Wallis v. Wallis
Annotate this CaseJanuary 1996 Term
___________
No. 22955
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BARBARA WALLIS,
Plaintiff Below, Appellant,
v.
ROGER D. WALLIS,
Defendant Below, Appellee
_______________________________________________________
Appeal from the Circuit Court of Mason County
Honorable O. C. Spaulding, Judge
Civil Action No. 93-C-229
AFFIRMED
_______________________________________________________
Submitted: January 23, 1996
Filed: February 15, 1996
Patrick L. Cottrell
Steven L. Miller
Cross Lanes, West Virginia
Attorneys for the Appellant
James M. Casey
Point Pleasant, West Virginia
Attorney for the Appellee
The Opinion of the Court was delivered PER CURIAM.
SYLLABUS BY THE COURT
1. "In reviewing challenges to findings made by a family law master that also
were adopted by a circuit court, a three-pronged standard of review is applied. Under these
circumstances, a final equitable distribution order is reviewed under an abuse of discretion
standard; the underlying factual findings are reviewed under a clearly erroneous standard;
and questions of law and statutory interpretations are subject to a de novo review." Syllabus
point 1, Burnside v. Burnside, 194 W.Va. 263, 460 S.E.2d 264 (1995).
2. "'"It is well settled as a general rule that the question of continuance is in the sound discretion of the trial court, which will not be reviewed by the appellate court, except in case it clearly appears that such discretion has been abused." Syl. pt. 1, Levy v. Scottish Union & National Ins. Co., 58 W.Va. 546, 52 S.E. 449 (1905).' Syl. pt. 2, Nutter v. Maynard, [183] W.Va. [247], 395 S.E.2d 491 (1990)." Syllabus point 1, Cross v. Cross, 185 W.Va. 414, 407 S.E.2d 720 (1991).
Per Curiam:
In this appeal from an order of the Circuit Court of Mason County distributing
property in a divorce proceeding, the appellant, Barbara Wallis, claims that the family law
master and the circuit court erred in refusing to continue her case to afford her an opportunity
to conduct additional discovery on the nature and extent of assets possessed by her husband.
After reviewing the issue presented and the record filed, this Count cannot conclude that
error was committed. The judgment of the circuit court is, therefore, affirmed.
In August, 1993, the appellant, Barbara Wallis, filed a divorce complaint
against her husband, the appellee, Roger Wallis, who was a farmer. In the complaint she
sought, among other things, equitable distribution of the parties' marital property.
After the filing of the complaint, the action was bifurcated, and separate
proceedings were conducted on the distribution of the parties' property. In the course of
those proceedings, each party filed financial disclosure forms required by the court, and a
hearing was set on the distribution question. That hearing was not held on the day originally
set for the hearing because the appellant's attorney requested a continuance because of a
schedule conflict and because he had not had time to analyze income tax returns which had
only recently been tendered to him by the appellee's attorney.
A hearing was conducted on July 21, 1994, and at that hearing the family law master disposed of certain minor issues between the parties but ruled that:
[T]he record shall remain open in this action until August 4,
1994, for submission of additional evidence and/or a request by
the Plaintiff's counsel for additional cross-examination on the
records provided by the Defendant this date only.
For reasons not documented in the record, the matter was further continued until September 8, 1994, despite the earlier direction that the record would be open only until August 4, 1994. In conjunction with this enlargement of time, the appellant's attorney submitted a motion which stated:
New and substantial evidence previously unknown to the
plaintiff has come to her attention regarding the commission of
adultery and concealment of assets by the defendant. Because
this evidence could significantly affect her case, the plaintiff
requests that the court allow her to present evidence in the form
of testimony on this issue.
At the September 8, 1994 hearing, the appellant called Patricia Gail Dingess as a witness. Ms. Dingess had become acquainted with the appellee in February, 1992, and testified that she had engaged in a relationship with him commencing on July 2, 1992, and continuing for approximately two years. She testified that during this period she took frequent trips with him to Union Stockyards in Hillsboro, Ohio. On two of these trips, cattle owned by the appellant's husband were delivered to Union Stockyards for sale. Ms. Dingess testified that "Roger [the appellee] told me that the proceeds from the sale were going to be set aside so that he could hide it from Barbara [the appellant] and the Court." She also testified that between August and December, 1993, she accompanied the appellee while he delivered hogs to Rolfe's Custom Meats in Milton, West Virginia, for a man named Joe Leadmon. According to Ms. Dingess:
Roger [the appellee] told me that he was delivering the
hogs and that he was delaying the payment from the sale of the
hogs from Joe Leadmon and from Mr. Rolfe so that he could
hide the money from Barbara and the Court.
Ms. Dingess also testified that she had personally borrowed $5,000.00 in one
hundred dollar bills from the appellee and that on other occasions the appellee had talked
about holding amounts of cash [which had not been revealed in the financial disclosures in
the case]. "Roger said . . . Roger told me that he had assets hid in other states and that he
had a lot of other financial things that a lot of people don't know about." She further
indicated that the appellee proposed to set up a corporation and "he wanted to transfer the
equipment and drain (inaudible) the assets into the corporation to take it away from Barbara
and the Court." When asked whether the appellant's husband had ever given any indication
of how much money he was hiding, Ms. Dingess replied: "Roger told me he had already
made his first million and was well into the second but as far as an actual dollar amount, no."
Ms. Dingess' testimony indicated that she had certain documents impacting on the case in
her possession until August 10, 1994, when "Roger beat me up and took them."
The appellee also testified at the September 8, 1994 hearing. The appellee
admitted meeting Gail Dingess early in 1992 and admitted having a relationship with her for
a few months prior to the hearing. He also admitted that he had taken Ms. Dingess to Union
Stockyards in Hillsboro, Ohio, but he denied that he had ever loaned her $5,000.00 in cash.
He stated that he could not recall making any statements to her regarding the deferring of
income for the purpose of concealing it from the court or from his wife, the appellant. He
admitted that Union Stockyards did hold a small sum for him, but he suggested that this was
usual practice in dealings between the stockyard and farmers. He explained that farmers
often did not have time to deliver stock to be sold, then wait for the actual sale to be
conducted, and further wait for a check to be written. He indicated that it was customary that
checks be written two or three days after a sale and to be picked up by the farmer on his next
trip to the stockyard. A similar procedure was often followed with Rolfe's Custom Meats.
When pointedly asked whether the financial disclosures filed earlier with the court omitted
money being held by Union Stockyards in Hillsboro, Ohio, Rolfe's Custom Meats, or
anybody else, the appellee stated "No." The appellee admitted that he had formed a
corporation for his farm business but indicated that the action was done for liability purposes
rather than to conceal assets.
In the course of the September 8, 1994 hearing, the appellee's attorney moved
the court to direct Union Stockyards in Hillsboro, Ohio, to furnish a record of its dealings
with the appellee in 1992, 1993, and 1994. He also requested that the court require the
production of records from Rolfe's Custom Meats and certain other parties. When asked to
respond, the attorney for the appellant's husband stated that he was not aware how the West
Virginia court could compel Union Stockyards in Ohio or the other parties to make such
disclosures. He further stated that the family law master had records on everything that the
appellant's husband had.
At the conclusion of the hearing, the family law master indicated that the record would be left open for thirty days so that the appellant's attorney could attempt to procure the additional records which he believed would be useful. The law master said further:
And if there is a need for further hearing, then we'll schedule the
same at that time. Otherwise, at the end of thirty days I will
make a ruling on this case.
It further appears that certain blank subpoenas were issued to the appellant's attorney, either
at this time or earlier, to assist in the procurement of the additional information.
More than thirty days later, on October 11, 1995, the family law master received correspondence from the appellant's attorney requesting a continuance for further discovery. The family law master took the request under consideration, but by letter dated October 14, 1994, ruled that the evidence was closed and that the appellant had not complied with the prior court directives relating to additional evidence. Specifically, the family law master stated:
Further, at the hearing held herein on September 8, 1994,
the Plaintiff was given thirty (30) days to provide additional
evidence unto the Family Law Master, not thirty (30) days in
which to prepare an Order for presentation to the Family Law
Master.
Inasmuch as the Plaintiff has failed to provide any
additional evidence within the thirty (30) days provided by the
Family Law Master, the record in this action is now considered
closed.
Thereafter, the family law master prepared and submitted recommended
findings of fact and conclusions of law. In those findings of fact and conclusion of law, the
family law master recommended a marital distribution which was based upon the evidence
previously presented by the parties.
The appellant's attorney timely filed exceptions to the proposed findings of fact
and conclusions of law with the Circuit Court of Marion County. The exceptions were
basically grounded on the claim that the findings of fact and conclusions of law "did not
conform to the evidence presented at the hearings on this matter."
After considering the family law master's recommendation and the appellant's exceptions, the circuit court entered a final order in this matter on January 4, 1995. The court stated:
After considering the matter, the Court finds that the
plaintiff has failed to show how the proposed findings,
conclusions and recommendations of the Family Law Master
dated November 4, 1994, violate West Virginia Code Chapter
48A-4-20. Accordingly, said findings, conclusions and
recommendations are ORDERED AFFIRMED and judgment
shall be entered in accordance therewith.
In an opinion letter announcing its decision, the circuit court stated, in essence, that the family law master had provided the appellant with extensive opportunities to adduce additional evidence relating to the question of hidden assets. The court recognized that Gail Dingess had testified as to the new facts but that the appellee had contested and denied those facts. The court said:
On September 8, 1994, Gail Dingess did testify as to the
new facts. The defendant also testified and denied the new
damaging evidence. The plaintiff offered no other evidence.
No one else testified notwithstanding the plaintiff's prior receipt
of the six blank subpoenas.
The court went on to state:
At the conclusion of the September 8, 1994 hearing, the
plaintiff was still unsatisfied and requested thirty additional days
to present more new evidence to the Family Law Master. The
Family Law Master again agreed to the plaintiff's request and
gave the plaintiff additional time.
Though having the thirty additional days, the plaintiff
submitted nothing during the period. On October 11, 1994, the
Family Law Master received from the plaintiff's attorney a
proposed order compelling more discovery from the defendant.
The Family Law Master declined to sign the proposed ex parte
order further prolonging this matter and reminded the plaintiff
that since nothing further was received during the thirty day
extension, a final decision would be forthcoming.
The court concluded:
The plaintiff now claims that the family law master is
wrong and at fault after the Family Law Master allowed the
plaintiff to reopen the case, heard the plaintiff's additional
evidence and gave the plaintiff thirty more days to produce even
more evidence which the plaintiff failed to do.
Reopening the case for the plaintiff, receiving the
plaintiff's evidence, then giving the plaintiff thirty more days to
come up with more evidence may have been an abuse of the
Family Law Master's discretion, but if so, it was an abuse
harmful to the defendant and certainly not to the plaintiff.
Blame for the failure of the plaintiff to present all of her
evidence when given the opportunity can't be shifted to the
Family Law Master.
As previously noted, the appellant claims in this appeal from the circuit court's
order that the trial court erred in not continuing this case and in not remanding it for the
taking of additional evidence on the question of concealment of marital assets.
Recently, in syllabus point 1 of Burnside v. Burnside, 194 W.Va. 263, 460 S.E.2d 264 (1995), this Court summarized the standard of review to be followed in assessing rulings of a circuit court and family law master on equitable distribution questions in a divorce proceeding. The Court stated:
In reviewing challenges to findings made by a family law
master that also were adopted by a circuit court, a three-pronged
standard of review is applied. Under these circumstances, a
final equitable distribution order is reviewed under an abuse of
discretion standard; the underlying factual findings are reviewed
under a clearly erroneous standard; and questions of law and
statutory interpretations are subject to a de novo review.
In the present equitable distribution case, the preeminent issue is whether the
family law master and the trial court erred in failing to continue the present case and in
failing to grant the appellant additional discovery to develop the evidence relating to the
parties' property.
This Court has traditionally recognized that a motion for continuance is addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court. Cross v. Cross, 185 W.Va. 414, 407 S.E.2d 720 (1991); Nutter v. Maynard, 183 W.Va. 247, 395 S.E.2d 491 (1990); and Templeton v. Templeton, 179 W.Va. 597, 371 S.E.2d 175 (1988). The actual position is summarized in syllabus point 1 of Cross v. Cross, supra, as follows:
"'It is well settled as a general rule that the question of
continuance is in the sound discretion of the trial court, which
will not be reviewed by the appellate court, except in case it
clearly appears that such discretion has been abused.' Syl. pt. 1,
Levy v. Scottish Union & National Ins. Co., 58 W.Va. 546, 52 S.E. 449 (1905)." Syl. pt. 2, Nutter v. Maynard, [183] W.Va.
[247], 395 S.E.2d 491 (1990).
In the Cross case, the Court analyzed a situation where a party to a divorce proceeding requested and received several continuances in order to obtain legal advice and to develop the evidence relating to the distribution of a pension account. Thereafter, the case was continued several times and ultimately the court ruled on the issue raised in a manner unfavorable to the appellant. On appeal, the appellant claimed that the trial court had abused its discretion in denying her an additional continuance to develop her case. This Court stated:
Clearly, the circuit court provided the appellant several
opportunities to retain counsel to represent her in this case. The
hearing to determine the appellant's share of the appellee's
pension benefits was continued on several occasions over a
period of nearly a year. Thus, on the basis of the record before
us, we cannot conclude that the circuit court abused its
discretion in denying the appellant's motion for a continuance.
185 W.Va. at 417, 407 S.E.2d at 723.
Similar to the situation in the Cross case, the family law master in the present
case on a number of occasions continued the case to afford the parties an opportunity to
further develop the evidence on the marital distribution questions. Hearings were scheduled
for, or conducted on, July 21, 1994, August 4, 1994, and September 8, 1994. At the final
hearing conducted on September 8, 1994, the family law master specifically gave the
appellant thirty additional days in which to provide additional evidence.
The indisputable evidence shows that prior to the September 8, 1994 hearing
the appellant's attorney was aware of the additional evidence, but prior to that hearing and
during it he did little, other than call Gail Dingess, to discover the evidence. During the
thirty-day period after the September 8, 1994 hearing, the appellant did not submit additional
evidence, and even after the thirty-day period did not submit such evidence. Although the
appellant suggests that during the thirty-day period her attorney submitted a motion for
additional discovery, the appellant, or her attorney, had previously been granted the right to
obtain additional evidence by subpoena and had not availed herself of that opportunity. In
fact, the evidence indicates that in the thirty-day period the appellant's attorney did nothing
to develop the evidence other than make the motion for additional time for discovery.
The facts in this case suggest that, for whatever reason, the appellant did
nothing to further develop the evidence after the September 8, 1994 hearing, but the family
law master was extraordinarily liberal in granting additional time in which the appellant
might do so, as noted by the trial court. The cases previously cited indicate that the granting
of a motion for continuance is discretionary with the trier of the case. Under all the
circumstances appearing in this record, this Court cannot conclude that the family law master
or the circuit court abused their discretion in denying the appellant's last request for an
additional continuance and for discovery or that the family law master or circuit court erred
in concluding these proceedings.(1)
For the reasons stated, the judgment of the Circuit Court of Mason County is
affirmed.
Affirmed.
1. 1In analyzing the facts of this case, the Court is aware that it is stated in syllabus point 1
of Hamstead v. Hamstead, 178 W.Va. 23, 357 S.E.2d 216 (1982), overruled on other
grounds, Roig v. Roig, 178 W.Va. 781, 364 S.E.2d 794 (1987), that:
W.Va. Code, 48-2-33 [1984], requires a full disclosure of
one spouse's financial assets to the other spouse at the time of
divorce, and contemplates a meaningful hearing on the subject
of equitable distribution of property at which the spouse
submitting financial data may be cross-examined concerning the
nature, origin and amount of assets.
See also Lambert v. Lambert, 180 W.Va. 317, 376 S.E.2d 331 (1988).
In the present case, the appellee made what appears to be a complete asset disclosure on prescribed forms. This disclosure was accompanied by income tax returns. It also appears that the family law master went to great lengths to afford the appellant's attorney an opportunity to examine the disclosure documents, to develop evidence to refute the facts which they showed, and to cross-examine the appellee.
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