Harrison County Board of Ed. v. Carson
Annotate this Case
September 1995 Term
___________
No. 22735
___________
HARRISON COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION,
A PUBLIC CORPORATION,
Plaintiff Below, Appellee
v.
PAMELA CARSON-LEGGETT AND
WEST VIRGINIA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION,
Defendants Below, Appellants
___________________________________________________
Appeal from the Circuit Court of Kanawha County
Honorable Irene C. Berger, Judge
Civil Action No. 93-C-94
REVERSED
___________________________________________________
Submitted: September 20, 1995
Filed: December 8, 1995
Barbara Evans Fleischauer
Morgantown, West Virginia
Delby B. Pool
Clarksburg, West Virginia
Attorneys for the Appellant
Pamela S. Carson-Leggett
Darrell V. McGraw, Jr.
Attorney General
Paul R. Sheridan
Senior Assistant Attorney General
Charleston, West Virginia
Attorneys for the Appellant
West Virginia Human Rights Commission
Basil R. Legg, Jr.
David J. Romano
Law Offices of David J. Romano
Clarksburg, West Virginia
Attorneys for the Appellee
Harrison County Board of Education
This Opinion was delivered PER CURIAM.
JUSTICE ALBRIGHT did not participate.
RETIRED JUSTICE MILLER sitting by temporary assignment.
SYLLABUS BY THE COURT
"A civil action filed under the West Virginia Human Rights Act, W. Va. Code,
5-11-1, et seq., is not precluded by a prior grievance decided by the West Virginia Education
and State Employees Grievance Board arising out of the same facts and circumstances."
Syl. pt. 3, Vest v. Board of Education of the County of Nicholas, 193 W. Va. 222, 455 S.E.2d 781 (1995).
Per Curiam:
This action is before this Court upon the joint petition of Pamela S. Carson-
Leggett and the West Virginia Human Rights Commission for an appeal from the final order
of the Circuit Court of Kanawha County, West Virginia. As reflected in that order, entered
on July 21, 1994, the circuit court ruled that Ms. Carson-Leggett (hereinafter the "appellant")
was barred by res judicata and collateral estoppel from pursuing her sex discrimination
claims against the appellee, the Harrison County Board of Education. In particular, the
circuit court determined that the claims could not be pursued before the West Virginia
Human Rights Commission (hereinafter the "Human Rights Commission") since those claims
had been litigated by the appellant before the West Virginia Education and State Employees
Grievance Board.
For review of this controversy, this Court has before it all matters of record and
the briefs and argument of counsel. In light of our recent opinion in Vest v. Board of
Education of the County of Nicholas, 193 W. Va. 222, 455 S.E.2d 781 (1995), we reverse.
I
In 1970, the appellant was hired as a teacher by the Harrison County Board of
Education, and, later, the appellant obtained a master's degree in Secondary Administration.
In 1984, the Harrison County Board of Education awarded the appellant the administrative
position of assistant principal of South Harrison High School. However, in 1989, as a result
of budget limitations and a decline in student enrollment, the appellant was reassigned to
teaching.
Soon after the appellant's reassignment, several principal and assistant principal
positions became available with regard to South Harrison High School, Roosevelt-Wilson
High School and Salem Junior High School. The appellant applied for those positions but
was not hired. With the exception of one female, the Harrison County Board of Education
selected males for the positions.
As a result of her failure to receive an administrative position with the Harrison
County Board of Education after her 1989 reassignment, the appellant filed a number of
grievances with the West Virginia Education and State Employees Grievance Board. W. Va.
Code, 29-6A-1 [1988], et seq. Specifically, the record indicates that, from 1989 through
1992, a total of seven grievances were filed, each of which involved issues of sex discrimination.See footnote 1 Nevertheless, each grievance resulted in a decision adverse to the
appellant.See footnote 2
In addition, the appellant, in 1989, filed two administrative complaints against
the Harrison County Board of Education with the Human Rights Commission. W. Va. Code,
5-11-1 [1967], et seq. Those complaints are the subject of this appeal and also concern sex
discrimination. The first complaint, No. ES-20-90, alleged that the Harrison County Board
failed to appoint the appellant to various administrative positions because of sex
discrimination. Specifically, the complaint alleged that the appellant lost seniority with the
Harrison County Board because of prior acts of discrimination, and, since that time, less
qualified males, with less seniority, had been selected for the positions. The second
complaint, No. REP-103-90, alleged that the Harrison County Board engaged in acts of
reprisal against the appellant because she filed the first complaint, No. ES-20-90. Sex
discrimination in employment, and reprisals for seeking redress therefor under The West
Virginia Human Rights Act, are, of course, unlawful. W. Va. Code, 5-11-9 [1992].
As the parties state, the Human Rights Commission conducted an investigation
and found probable cause substantiating the appellant's two complaints. Moreover, the Human Rights Commission rejected the assertion of the Harrison County Board that, because
of the proceedings before the West Virginia Education and State Employees Grievance
Board, the two complaints were barred by res judicata and collateral estoppel.
In January 1993, the Harrison County Board of Education filed a complaint for
injunctive relief in the Circuit Court of Kanawha County, again advancing the issues of res
judicata and collateral estoppel. Specifically, the complaint indicated that the Human Rights
Commission was "without jurisdiction" to proceed upon complaints ES-20-90 and REP-103-
90 because the issues raised therein had been litigated by the appellant before the West
Virginia Education and State Employees Grievance Board.
Upon review, the circuit court determined that the appellant's sex
discrimination claims had been "fully and completely litigated" before the West Virginia
Education and State Employees Grievance Board. As the final order of July 21, 1994,
states, the circuit court ruled that the appellant was, thus, barred by res judicata and collateral
estoppel from pursuing her complaints before the Human Rights Commission. This appeal
followed.
II
Relying principally upon Vest v. Board of Education of the County of
Nicholas, supra, the appellant contends that barring her from pursuing her sex discrimination
claims before the Human Rights Commission, because she had resorted to grievance
procedures, denies the appellant her rights under The West Virginia Human Rights Act. W.
Va. Code, 5-11-1 [1967], et seq. A brief in support of that contention, and also citing Vest, was filed by the Human Rights Commission. The Harrison County Board of Education, on
the other hand, contends that a strict application of Vest in this action, which would allow
the appellant to proceed before the Human Rights Commission, would constitute a harsh
result, since the appellant's sex discrimination claims were already litigated to a conclusion
before the Grievance Board. Thus, the Harrison County Board asserts that the circuit court
properly applied res judicata and collateral estoppel. It should be noted that inasmuch as the
final order in this action was entered on July 21, 1994, the circuit court did not have the
benefit of our decision in Vest, in 1995.
Pursuant to The West Virginia Human Rights Act, equal opportunity in
employment without regard to gender has been defined as a protected human right or civil
right. As the declaration of public policy set forth in the Act states, a denial of that right,
or other rights under the Act, "to properly qualified persons by reason of race, religion, color,
national origin, ancestry, sex, age, blindness, handicap, or familial status is contrary to the
principles of freedom and equality of opportunity and is destructive to a free and democratic
society." W. Va. Code, 5-11-2 [1989]. In Skaff v. Human Rights Commission, 191 W. Va.
161, 444 S.E.2d 39 (1994), we observed that the legislative declaration of public policy
contained in W. Va. Code, 5-11-2 [1989], is "both broad and beneficial." 191 W. Va. at 162,
444 S.E.2d at 40.
Moreover, The West Virginia Human Rights Act, in W. Va. Code, 5-11-3(h)
[1994], provides a definition of the term "discrimination." As that section states: "The term
'discriminate' or 'discrimination' means to exclude from, or fail or refuse to extend to, a person equal opportunities because of race, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, sex, age,
blindness, handicap or familial status and includes to separate or segregate [.]" That
definition appears, generally, in prior versions of W. Va. Code, 5-11-3, and is somewhat
different from the definition of "discrimination" found in W. Va. Code, 29-6A-2(d) [1988],
and W. Va. Code, 18-29-2(m) [1992], concerning the West Virginia Education and State
Employees Grievance Board. See n. 1, supra.
The ostensible overlap of statutory remedies for discrimination in the area of
employment, as between the Human Rights Commission and the West Virginia Education
and State Employees Grievance Board, was the subject of this Court's review in the Vest
case. Syllabus point 3 thereof holds: "A civil action filed under the West Virginia Human
Rights Act, W. Va. Code, 5-11-1, et seq., is not precluded by a prior grievance decided by
the West Virginia Education and State Employees Grievance Board arising out of the same
facts and circumstances."
In Vest, the plaintiff contended that she was terminated from her employment
as a substitute teacher in Nicholas County, West Virginia, because of pregnancy and sex
discrimination. The plaintiff filed a grievance against the Nicholas County Board of
Education with the Grievance Board but, later, withdrew that portion of the grievance which
alleged discrimination. Thereafter, the grievance was denied upon other grounds. In
addition to the grievance, the plaintiff filed an action in federal court under the Civil Rights
Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e, et seq. and The West Virginia Human Rights Act. The Nicholas County Board of Education asserted that, in view of the proceedings before the
Grievance Board, the federal action was barred by res judicata and collateral estoppel.
Upon certified questions, this Court, in Vest, recognized that, although the
West Virginia Education and State Employees Grievance Board has authority to provide
relief for discrimination in the area of employment, the Grievance Board "does not have
authority to determine liability under the West Virginia Human Rights Act." Syl. pt. 1, Vest,
supra. Moreover, finding it unnecessary to determine whether the plaintiff "actually
litigated" her discrimination claim before the Grievance Board, we held in Vest, as indicated
above, that Grievance Board determinations have no "preclusive effects" over human rights
claims. 193 W. Va. at ___, 455 S.E.2d at 785. As Justice Cleckley, in Vest, eloquently
stated:
We cannot allow the substantial protections promised by
the Human Rights Act from such assaults on our personal and
institutional integrities to be compromised by unthinking
adherence to technical doctrines. If we permit public employers
to use prior decisions rendered by a loose administrative
apparatus - engaged in by unwary and often uncounseled
employees and lacking important procedural rudiments - to
preclude victims of discrimination from subsequently invoking
the promises made by the Human Rights Act, we, thereby,
would add our own breach of trust to those already committed
by public discriminators. Thus, we refuse to so hold.
193 W. Va. at ___, 455 S.E.2d at 787. See also Liller v. Human Rights Commission, 180
W. Va. 433, 376 S.E.2d 639 (1988); Davis v. Kitt Energy Corp., 179 W. Va. 37, 365 S.E.2d 82 (1987).
Although this Court does not have before it the merits of the appellant's sex
discrimination claims, we are of the opinion that our decision in Vest is dispositive of this
appeal. The principles expressed in Vest inexorably lead to the conclusion that the circuit
court, in this action, committed error in determining that res judicata and collateral estoppel
bar the appellant from pursuing her claims before the Human Rights Commission. As
indicated above, the circuit court did not have the benefit of the Vest decision. The
appellant's litigation of her grievances had no preclusive effect upon her rights under The
West Virginia Human Rights Act.
Accordingly, upon all the above, the final order of the Circuit Court of
Kanawha County, entered on July 21, 1994, is reversed, and the appellant is not barred from
pursuing her complaints concerning sex discrimination, No. ES-20-90 and No. REP-103-90,
before the Human Rights Commission.
Reversed.
Footnote: 1
The procedures of the West Virginia Education and State Employees
Grievance Board are set forth in chapter 29, article 6A, of the West Virginia Code. In W.
Va. Code, 29-6A-2(i) [1988], the term "grievance" is defined as:
any claim by one or more affected state employees alleging a
violation, a misapplication or a misinterpretation of the
statutes, policies, rules, regulations or written agreements
under which such employees work, including any violation,
misapplication or misinterpretation regarding compensation,
hours, terms and conditions of employment, employment
status or discrimination; any discriminatory or otherwise
aggrieved application of unwritten policies or practices of
their employer.
Moreover, in W. Va. Code, 29-6A-2(d) [1988], the term "discrimination" is
defined as "any differences in the treatment of employees unless such differences are
related to the actual job responsibilities of the employees or agreed to in writing by the
employees."
Similar definitions of "grievance" and "discrimination" may be found in W.
Va. Code, 18-29-2(a) and (m) [1992], concerning grievance procedures for education
employees, and its predecessor, W. Va. Code, 18-29-2 (a) and (m) [1985]. It should be
noted, however, that the Education Employees Grievance Board is now the West Virginia
Education and State Employees Grievance Board. W. Va. Code, 29-6A-5 [1988].
Footnote: 2
According to the complaint seeking injunctive relief filed by the Harrison
County Board of Education in the circuit court, the appellant was denied relief with
regard to seven grievances against the Harrison County Board filed with the West
Virginia Education and State Employees Grievance Board.
The grievances involved, inter alia, issues of sex discrimination and were as
follows: (1) grievance filed April 26, 1989, challenging appellant's reassignment from an
administrative position to a teaching position, (2) grievance filed June 9, 1989, asserting
appellant's entitlement to the position of principal of South Harrison High School, (3)
grievance filed August 31, 1989, asserting appellant's entitlement to the positions of
principal and assistant principal at Roosevelt-Wilson, (4) grievance filed October 23,
1989, questioning the neutrality of a Grievance Board hearing examiner, (5) grievance
filed December 21, 1990, asserting appellant's entitlement to the position of assistant
principal at Salem Junior High School, (6) grievance filed May 3, 1991, asserting
appellant was not provided with adequate reasons for her nonselection for the position of
assistant principal at Roosevelt-Wilson and (7) grievance filed August 11, 1992, asserting
appellant's entitlement to the position of principal of South Harrison High School.
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