Davis v. Kidd
Annotate this Case
September 1996 Term
___________
No. 23255
___________
RUSSELL DAVIS AND JUANITA DAVIS,
HUSBAND AND WIFE,
Plaintiffs Below, Appellants
v.
JANE A. KIDD,
Defendant Below, Appellee
___________________________________________________
Appeal from the Circuit Court of Wood County
Honorable Jeffrey B. Reed, Judge
Civil Action No. 92-C-1335
AFFIRMED
___________________________________________________
Submitted: September 11, 1996
Filed: November 18, 1996
James M. Casey
Point Pleasant, West Virginia
Attorney for the Appellants
John E. Triplett, Jr.
Theisen, Brock, Frye, Erb & Leeper
Marietta, Ohio
Attorney for the Appellee
This Opinion was delivered PER CURIAM.
JUDGE RECHT sitting by temporary assignment.
SYLLABUS BY THE COURT
"Dismissal under Rule 4(l) of the West Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure is
mandatory in a case in which good cause for the lack of service is not shown, and a plaintiff
whose case is subject to dismissal for noncompliance with Rule 4(l) has two options to avoid
the consequences of the dismissal: (1) To timely show good cause for not having effected
service of the summons and complaint, or (2) to refile the action before any time defenses
arise and timely effect service under the new complaint." Syl. pt. 3, State ex rel. Charleston
Area Medical Center v. Kaufman, ___ W. Va. ___, 475 S.E.2d 374 (1996).
Per Curiam:
This action is before this CourtSee footnote 1 upon appeal from the final order of the Circuit
Court of Wood County, West Virginia, entered on March 10, 1995. Pursuant to that order,
the circuit court dismissed the complaint of the appellants, Russell Davis and Jaunita Davis,
against the appellee, Jane A. Kidd, without prejudice. The circuit court dismissed the
complaint pursuant to Rule 4(l) of the West Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure, concerning
the 180-day requirement for service of the complaint in a civil action.
This Court has before it the petition for appeal, all matters of record and the
briefs of counsel. For the reasons stated below, the final order of the circuit court is affirmed.
I
On May 11, 1991, an automobile accident occurred in Parkersburg, Wood
County, West Virginia. The appellants' car was driven by Jaunita Davis. Russell Davis was
a passenger therein. According to the appellants, their automobile was negligently struck by
an automobile driven by the appellee, resulting in personal injuries to the appellants. The
appellee was a resident of the State of Ohio.
In June 1991, an attorney for the appellants began contact with State Farm
Insurance Company, the appellee's insurance carrier. Thereafter, on December 24, 1992, an
action was filed against the appellee concerning the accident. When the action was filed, the
appellants' attorney made no request for service of process upon the appellee. Rather, the
attorney for the appellants resumed his discussions with State Farm. As reflected in the
correspondence included in the record, by April 1993 the appellants' attorney and State Farm
were unable to reach an agreement in settlement of the action.
On May 7, 1993, the circuit clerk of Wood County was requested by the
appellants' attorney to serve the appellee through the office of the West Virginia Secretary
of State.See footnote 2 On July 21, 1993, however, the Secretary of State's office notified the circuit clerk
that no service could be completed because a forwarding order upon the appellee's mailing
address, utilized by the federal post office, had expired.
Thereafter, the appellants obtained new counsel, and that counsel renewed
settlement negotiations with State Farm and also hired an investigator to locate the
whereabouts of the appellee for service of process in the action.
Nevertheless, on December 21, 1993, the office of the circuit clerk notified the
appellants that the action was to be dismissed under Rule 4(l) of the Rules of Civil Procedure
for failure of service of process. The appellants' attorney filed a response, however, noting,
inter alia, the change in appellants' counsel, and the circuit judge directed the circuit clerk
to maintain the action upon the docket.
On April 21, 1994, the circuit clerk issued a summons and a copy of the
complaint at the request of the appellants' attorney for service upon the appellee. On April
28, 1994, the appellee was personally served with process in the action. It should be noted
that the service on April 28, 1994, upon the appellee took place some 490 days after the
filing of the complaint on December 24, 1992.
In May 1994, the appellee filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 4(l). As
reflected in the final order of March 10, 1995, the circuit court granted the appellee's motion,
and the complaint of the appellants was dismissed without prejudice. This appeal followed.
II
As stated above, the appellants' complaint was dismissed pursuant to Rule 4(l)
of the West Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure. Rule 4(l) provides:
Summons: Time limit for service. - If service of the summons
and complaint is not made upon a defendant within 180 days
after the filing of the complaint and the party on whose behalf such service was required cannot show good cause why such
service was not made within that period, the action shall be
dismissed as to that defendant without prejudice upon the court's
own initiative with notice to such party or upon motion.
The federal counterpart of Rule 4(l) is Rule 4(m) of the Federal Rules of Civil
Procedure. According to the official commentary to Rule 4(m), "it was thought advisable
to put some kind of stated cap on the time for serving the summons."
Here, the appellants contend that they had good cause for not serving the
summons and complaint within the 180-day period specified in Rule 4(l), and, therefore, the
circuit court committed error in dismissing the complaint. Specifically, the appellants assert
that they established good cause below for the delay of service by showing (1) that they had
a change of counsel after the complaint was filed, (2) that they pursued settlement
negotiations with the appellee's insurance carrier during the period of delaySee footnote 3 and (3) that the appellants hired an investigator who ultimately determined the appellee's whereabouts for
service of process. Moreover, the appellants assert that the appellee was not prejudiced by
the delay of service.
The appellee, on the other hand, contends that the circuit court acted correctly
in dismissing the complaint, inasmuch as the appellants failed to establish good cause to
exempt them from the 180-day requirement and because prejudice to the appellee is not a
proper consideration under Rule 4(l). In so contending, the appellee relies, primarily, upon
the memorandum of opinion of the circuit court filed in support of the final order.
In its memorandum, the circuit court stated that a plaintiff, in establishing good
cause to excuse late service, must set forth specific facts to show why service was not
completed within the time period designated by the Rule. First, the circuit court, in the
memorandum, indicated that, here, good cause was not shown by the change of appellants'
counsel, since each of the two attorneys employed by the appellants allowed separate periods
of more than 180 days to elapse prior to the ultimate service of the appellee on April 28,
1994. Second, the circuit court indicated that good cause was not shown with regard to the
settlement negotiations with the appellee's insurance carrier because such negotiations are
not relevant to a plaintiff's obligation to complete service within the time period provided in
Rule 4(l), and, in any event, the settlement negotiations in this action had effectively
terminated in April 1993, long before the appellee was served. Third, the circuit court, in the
memorandum, stated that, although the hiring of an investigator to locate the appellee may
have been "the beginning of establishing good cause" for the delay of service, no explanation was offered as to why it took the investigator "from the fall of 1993 until early April 1994"
to locate the appellee, especially in view of the absence of an allegation that the appellee had
attempted to evade service of process in this action. Finally, the circuit court stated that the
allegation of lack of prejudice to the appellee, in spite of the delay of service, was not a
relevant consideration under Rule 4(l), especially where, as here, the appellants failed to act
diligently.
In response to the circuit court's reasoning, the appellants cite Gray v. Johnson,
165 W. Va. 156, 267 S.E.2d 615 (1980), a case involving dismissals under Rule 41(b) of the
West Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure for failure to prosecute.See footnote 4 In Gray, a complaint for recovery for personal injuries was filed in the circuit court in June 1973, but service upon
the nonresident defendant was not completed until August 1974. As the appellants herein
emphasize, this Court stated, in Gray, that "a plaintiff must have an address for a nonresident
motorist defendant; otherwise, [the] defendant is not available for service." 165 W. Va. at
161, 267 S.E.2d at 618. Nevertheless, also stating that a plaintiff must be diligent in
attempting to serve the defendant, this Court remanded the action in Gray to the circuit court
for a hearing to determine whether the plaintiff had been dilatory.
In the action now before us, the complaint was dismissed pursuant to Rule 4(l).
Rule 41(b) was not involved. However, under both rules, the 180-day period specified in
Rule 4(l) and the admonition concerning Rule 41(b) expressed in Gray, a plaintiff must
exercise some diligence in serving a nonresident defendant. As stated in Stevens v. Saunders,
159 W. Va. 179, 187, 220 S.E.2d 887, 892 (1975): "[I]t is a well established rule that the
plaintiff or his attorney bears the responsibility to see that an action is properly instituted [.]"
Recently, in State ex rel. Charleston Area Medical Center v. Kaufman, ___
W. Va. ___, 475 S.E.2d 374 (1996), this Court considered the dismissal of an action under
Rule 4(l) for a 370-day delay in serving the defendant with process. Although the circuit
court, in Charleston Area Medical Center, reinstated the action, this Court prohibited further
proceedings therein, "unless the plaintiff . . . is properly found [by the circuit court] to have
shown good cause under Rule 4(l) why the action should not be dismissed." ___ W. Va. at
___, 475 S.E.2d at 382. Recognizing, in Charleston Area Medical Center, that "by and large,
courts have not considered that ongoing settlement negotiations excuse compliance with Rule 4(l) [and] that mere inadvertence, neglect, misunderstanding, or ignorance of the rule or its
burden do not constitute good cause under Rule 4(l)," ___ W. Va. at ___, 475 S.E.2d at 380,
381, this Court held in syllabus point 3:
Dismissal under Rule 4(l) of the West Virginia Rules of
Civil Procedure is mandatory in a case in which good cause for
the lack of service is not shown, and a plaintiff whose case is
subject to dismissal for noncompliance with Rule 4(l) has two
options to avoid the consequences of the dismissal: (1) To
timely show good cause for not having effected service of the
summons and complaint, or (2) to refile the action before any
time defenses arise and timely effect service under the new
complaint.
Although this Court's decision in Charleston Area Medical Center was filed
subsequent to the events of this action, that decision was, essentially, a confirmation of the
clear import of Rule 4(l) that, in the absence of a good cause exception, an action shall be
dismissed for failure to complete service within 180 days. Clearly, the analysis of the circuit
court, in the memorandum of opinion, is consistent with the provisions of Rule 4(l) and our
later ruling in Charleston Area Medical Center. Moreover, the facts set forth in the record
support the circuit court's final order. In particular, the complaint filed by the appellants
indicated that the appellee was a nonresident living in Woodsfield, Ohio, and, as the circuit
court found, there was no allegation that the appellee attempted to avoid service of process.
In addition, a letter dated April 23, 1993, from the appellants' original counsel to State Farm
during settlement negotiations acknowledged that the appellee had not been served with
process. The delay following that letter continued well into 1994. The service of process upon the appellee on April 28, 1994, took place some 490 days after the filing of the
complaint.
In syllabus point 2 of State ex rel. McGraw v. Scott Runyan Pontiac-Buick,
194 W. Va. 770, 461 S.E.2d 516 (1995), this Court held: "Appellate review of a circuit
court's order granting a motion to dismiss a complaint is de novo." See also syl. pt. 2,
Randolph County Board of Education v. Adams, 196 W. Va. 9, 467 S.E.2d 150 (1995).
However, in view of the several factual determinations made by the circuit court in the
circumstances of this action, we also note this Court's observation in Phillips v. Fox, 193 W.
Va. 657, 661, 458 S.E.2d 327, 331 (1995), that our review of a circuit court's factual findings
is ordinarily under a "clearly erroneous" standard. See also Magaha v. Magaha, 196 W. Va.
187, ___, 469 S.E.2d 123, 126 (1996).
Unlike the circumstances in Charleston Area Medical Center, which required
a subsequent evidentiary hearing concerning the issue of good cause, further proceedings in
this action to determine the existence of good cause under Rule 4(l) are unnecessary. Here,
the facts concerning the delay in service of process were thoroughly expiscated or "fished
out" by the circuit court. Maxey v. Maxey, 195 W. Va. 158, 159, 464 S.E.2d 800, 801
(1995). The circuit court's memorandum of opinion is well-reasoned. Accordingly, upon
all of the above, the final order of the Circuit Court of Wood County, entered on March 10,
1995, is affirmed.
Affirmed.
Footnote: 1
The Honorable Arthur M. Recht resigned as Justice of the West Virginia
Supreme Court of Appeals effective October 15, 1996. The Honorable Gaston Caperton,
Governor of the State of West Virginia, appointed him Judge of the First Judicial Circuit on
that same date. Pursuant to an administrative order entered by this Court on October 15,
1996, Judge Recht was assigned to sit as a member of the West Virginia Supreme Court of
Appeals commencing October 15, 1996 and continuing until further order of this Court.
Footnote: 2
With regard to actions against nonresident operators of motor vehicles, such
as the appellee in these circumstances, W. Va. Code, 56-3-31 [1990], provides:
Every nonresident, for the privilege of operating a motor
vehicle on a public street, road or highway of this state, either
personally or through an agent, appoints the secretary of state,
or his or her successor in office, to be his or her agent or
attorney-in-fact upon whom may be served all lawful process in
any action or proceeding against him or her in any court of
record in this state arising out of any accident or collision
occurring in the State of West Virginia in which such
nonresident may be involved[.]
Footnote: 3
As indicated above, service upon the appellee failed to be accomplished
through the office of the West Virginia Secretary of State. However, according to W. Va.
Code, 56-3-31 [1990], service upon the appellee could have been attempted through State
Farm, the appellee's insurance carrier. As W. Va. Code, 56-3-31(b) [1990], provides:
For purposes of service of process as provided in this
section, every insurance company shall be deemed the agent or
attorney-in-fact of every nonresident motorist insured by such
company if the insured nonresident motorist is involved in any
accident or collision in this state and service of process cannot
be effected upon said nonresident through the office of the
secretary of state.
Nevertheless, the appellants never attempted to secure service of process
through State Farm, and, as the appellee points out, "there was no evidence that even a
courtesy copy of the Complaint was served on the [appellee's] insurance carrier."Footnote: 4
Rule 41(b) of the West Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure, at the time of the
circumstances in Grey, provided in part:
Any court in which is pending an action wherein for
more than two years there has been no order or proceeding but
to continue it, or wherein the plaintiff is delinquent in the
payment of accrued court costs, may, in its discretion, order
such action to be struck from its docket; and it shall thereby be
discontinued. The court may direct that such order be published
in such newspaper as the court may name. The court may, on
motion, reinstate on its trial docket any action dismissed under
this rule, and set aside any nonsuit that may be entered by
reason of the nonappearance of the plaintiff, within three terms
after entry of the order of dismissal or nonsuit; but an order of
reinstatement shall not be entered until the accrued costs are
paid.
The current version of the above provisions of Rule 41(b) refers to actions "wherein for more than one year there has been no order or proceeding," rather than two years.
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