effects.
This Court believes that the present case is governed by the holding in State
v. Greene, supra, and that, as a consequence, Mr. Corder's claim that the seizure of his
Dodge truck violated the double jeopardy provisions of the United States Constitution is
without merit.
The judgment of the Circuit Court of Harrison County is, therefore, affirmed.
Affirmed.
Footnote: 1
The relevant provision of W.Va. Code § 60A-7-703 states:
(a) The following are subject to forfeiture:
(1) All controlled substances which have been
manufactured, distributed, dispensed or possessed in violation
of this chapter;
* * *
(4) All conveyances, including aircraft, vehicles or
vessels, which are used, have been used, or are intended for use,
to transport, or in any manner to facilitate the transportation,
sale, receipt, possession or concealment of property described
in subdivision (1) or (2), except that:
(i) No conveyance used by any person as a common
carrier in the transaction of business as a common carrier shall
be forfeited under this section unless it appears that the person
owning such conveyance is a consenting party or privy to a
violation of this chapter;
(ii) No conveyance shall be forfeited under the provisions
of this article if the person owning such conveyance establishes
that he neither knew, nor had reason to know, that such
conveyance was being employed or was likely to be employed
in a violation of this chapter; and
(iii) No bona fide security interest or other valid lien in any conveyance shall be forfeited under the provisions of this article, unless the state proves by a preponderance of the evidence that the holder of such security interest or lien either knew, or had reason to know, that such conveyance was being used or was likely to be used in a violation of this chapter; . . . .
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