Ground Breakers v. City of Buckhannon
Annotate this Case
September 1992 Term
___________
No. 20998
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GROUND BREAKERS, INC.,
Plaintiffs Below, Appellant
v.
CITY OF BUCKHANNON,
A MUNICIPAL CORPORATION,
Defendant Below, Appellee
_______________________________________________________
Appeal from the Circuit Court of Upshur County
Honorable Thomas H. Keadle, Judge
Civil Action No. 91-C-88
Reversed and Remanded
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Submitted: September 9, 1992
Filed: October 9, 1992
Gary S. Wigal
Morgantown, West Virginia
Attorney for the Appellant
David W. McCauley
Coleman & Wallace
Buckhannon, West Virginia
Attorney for Appellee
The Opinion of the Court was delivered PER CURIAM.
SYLLABUS BY THE COURT
1. "Ordinarily, where a construction contract contains
language to the effect that its terms cannot be changed without the
written consent of the parties thereto, then such written consent
is required unless this condition is waived by the parties by their
conduct or through circumstances that justify avoiding the
requirement." Syllabus Point 1, Pasquale v. Ohio Power Co., 186
W. Va. 501, 413 S.E.2d 156 (1991).
2. "A party who moves for summary judgment has the burden of showing that there is no genuine issue of fact and any doubt as to the existence of such issue is resolved against the movant for such judgment." Syllabus Point 6, Aetna Casualty & Sur. Co. v. Federal Ins. Co. of New York, 148 W. Va. 160, 133 S.E.2d 770 (1963).
Per Curiam:
In 1989, Ground Breakers, Inc., signed a construction
contract with the City of Buckhannon under which Ground Breakers
would replace sewer lines in the City. As part of its contractual
obligation, Ground Breakers was to repave the affected streets
following completion of the sewer replacement project.
During excavation of a portion of a street, the ground
under the street shifted, resulting in cracks in the pavement as
the work proceeded. Ground Breakers ceased work on the project and
notified the City of the problems it had encountered. The City
instructed Ground Breakers to proceed with the work.
As the work progressed, it became apparent that the
original "Type F" paving specified in the contract would be
inadequate to repair the unanticipated damage to the street.
Therefore, the City instructed Ground Breakers to use either "Type
C" or "Type X" paving to repair the street. "Type C" paving had
been bid as a line item in Ground Breakers' original bid, at $50.00
per linear foot. The "Type F" paving cost in the bid was $20.00
per linear foot. The necessary "Type C" paving resulted in a cost
overrun on the project of approximately $72,000.
The City has refused to pay this overrun. As a result,
Ground Breakers brought suit against the City in the Circuit Court
of Upshur County. Ground Breakers claims that the instruction by
the City to repair the street using "Type C" paving constituted an
oral modification of the contract, and, thus, the City is obligated
to pay Ground Breakers for this additional expense.
The City filed a motion to dismiss, in which it argued
that the case filed against them by Ground Breakers should be
dismissed under Rule 12(b)(6) or Rule 56 of the West Virginia Rules
of Civil Procedure. The City claims that the contract itself
contained a procedure for a change order, which was the only way
that the City could be obligated for more money. It asserts that
because no change order was issued in this case, it is not liable
for the additional $72,000. The circuit court found that the
written contract was controlling and that because there was no
change order, Ground Breakers had not complied with the
requirements of the contract and was not entitled to the additional
money. The Court concluded that it must, as a matter of law,
dismiss the case.See footnote 1 We disagree.
There are facts that indicate there was unanticipated
damage during the contract work which necessitated added repair
work. This was known and discussed by both parties, with Ground
Breakers' position being that they were orally authorized to do the
additional work. These circumstances bring into play the law set
out in Syllabus Point 1 of Pasquale v. Ohio Power Co., 186 W. Va.
501, 413 S.E.2d 156 (1991):
"Ordinarily, where a construction
contract contains language to the effect that
its terms cannot be changed without the
written consent of the parties thereto, then
such written consent is required unless this
condition is waived by the parties by their
conduct or through circumstances that justify
avoiding the requirement."See footnote 2
See also W.L. Thaxton Constr. Co. v. O.K. Constr. Co., Inc., 170
W. Va. 657, 295 S.E.2d 822 (1982); Wilkinson v. Searls, 155 W. Va.
475, 184 S.E.2d 735 (1971).
Rule 56(c) states that a motion for summary judgment is
to be granted if it is clear "that there is no genuine issue as to
any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a
judgment as a matter of law."
We explained the proof necessary for the granting of
summary judgment in Syllabus Point 6 of Aetna Casualty & Sur. Co.
v. Federal Ins. Co. of New York, 148 W. Va. 160, 133 S.E.2d 770
(1963):
"A party who moves for summary
judgment has the burden of showing that there
is no genuine issue of fact and any doubt as
to the existence of such issue is resolved
against the movant for such judgment."
The above standard has not been met in this case. There
is a dispute regarding the existence of an oral modification of the
contract. The form that this alleged modification took, as well as
its effect upon the original written contract, is also disputed.
We cannot find that the City is clearly entitled to a judgment as
a matter of law. The granting of summary judgment was, therefore,
error.
The order of the Circuit Court of Upshur County is,
therefore, reversed, and this case is remanded for trial on the
merits.
Reversed and Remanded.
Footnote: 1Both parties claim that it is unclear whether this dismissal was granted under Rule 12(b)(6) or Rule 56. We will treat it as a grant of summary judgment even though there was only limited discovery. This does not foreclose further discovery. Footnote: 2In its brief, the City contends that a municipal corporation cannot be held liable for additional contract work even though it authorized the same. This argument was not made below, but we find it without merit. See generally 65 Am. Jur. 2d Public Works & Contracts §§ 176-196 (1972).
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