Columbia Gas v. WV Board of Public Works
Annotate this Case
January 1995 Term
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No. 22515
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COLUMBIA GAS OF MARYLAND, INC., a Delaware Corporation,
COLUMBIA GAS OF KENTUCKY, INC., a Kentucky Corporation,
COLUMBIA GAS OF PENNSYLVANIA, INC., a Pennsylvania Corporation
COLUMBIA GAS OF OHIO, INC., an Ohio Corporation,
COMMONWEALTH GAS SERVICES, INC., a Virginia Corporation,
Petitioners Below, Appellants
v.
THE BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS OF THE
STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA,
Respondent Below, Appellee
_______________________________________________
Appeal from the Circuit Court of Kanawha County
Honorable Herman G. Canady, Jr., Circuit Judge
Civil Action Nos. 91-MISC-110, -111,
-113, -114, -115
AFFIRMED
_______________________________________________
Submitted: May 10, 1995
Filed: June 15, 1995
Charles R. McElwee
David K. Higgins
Paul G. Papadopoulos
Robinson & McElwee
Charleston, West Virginia
Allan E. Roth
Senior Attorney
Columbia Gas Distribution Companies
Columbus, Ohio
Attorneys for the Appellants
Barry L. Koerber
Assistant Attorney General
Charleston, West Virginia
Attorney for the Appellee
JUSTICE WORKMAN delivered the Opinion of the Court.
JUSTICE BROTHERTON and JUSTICE RECHT did not participate.
RETIRED JUSTICE MILLER and JUDGE FOX sitting by temporary
assignment.
SYLLABUS
1. "The personal property owned and operated by a public
service corporation is assessable by the board of public works,
without regard to the situs of such property, whether connected
with or disassociated from the immediate use and operation of
property employed by it in serving the public. And, when such
property is assessed by the board of public works, the local
assessing authorities can not lawfully alter or modify the
assessment so made. It is final and conclusive, unless appealed
from in the manner and within the time provided in § 94, ch. 29,
Code [now W. Va. Code § 11-6-12 (1991)]." Syl. Pt. 1, Ohio Fuel
Oil Co. v. Price, 77 W. Va. 207, 87 S.E. 202 (1915).
2. "By enacting chapter 29 of the Code [now chapter 11] the
legislature intended to devise and establish a symmetrical and
harmonious general scheme or system for the assessment and taxation
of personal and real property, to the end that each species of
taxable property shall bear no more than its equal or just
proportion of the governmental expenses, and for the administration
and supervision of such scheme or system it appointed and
designated the state tax commissioner and the board of public
works, and on them conferred ample authority to supervise and
administer such scheme or system . . . ." Syl. Pt. 2, in part,
Ohio Fuel Oil Co. v. Price, 77 W. Va. 207, 87 S.E. 202 (1915).
3. "Interpretations of statutes by bodies charged with their
administration are given great weight unless clearly erroneous."
Syl. Pt. 4, Security Nat'l Bank & Trust Co. v. First W. Va.
Bancorp., Inc., 166 W. Va. 775, 277 S.E.2d 613 (1981), appeal
dismissed, 454 U.S. 1131 (1982).
4. Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 11-6-1(a) (1991), the
West Virginia Board of Public Works has jurisdiction to assess and
collect ad valorem taxes from foreign public service corporations
that own property situated within West Virginia, but do not operate
as public utilities in this state.
Workman, Justice:
Appellants are five natural gas local distribution companies
who seek reversal of an order of the Circuit Court of Kanawha
County entered on February 28, 1994, which requires them to be
assessed for ad valorem taxes by Appellee, the Board of Public
Works of the State of West Virginia (hereinafter referred to as the
"Board"). Appellants argue that since they do not operate as
public utilities in West Virginia, they are not subject to the
provisions of West Virginia Code § 11-6-1 (1991), and are therefore
not required to report to the Board for taxation purposes. After
examining this issue, we affirm the decision of the circuit court.
Appellants are foreign corporations that operate as
natural gas utilities outside the State of West Virginia. Each
individual Appellant is a local distribution company which
distributes and sells natural gas at the retail level to residents
and businesses outside this state. None of the Appellants sell or
otherwise transfer gas to other entities within this state.
Additionally, none of the Appellants is subject to the jurisdiction
of the West Virginia Public Service Commission ("PSC"). Instead,
each Appellant is subject to the jurisdiction of the state utility
commission in the respective state in which it distributes and
sells natural gas.
Beginning in November 1989, Appellants began storing natural
gas in gas storage fields located in various counties throughout
West Virginia.See footnote 1 The parties agree that other than this stored
natural gas, Appellants do not own any other property located in
this state. At the insistence of the Board, Appellants filed
returns reflecting the amount of natural gas stored throughout West
Virginia on December 31, 1989, under authority of West Virginia
Code §§ 11-6-1 to -26 (1991 & Supp. 1994). Appellants filed these
returns under protest, reserving their right to contest the
assessments on the basis that the specific county assessorsSee footnote 2 for
the counties in which the gas is stored, and not the Board, have
jurisdiction to tax Appellants' stored natural gas. See W. Va.
Code § 11-3-12 (1991).
Following an exhaustion of their administrative remedies,See footnote 3
Appellants filed petitions seeking relief from the assessments made by the Board with the circuit court on February 28, 1991. By order
dated February 28, 1994, the circuit court ruled that Appellants
are public service corporations within the meaning of West Virginia
Code § 11-6-1(a)(10) and therefore, their stored natural gas is
reportable to and taxable by the Board. Appellants seek a reversal
of that order.
At the outset, we note that Appellants do not dispute that
they are subject to ad valorem taxation. The only issue raised is
whether the Board or the county assessor is the proper entity to
assess their stored natural gas for taxation purposes. The
statutory language which addresses which property owners or
operators are required to report to the Board for assessment is
found in West Virginia Code § 11-6-1(a) and states:
On or before the first day of May in each
year a return in writing shall be filed with
the board of public works: (1) By the owner
or operator of every railroad, wholly or in
part within this state; (2) by the owner or
operator of every railroad bridge upon which a
separate toll or fare is charged; (3) by the
owner or operator of every car or line of cars
used upon any railroad within the state for
transportation or accommodation of freight or
passengers, other than such owners or
operators as may own or operate a railroad
within the state; (4) by the owner or operator
of every express company or express line,
wholly or in part within this state, used for
the transportation by steam or otherwise of
freight and other articles of commerce; (5) by
the owner or operator of every pipeline,
wholly or in part within this state, used for
the transportation of oil or gas or water,
whether such oil or gas or water be owned by such owner or operator or not, or for the
transmission of electrical or other power, or
the transmission of steam or heat and power or
of articles by pneumatic or other power; (6)
by the owner or operator of every telegraph or
telephone line, wholly or in part within this
state, except private lines not operated for
compensation; (7) by the owner and operator of
every gas company and electric lighting
company furnishing gas or electricity for
lighting, heating or power purposes; (8) by
the owner or operator of hydroelectric
companies for the generation and transmission
of light, heat or power; (9) by the owner or
operator of water companies furnishing or
distributing water; and (10) by the owner or
operator of all other public service
corporations or persons engaged in public
service business whose property is located
wholly or in part within this state.
W. Va. Code § 11-6-1(a) (emphasis supplied).
The circuit court relied on subsection 10 of West Virginia
Code § 11-6-1(a) in concluding that the Board was the proper entity
to assess Appellants' stored gas for ad valorem taxation. In
short, the circuit court concluded that since Appellants qualified
as public service corporationsSee footnote 4 and had property located in this
state, they were therefore subject to taxation by the Board under
West Virginia Code § 11-6-1(a)(10).See footnote 5 Appellants argue that only those public service corporations who actually operate as such
within this state fall within the intent of West Virginia Code
§ 11-6-1.See footnote 6
The real concern here, as acknowledged by Appellants, is the
date on which the stored gas is assessed. Pursuant to West
Virginia Code § 11-6-1, assessments are made on December 31st of
each year. West Virginia Code § 11-3-12, the alternative statute
under which Appellants seek to be taxed, provides July 1st of each
year as the date for assessment purposes. Appellants represented
to the Court that the amount of their stored gas is substantially
higher at the end of the year due to increased storage because of
greater demand during the winter months. Accordingly, if they were
assessed pursuant to the local scheme, Appellants would stand to
incur a decreased amount of taxes as compared to the statewide
method of assessment.
To support their position, Appellants rely on two cases.
First, they cite West Penn Power Co. v. Board of Review and
Equalization of Brooke Co., 112 W. Va. 442, 164 S.E. 862 (1932), a
decision which involved review of a county board's assessment of an electric plant owned jointly by two out-of-state power companies.
See W. Va. Code § 11-3-25 (1991). Appellants contend that West
Penn is premised on the "assumption" that non-West Virginia
utilities are required to report to the county assessor in which
their property is located. This assumption, however, is just that,
as no challenge appears to have been made in West Penn regarding
the Board being the proper taxing authority. Thus, the West Penn
decision does not stand for the proposition that the local assessor
is the proper authority to assess and tax a non-West Virginia
public service corporation.
Appellants find significant the language included in West Penn
indicating that neither West Penn Power Company nor Ohio Power
Company "in operation of their jointly owned plant, . . . occupy
the status of regulated utilities." 112 W. Va. at 445, 164 S.E. at
863. The reason these two power companies were determined not to
be regulated utilities, however, was because of the fact that
"[t]hey [we]re manufacturers selling the output of this plant to
other companies." Id. This designation of the power companies'
non-regulated utility status was factually limited to their
operation of a specific plant for wholesale, rather than retail
purposes. Id. Moreover, the recognition of the power companies
not qualifying as regulated utilities under the facts of West Penn
is not the equivalent of a finding that a non-West Virginia public service corporation is excluded from the purview of West Virginia
Code § 11-6-1(a)(10).See footnote 7
The second case upon which Appellants rely is the decision in
Ohio Fuel Oil Co. v. Price, 77 W. Va. 207, 87 S.E. 202 (1915), in
which this Court addressed whether the Board or the local taxing
authorities of Roane County had the exclusive right to tax the
property of Ohio Fuel Oil Company. In syllabus point one of Ohio
Fuel, we held that
The personal property owned and operated
by a public service corporation is assessable
by the board of public works, without regard
to the situs of such property, whether
connected with or disassociated from the
immediate use and operation of property
employed by it in serving the public. And,
when such property is assessed by the board of
public works, the local assessing authorities
cannot lawfully alter or modify the assessment
so made. It is final and conclusive, unless
appealed from in the manner and within the
time provided in § 94, ch. 29, Code [now W.
Va. Code § 11-6-12 (1991)].
77 W. Va. at 207, 87 S.E. at 202.
Although the Ohio Fuel decision involved an in-state public
service corporation and as such, did not involve the question presented to this Court, Appellants rely heavily on the fact that
Ohio Fuel thricely refers to the concept of public service
corporations engaged in or doing business in this state in
connection with the concept of taxation by the Board. See id. at
209-14, 87 S.E. at 203-05. However, just as the inapposite factual
nature of West Penn prevents that case from being dispositive
regarding the issue sub judice, the absence of a foreign public
service corporation in Ohio Fuel similarly prevents that decision,
or in actuality, its dicta, from controlling the outcome of this
case. Moreover, given the involvement of an in-state public
service corporation in Ohio Fuel, the inclusion of "doing business"
language in that decision does not require the conclusion that
public service corporations not doing business in this state, but
owning property subject to taxation in this state, were intended to
be excluded by such language.See footnote 8
Regardless of the questioned language in Ohio Fuel, however,
we must first look to the statutory language at issue. While West Virginia Code § 11-6-1 does not define whether the term "public
service corporation" as used in subsection 10 was limited to West
Virginia public service corporations,See footnote 9 reference to the alternative
statute under which Appellants claim entitlement to be assessed at
the local level provides limited, but helpful, elucidation.
Appellants maintain that they should be taxed under West Virginia
Code § 11-3-12. That statute provides, in pertinent part:
Each incorporated company, foreign or
domestic, having its principal office or chief
place of business in this state, or owning
property subject to taxation in this state,
except railroad, telegraph and express
companies, telephone companies, pipeline, car
line companies and other public utility
companies . . . shall annually, between the
first day of the assessment year and the first
day of October, make a written report . . . .
W. Va. Code § 11-3-12 (emphasis supplied).
Thus, the statute which permits local assessment of corporate
property clearly exempts that property owned by public utility
companies.See footnote 10 The obvious reason for this exception was because the
Board, pursuant to West Virginia Code § 11-6-1(a), is the express taxing authority for such companies. Ohio Fuel expressly
recognized this precept in noting that those entities expressly
carved out from taxation at the local level in West Virginia Code
§ 11-3-12 are the same "companies required to report their
properties to the board of public works for assessment and
valuation." 77 W. Va. at 215, 87 S.E. at 206.
As Appellee explains, to permit assessment of Appellants'
stored gas dependent upon the location in which it is stored would
eviscerate the objective in establishing the Board in the first
instance. The intent in devising a specific system of taxation,
that included the Board, was addressed in Ohio Fuel:
By enacting chapter 29 of the Code [now
chapter 11] the legislature intended to devise
and establish a symmetrical and harmonious
general scheme or system for the assessment
and taxation of personal and real property, to
the end that each species of taxable property
shall bear no more than its equal or just
proportion of the governmental expenses; and
for the administration and supervision of such
scheme or system it appointed and designated
the state tax commissioner and the board of
public works, and on them conferred ample
authority to supervise and administer such
scheme or system . . . ."
77 W. Va. at 207, 87 S.E. at 202, Syl. Pt. 2, in part (emphasis
supplied).
That the goal of a "symmetrical and harmonious system of
taxation" might be undermined by permitting local assessment is not difficult to comprehend. 77 W. Va. at 210, 87 S.E. at 204 and Syl.
Pt. 2, in part. Due to the inherent opportunity for differing
valuations at the local level,See footnote 11 we have no doubt that substantially
varying assessments could result from localized assessment.
Moreover, as Appellee observes, permitting Appellants to be taxed
locally would have a discriminatory impact on in-state utilities as
their assessment occurs at a time of year when gas inventories are
reportedly higher, whereas out-of-state utilities would benefit
through mid-year assessment when inventories are substantially
lower.See footnote 12
Appellants cite Appellee's practice of not taxing three
foreign electric companies who purchase power generated in-state
for out-of-state use as analogous and compelling administrative
precedent that should be accorded great weight by this Court.
Specifically, Appellants argue that Appellee's practice of allowing
local assessors to tax Ohio Power Company, Duquesne Light Company, and West Penn Power CompanySee footnote 13 supports their position that natural
gas stored in West Virginia for use outside this state should be
similarly treated. Appellee candidly admits ignorance regarding
why these three particular utility companies have been permitted to
be taxed at the local level rather than by the Board.See footnote 14 Further,
Appellee states that "[t]he assessment methodologies used by the
local assessors and the Board vis-a-vis electric power companies
are substantially identical, so there was (and is) no economic
incentive for the Board or the power companies to seek a change."
Moreover, Appellee concedes that "[t]he Board's inconsistent
exercise of jurisdiction over electric power companies is
acknowledged and will be resolved to conform to the result reached
in this case."
We are not persuaded by Appellants' argument that the Board's
practice of permitting three foreign electric companies to be
assessed locally compels a concurrent result in this case.See footnote 15 An erroneous application of a statute, no matter what the duration of
its application, does not create binding precedent for this Court.
"Interpretations of statutes by bodies charged with their
administration are given great weight unless clearly erroneous."
Syl. Pt. 4, Security Nat'l Bank & Trust Co. v. First W. Va.
Bancorp., Inc., 166 W. Va. 775, 277 S.E.2d 613 (1981), appeal
dismissed, 454 U.S. 1131 (1982) (emphasis supplied).
Appellee contends that the "wholly or in part" language of
subsection 10 of West Virginia Code § 11-6-1(a), which states that
the Board has jurisdiction over "the owner or operator of all other
public service corporations or persons engaged in public service
business whose property is located wholly or in part within this
state[,]" "would be completely unnecessary if only locally
regulated utilities were taxable, as such utilities would always
own property in West Virginia." Appellants offer no alternative
suggestion for the inclusion of this statutory language.
Upon analysis, we cannot accept Appellants' contention that
West Virginia Code § 11-3-12 is the appropriate statute under which their stored gas should be taxed when that statute expressly
exempts all public utilities without reference to whether such
utilities are operating in-state or out-of-state. Additionally,
the language found in West Virginia Code § 11-6-1(a)(10) that
provides for taxation of public service corporations "whose
property is located wholly or in part within this state" suggests
that it is the ownership of property rather than the doing of
business in this state that provides the key to taxation under West
Virginia Code § 11-6-1(a)(10).See footnote 16 Accordingly, we conclude that
pursuant to West Virginia Code § 11-6-1(a), the West Virginia Board
of Public Works has jurisdiction to assess and collect ad valorem
taxes from foreign public service corporations that own property
situated within West Virginia, but do not operate as public
utilities in this state.
Based on the foregoing, the decision of the Circuit Court of
Kanawha County is hereby affirmed.
Affirmed.
Footnote: 1
This was due to a change in federal law which eliminated the
"middleman" in gas sales and permitted local gas distribution
companies such as Appellants to purchase their gas supplies
directly from producers rather than from natural gas pipeline
companies, as had previously been the practice. See infra note 12.
Footnote: 2
Appellants have filed returns with the various county
assessors of each respective county in which natural gas was stored
on July 1, 1990. Footnote: 3
Appellants protested the Board's assessment of their stored
gas in writing and by appearing at a meeting held by the Board on
November 28, 1990. The Board rejected Appellants' protest
according to the stipulation of facts included as a part of the
record in this case. Footnote: 4
The term "public service corporation" is not statutorily
defined. Footnote: 5
We reject Appellants' contention that subsection 7 of West
Virginia Code § 11-6-1(a) is the more logical basis for taxation of
Appellants by the Board since the emphasis in that subsection is on
the furnishment of gas or electricity, rather than the storage of
such items. In contrast, subsection 10 focuses on the existence of
property belonging to a public service corporation, as opposed to
the utilization of such property for the generation of power. Footnote: 6
There is no dispute regarding the fact that Appellants do not
operate within this state as a public service corporation. Footnote: 7
Appellants' reliance on the non-regulated utility status
accorded in West Penn is of little value since the record in this
case contains a stipulation that Appellants are not regulated by
the West Virginia Public Service Commission since their public
service work is performed in other states. Furthermore, the issue
of regulation does not resolve the issue of taxation that is
presently before us. Footnote: 8
Included in West Virginia Code § 11-3-12, the statute under
which Appellants seek to be assessed, is the language "or owning
property subject to taxation in this state[.]" Thus, it appears
that ownership, in addition to doing business in this state,
permits taxation to occur. Although the language regarding
property ownership is found in West Virginia Code § 11-3-12, the
interrelated nature of this statute with West Virginia Code § 11-6-
1 (i.e. W. Va. Code § 11-3-12 exempts certain entities such as
public service corporations and refers them to the Board for
taxation via W. Va. Code § 11-6-1) permits us to "borrow" the
"ownership" language found in West Virginia Code § 11-3-12 for
purposes of analysis. Footnote: 9
While certainly not definitive on the issue of statutory
interpretation before us, we further observe that the statutes
dealing with the PSC do include the modifying language "in this
state" in contrast to the language of West Virginia Code § 11-6-
1(a). See W. Va. Code § 24-2-1 (1992).Footnote: 10
Appellants propose that only West Virginia public utility
companies are exempted from taxation at the local level by West
Virginia Code § 11-3-12. This contention, while certainly
beneficial to Appellants' position, is offered without any support.
Footnote: 11
Even Appellants admit in their reply brief that "uniform
valuation is achieved for rate-making purposes" through the
statewide system of assessment contemplated by West Virginia Code
§§ 11-6-1 to -26.Footnote: 12
Appellee contends that it is not attempting to increase its
taxing jurisdiction, but rather to maintain the status quo. Prior
to changes in federal law, Appellee assessed the stored gas which
Appellants purchased from Columbia Gas Transmission Corporation
("TCO"), an interstate natural gas pipeline company. Appellee
seeks to continue assessing the stored gas, which Appellants now
are able to obtain without the use of TCO as a middleman. Footnote: 13
This has reportedly been the practice since at least 1971 and
has taken place with the Board's knowledge.Footnote: 14
In response to the non-taxation of the three foreign power
companies, Appellee cites VEPCO as an example of an out-of-state
electric company that is taxed by the Board. This example is of no
precedential value to the Board from an administrative law
analysis, as Appellants observe, due to the fact that the Board's
taxation of VEPCO began in the late 1980's, contemporaneous to the
issue that is before this Court. Footnote: 15
In response to Appellants' argument regarding the localized
taxation of the three foreign electric companies, Appellee stresses
that 17 other similarly situated out-of-state gas companies are
currently being taxed by the Board. Such a fact, however, does not
respond to the differing treatment allowed the foreign electric
companies, nor does it provide administrative precedent given the
contemporaneous nature of such taxation to the cases at bar. See
supra note 14. Footnote: 16
See supra note 8.
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