State Of Washington, Respondent V Maua Muasau, Damos Handson, Michael Smith, Appellants (Majority)

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IL FD SfribPE . 13 I_ S 15 WON 13), d iY IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTO DIVISION II No. 42509 -2 -II STATE OF WASHINGTON, Respondent V. Consolidated with: MAUA SIAMUPENI MUASAU, No. 42522 -0 -II STATE OF WASHINGTON, Respondent, V. Consolidated with: DAMOS L. HANDSOM, No. 42708 -7 -II STATE OF WASHINGTON, Respondent, V. UNPUBLISHED OPINION MICHAEL ANTONIO SMITH, Al JOHANSON, A.C. J. A jury found Maua Siamupeni Muasau, Damos L. Handsom, and Michael Antonio Smith guilty harassment and fourth degree of first degree assault. burglary. It also found Muasau guilty of felony In this consolidated appeal, we hold that ( 1) the trial court No. 42509- 2- II/No. 42522- 0- 11/ No. 42708 -7 -II did not violate Smith' s CrR 3. 3 time for trial rights, ( 2) sufficient evidence supports Handsom' s and Muasau' s first degree burglary convictions and Muasau' s felony harassment and fourth degree assault convictions, and ( 3) Smith and Muasau' s ineffective assistance of counsel claims fail. Smith violations, filed also contesting a statement of additional grounds ( witness credibility, and claiming SAG), jury claiming additional CrR 3. 3 instruction errors, jury trial violations, and ineffective assistance. Because we find no reversible error, we affirm. FACTS Bill Edmiston; his girlfriend, Lois Hopkins; and Hopkins' s cousin, Rusty Parrott lived together in Parrott' s trailer. Hopkins' s son, Cody Davis, also temporarily lived there until Parrott ordered him to move out. When Davis moved, he left no personal belongings in Parrott' s trailer. In August 2010, shortly after Davis moved out of Parrott' s trailer, Davis, Handsom, Muasau, collect men and Smith returned and started banging on the trailer doors. Davis said he wanted to his things, though he had nothing in the home. Edmiston and Parrott refused to allow the inside; but the men kicked in the doors to gain entry. Handsom and Smith wore black masks covering their faces, and Handsom wore a military -style ballistic flak vest; Handsom also carried an AK 47 assault rifle while Smith carried a . 380 pistol. The men believed that Davis' s father had hidden gold bars for Davis in the trailer. When Parrott attempted to phone 911, Muasau took the phone and smashed it against the wall. The men then ordered Edmiston and Parrott onto their hands and knees at gunpoint, and Muasau told the other men to "[ s] moke ` em." 3 Verbatim Report of Proceedings ( VRP) at 225. Davis, however, intervened and said not to kill his cousin. Then, Muasau and Davis demolished 2 No. 42509- 2- II/No. 42522 -0 -II/ No. 42708 -7 -II Davis' former bedroom but found nothing. s Before leaving, Muasau hit Parrott in the right cheek with his fist. Edmiston was also hit twice with something metal that Parrott believed was the butt of Smith' s pistol. Minutes after the intruders left Parrott' s trailer, Lakewood police contacted them in their vehicle. Smith was carrying a set of brass knuckles, and officers found the AK - 7 assault rifle, 4 the . 380 pistol, and ammunition. The State charged Handsom, Muasau, and Smith with numerous crimes relating to these events and granted the State tried them in Smith' s defense a consolidated counsel' s continuance motion, planned vacation[,] pre - this is to investigate." negotiate/ & prepare / trial.' a 3rd strike, several co- On September 16, 2010, the trial court noting, " Defense counsel has been on a defendant Clerk' s Papers ( CP) at case & counsel needs more time 267. The trial court also indicated that it granted the continuance motion upon the parties' agreement pursuant to CrR 3. 3( f)( 1). But Smith' s counsel told the trial court that Smith refused to sign the continuance order. A jury found Handsom, Smith, and Muasau guilty of first degree burglary with a deadly weapon enhancement,because at least one of them was armed during the burglary. The jury also found Muasau guilty of felony harassment and fourth degree 2 assault. The trial court then sentenced each of the defendants, and the trial court found that Smith fell within Washington' s Davis pleaded guilty. 2 The jury acquitted Smith of fourth degree assault. 9 No. 42509- 2- II/ No. 4. 522 -0 -II/ 2 No. 42708 -7 -II persistent offender statute and sentenced him to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Handsom, Smith, and Muasau now each raise claims on appeal. ANALYSIS I. CRR 3. 3 TIME FOR TRIAL Smith argues that the trial court violated his CrR 3. 34 time for trial right when it entered its September 16, 2010 order continuing his trial because Smith had not signed the continuance order. We disagree because the court granted the continuance in the interest of justice. A. Standard of Review and Rules of Law The decision to grant or deny a continuance motion rests with the sound discretion of the trial court. State v. 011ivier, No. 86633 -3, slip. op. at 5 ( Wash. Oct. 31, 2013). A trial court abuses its discretion if its decision is based on untenable grounds or is made for untenable reasons. State v. Andrews, 66 Wn. Wn.2d 1022 ( 1993). App. 804, 810, 832 P. 2d 1373 ( 1992), review denied, 120 It is not a manifest abuse of discretion for a court to grant a continuance to allow defense counsel more time to prepare for trial, even over defendant' s objection, to ensure effective representation and a fair trial. See State v. Campbell, 103 Wn.2d 1, 15, 691 P. 2d 929 1984), cent. denied, 471 U. S. 1094 ( 1985). An in-custody defendant typically the arraignment date. must be tried within 60 days CrR 3. 3( b)( 1). after the " commencement date," Periods of time excluded from this 60 -day limit include those required by the administration of justice so long as the continuance will not 3 RCW 9. 94A.570. 4 CrR 3. 3 time for trial rights may be distinguished from the constitutional speedy trial right. M No. 42509- 2- II/No. 42522- 0- 11/ No. 42708 -7 -II prejudice CrR 3. 3( the defendant. e)( 3), ( 1), Under CrR 3. 3( f)( 2 f)(). trial courts may grant u] pon written agreement of the parties, which must be signed by the defendant." continuances "[ B. Analysis Here, 38 days into Smith' s 60 -day trial period, Smith' s counsel sought a continuance because she needed additional time to investigate and to for trial. prepare Smith opposed the continuance and refused to sign the order continuing trial. The trial court granted pre planned vacation[,] to this is the a continuance request 3rd strike, several co- investigate." negotiate/ & prepare / CP at because "[ d] efense counsel has been on a defendant The 267. case & order counsel needs more time also indicates that ( 1) the continuance was based on the parties' agreement but (2) that one party refused to sign and voiced This an objection. inconsistency appears to be a scrivener' s error or clerical mistake. 5 Had the trial court intended to enter the order based on the parties' written agreement, it would have needed Smith' CrR 3. 3( f)(1). s signature. And here, the trial court knew that Smith refused to sign. Based on the trial court' s articulated rationale, we conclude that it intended to grant the continuance to promote the administration of justice under 2). CrR 3. 3( f)( Accordingly, the trial court did not violate Smith' s time for trial right because it granted the continuance in the 5 A clerical mistake is one that, when amended, would correctly convey the intention of the court based may on other evidence. State correct a clerical mistake v. or Priest, 100 Wn. App. scrivener' s error at 471, 478, 248 P. 3d 121 ( 2011). 5 451, 456, 997 P. 2d 452 ( 2000). any time. A court State v. Davis, 160 Wn. App. No. 42509- 2- II/No. 42522 -0 -11/ No. 42708 -7 -11 administration of justice and its notation that the continuance was by agreement of the parties was merely a scrivener' s error. 11. SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE Next, Handsom and Muasau argue that the State offered insufficient evidence to prove first degree burglary because it failed to show that they intended to commit a crime in addition to unlawful entry. We conclude that the State presented sufficient evidence to prove that they committed first degree burglary based on their forced entry into the trailer, the ski masks and flak vest, the presence and use of weapons, threats, and the crimes against persons and property committed therein. We review insufficient evidence claims for whether, when viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the jury' s verdict, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the charged crime beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Salinas, 119 Wn.2d 192, 201, 829 P. 2d 1068 ( 1992). Sufficiency challenges admit the truth of the State' s evidence and all reasonable inferences drawn from it. Salinas, 119 Wn.2d at 201. The trier of fact makes credibility determinations, Thomas, 150 Wn.2d 821, 874, 83 P. 3d 970 ( 2004). conflicting testimony and the persuasiveness which we will not review. State v. We also defer to the trier of fact on issues of of evidence. State v. Walton, 64 Wn. App. 410, 415 -16, 824 P. 2d 533, review denied, 119 Wn.2d 1011 ( 1992). A. First Degree Burglary One commits first degree burglary if, with intent to commit a crime against a person or property therein, he or she enters or remains unlawfully in a building and if, in entering or while in the ON No. 42509- 2- II/No. 42522 -0 -11/ No. 42708 -7 -11 building or in immediate flight therefrom, the actor or another participant in the crime (a) is armed with a deadly weapon, or (b) assaults any person. RCW 9A. 52. 020( 1). building 1985). is The intent to commit a specific named crime inside the burglarized not an " element" of burglary. State v. Bergeron, 105 Wn.2d 1, 4, 711 P. 2d 1000 The intent required to prove burglary is simply the intent to commit any crime against a person or property inside the burglarized premises. Bergeron, 105 Wn.2d at 4. The jury may determine that a defendant intended to commit a crime against a person or property by making inferences " from the facts and circumstances surrounding the commission of the act and from conduct which plainly indicates such intent as a matter of logical probability." State v. Kilponen, 47 Wn..App. 912, 919, 737 P. 2d 1024, review denied, 109 Wn.2d 1019 ( 1987). The State need not prove that the principal and accomplice share the same mental state. State v. Bockman, 37 Wn. App. 474, 491, 682 P. 2d 925, review denied, 102 Wn.2d 1002 ( 1984). As long as the jury is unanimous that the defendant was a participant, it is not necessary that the jury be unanimous that the defendant was a principal or an accomplice where there is evidence of both manners 1974), of participation. See State v. Carothers, 84 Wn.2d 256, 261 -62, 525 P. 2d 731 overruled on other grounds by State v. Harris, 102 Wn.2d 148, 685 P. 2d 584 ( 1984). Here, the trial court instructed the jury: 1) That on or about the 8th day of August, 2010, the defendant or an accomplice entered or remained unlawfully in a building; 2) That the entering or remaining was with intent to commit a crime against a person or property therein; 3) That in so entering or while in the building or in immediate flight from the building the defendant or an accomplice in the crime charged was armed with a deadly weapon; and 4) That any of these acts occurred in the State of Washington. 7 No. 42509- 2- II/No. 42522 -0 -II/ No. 42708 -7 -II CP at 51, 185. Handsom and Muasau contend, specifically, that the State failed to prove that they intended to commit any other crime in addition to unlawfully entering Parrott' s trailer. They cite State Sandoval, 123 Wn. v. App. 1, 94 P. 3d 323 ( 2004), to support their claim. In Sandoval, an intoxicated Sandoval kicked in the front door of a stranger' s home in the middle of the night, went inside, and shoved the occupant. 123 Wn. App. at 3. A jury found Sandoval guilty of burglary, but Division Three of this court reversed because the State failed to show that Sandoval the home entered intending to Sandoval, 123 Wn. commit another crime. App. at 5. Division i Three reasoned that Sandoval loudly kicked open the door and shoved the stranger only when the stranger him. confronted Sandoval, 123 Wn. App. at 5. And, Sandoval did not know the homeowner, and he was surprised to see anybody home. Sandoval, 123 Wn. App. at 5. The facts here differ substantially. Unlike the drunken Sandoval, who was not expecting to find anyone inside the home he unlawfully entered, here at least one of the accomplices knew who lived in 'Parrott' s trailer and that someone was home; and here, Handsom arrived armed with an assault rifle and wearing a style ballistic flak military - vest and ski And unlike mask. Sandoval, who drunkenly stumbled into the home and shoved the home' s resident only after the resident confronted him, here Handsom, Muasau, and the others confronted Edmiston and Parrott inside the trailer and Muasau threatened forced Edmiston and assaulted and Parrott onto them before Davis their hands and and knees at gunpoint. Muasau destroyed Parrott' s trailer. Then No. 42509- 2- II/No. 42522 -0 -II/ No. 42708 -7 -II Muasau also cites State v. Woods, which involved a mother' s estranged son, who was only permitted to P. 2d 1235 ( 1991). enter the mother' s apartment when she was home. 63 Wn. App. 588, 589, 821 One day the mother was home sick from work, and the son, who believed that his mother was at work, broke into the mother' s house with another man to recover the son' s jacket. Woods, 63 Wn. the men fled without App. taking at the 589 -90. jacket. As the door opened, the mother yelled at them before Woods,' 63 Wn. App. at 590. A jury convicted the son of burglary, but Division One reversed, reasoning that the men lacked intent to commit another crime after entering the home unlawfully. Woods, 63 Wn. App. at 591. While both cases involved individuals breaking into someone else' s home with the help of others to retrieve personal property ( or Davis' s" gold "), the similarities end there. In Woods, the men did not know the mother was home until they entered and fled upon learning someone was home; here, Davis spoke with Edmiston through the door before breaking in and the men entered the trailer with guns and military style equipment, before confronting its occupants. Specifically, Muasau confronted Parrott, pulled the telephone from his hands, and smashed it to pieces before directing his associates to "[ s] moke ` em." 3 VRP at 225. Finally, unlike the men in Woods who immediately left the scene without saying anything, Muasau stayed to demolish the trailer and strike Parrott before leaving. Thus, Muasau' s reliance on Woods is misplaced. Viewing the evidence here in a light most favorable to the State, any rational juror could have found that Handsom and Muasau or an accomplice intended to commit a crime after unlawfully entering Parrott' s trailer. Therefore, we affirm Handsom and Muasau' s first degree burglary convictions. 9 No. 42509- 2- II/No. 42522 -0 -II/ No. 42708 -7 -II B. Felony Harassment Muasau next argues that the State failed to prove felony harassment because it did not show that he knowingly threatened a future harm against Parrott. The jury heard sufficient evidence to convict Muasau. A person is guilty of harassment if, without lawful authority, he knowingly threatens to cause bodily injury immediately or in the future to the person threatened; and, the person by words or conduct places the person threatened in reasonable fear that the threat will be carried out. RCW 9A.46. 020( 1)( a)( In order to convict an individual of felony harassment i), ( 1)( b). based upon a threat to kill, the State must prove that the person threatened was placed in reasonable fear that the threat to kill be would carried out as an element of the offense. State v. C.G., 150 Wn.2d 604, 612, 80 P. 3d 594 ( 2003). 1. Knowing threat First, Muasau contends that the State did not prove that he knowingly threatened Parrott. To knowingly threaten another, a defendant must subjectively know that he is communicating a threat, and know that " the communication he or she imparts directly or indirectly is a threat of intent to cause bodily injury to the person Wn. 2d 472, 481, 28 P. M. 720. (2001). his hands and knees, Muasau s] moke ` em" as a interpreted "[ s] moke ` em as a at 225. or to another person." State v. J. M., 144 Here, after smashing Parrott' s phone and forcing him to called out, " interpreted "[ VRP threatened Smoke `.em." 3 VRP threat to kill, threat to kill and at 225. Edmiston and Parrott Parrott began praying for his life. because he intervened, "[ N] o, you can' t Davis also kill him." 3 Viewing this evidence in the light most favorable to the State, any rational trier of 10 No. 42509- 2- II/No. 42522 -0 -II/ No. 42708 -7 -II fact could reasonably conclude that Muasau subjectively knew that, in ordering armed men to he communicated a threat of intent to cause Parrott bodily injury. s] moke ` em," 2. Immediate or future harm Second, Muasau argues that the State only proved that he communicated a threat of immediate harm, convict future." future harm, not instruction both CP communicate, at 2, 59. directly or stated as was required. Muasau' s charging information and to- that that the threat was to The instruction indirectly, defining the intent to kill Parrott " threat, however, cause bodily injury immediately or in the stated, " Threat means to in the future." CP at 60. Muasau asserts, then, that the law of the case limited the State by requiring proof of a threat of future harm and not one of immediate harm. Muasau cites State v. Willis, 153 Wn.2d 366, 103 P. 3d 1213 ( 2005); State v. Hickman, 135 Wn.2d 97, 954 P. 2d 900 ( 1998); and State v. Nam, 136 Wn. App. 698, 150 P. 3d 617 ( 2007). Because none of these cases, however, stands for the proposition that a discrepancy between to- convict instructions and definitional instructions are resolved in favor of the definitional instruction, we discuss them no further. Because the unchallenged to- convict instruction for felony harassment correctly aligned with our statute and Muasau' s charging information, the trial court properly informed the jury of the necessary elements to convict Muasau for harassment. A definitional instruction for " threat" merely defines a threat. If that definition is inserted into the to- convict instruction used here, the to- convict instruction still advises the jury that evidence of a threat of immediate or future harm would satisfy the necessary elements of harassment. 11 Viewing the evidence in the light most No. 42509- 2- II/No. 42522 -0 -II/ No. 42708 -7 -II favorable to the State, any rational trier of fact could reasonably conclude that Muasau' s order to s] moke ` em," conveyed a threat of immediate or future bodily injury. Accordingly, we affirm Muasau' s felony harassment conviction. C. Fourth Degree Assault Next, Muasau claims that the State failed to prove fourth degree assault because it did not show that he committed an intentional, touching. Again, sufficient evidence supports offensive Muasau' s fourth degree assault conviction. Assault is a willful act. State v. Davis, 119 Wn.2d 657, 663, 835 P. 2d 1039 ( 1992). The intent required to prove an assault is " merely the intent to make physical contact with the victim, not the intent that the 119, 246 P. 3d 1280, with little or no contact review bodily be a malicious or criminal act." denied, 171 Wn.2d 1029 ( 2011). harm, committed without a deadly State v. Jarvis, 160 Wn. App. 111, Fourth degree assault is an assault weapon. State v. Hahn, 174 Wn.2d 126, 129, 271 P. 3d 892 ( 2012). Here, the trial court instructed the jury of the following elements to convict Muasau of fourth degree assault: That on or about the 8th day of August, 2010, the defendant or an accomplice 1) assaulted Rusty Parrott; and 2) CP at 63. That this act occurred in the State of Washington. The trial court defined assault as " an intentional touching or striking of another person, that is harmful or offensive regardless of whether any physical injury is done to the person." CP at 65. 12 No. 42509- 2- II/ No. 42522- 0- 11/ No. 42708 -7 -II The State presented considerable evidence from which the jury could have reasonably inferred Muasau' the the side of s intent to assault Parrott. Here, Edmiston testified that Muasau hit Parrott on head. Parrott also testified that Muasau hit him on his right cheek with his fist. Next, taking this evidence in a light most favorable to the State, the jury could reasonably infer that hitting someone in the face would be harmful or offensive. And, given the context of Muasau' s activities in the trailer, the jury could reasonably infer from Muasau' s apparent anger and willingness to be physical with Parrott that he intended to Muasau had physically taken the telephone from Parrott Edmiston and Parrott onto the floor before demolishing strike and smashed the trailer' s Parrott. For example, it. Muasau also forced bedroom. Viewing this evidence in a light most favorable to the State, the jury could reasonably infer that Muasau intended to strike Parrott in the face, an offensive or harmful act. Accordingly, we affirm Muasau' s fourth degree assault conviction. III. INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL Muasau next claims that his defense counsel provided ineffective assistance when he failed to argue that Muasau' s felony harassment and first degree burglary convictions amounted to same criminal conduct for sentencing purposes. Muasau does not demonstrate deficient performance or prejudice, so he therefore cannot prevail. 13 No. 42509- 2- II/ No. 42522 -0 -II/ No. 42708 -7 -II A. Standard of Review and Rules of Law To demonstrate ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must show that his lawyer' s representation was v. deficient and the deficient performance prejudiced the defendant. Strickland Washington, 466 U. S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 ( 1984). Representation is deficient if it falls below an objective standard of reasonableness based on consideration of all the circumstances. State McFarland, 127 Wn.2d 322, 334 -35, v. 899 P. 2d 1251 ( 1995). Prejudice occurs when but for counsel' s deficient performance, the proceeding' s result would have been different. McFarland, 127 Wn.2d need not consider both at 335. If a party fails to satisfy either prong, we State v. Foster, 140 Wn. App. 266, 273, 166 P. 3d 726, review prongs. denied, 162 Wn.2d 1007 ( 2007). A sentencing court calculates the offender score by adding current offenses and prior convictions. other offenses current encompass finding, the those 9. 94A. 589( 1)( the RCW 9. 94A.589( 1)( The offender score for each current offense includes all the trial court same criminal conduct." current a). same criminal victim. unless a). offenses are finds " that some or all of the current offenses RCW 9. 94A. 589( 1)( counted as one crime a). Where the court makes such a for sentencing purposes. RCW Offenses constitute the same criminal conduct if they are ( 1) committed with intent, ( 2) committed at the same time and place, and ( 3) involve the same RCW 9. 94A. 589( 1)( a); State v. Vike, 125 Wn. 2d 407, 410, 885 P. 2d 824 ( 1994). In determining whether multiple crimes constitute the same criminal conduct, courts consider how intimately related the crimes are, whether between the crimes charged there was any substantial change in the nature of the criminal objective, and whether one crime furthered the other. State 14 No. 42509- 2- II/No. 42522 -0 -II/ No. 42708 -7 -II v. Burns, 114 Wn.2d 314, 318, 788 P. 2d 531 ( 1990). And crimes involving multiple victims must be treated separately. State v. Dunaway, 109 Wn.2d 207, 215, 743 P. 2d 1237, 749 P. 2d 160 1987). And, of a we burglary burglary, and have shall an antimerger statute commit may be other any prosecuted for for crime, each burglary, " Every person who, in the commission may be crime punished separately." therefor[ e] as well as for the RCW 9A. 52. 050. This statute gives trial courts discretion to punish burglary, even if the burglary and another crime encompass the same criminal conduct. State v. Lessley, 118 Wn.2d 773, 781, 827 P. 2d 996 ( 1992). B. Analysis First, Muasau cannot demonstrate deficient performance. Because the burglary involved two victims in the trailer, Edmiston and Parrott, and the felony harassment conviction involved just one victim, Parrott, the crimes involved different victims and thus, would not constitute same criminal conduct. See RCW 9. 94A.589( 1)( a); Dunaway, 109 Wn.2d at 215. Second, because of the antimerger statute, even if Muasau' s first degree burglary, felony harassment, or fourth degree assault convictions encompassed same criminal conduct, the trial court had the legal authority to Wn.2d at 781. punish Muasau separately on each offense. See Lessley, 118 Muasau cannot now show that the trial court would not have exercised its discretion to apply the antimerger statute. Unable to show deficient performance, Muasau does not demonstrate ineffective assistance of counsel. IV. SMITH' S SAG Smith raises a series of other issues in his SAG. None of these claims has merit. 15 No. 42509- 2- II/No. 42522- 0- 11/ No. 42708 -7 -II A. Grounds for Continuance Smith claims that defense counsel' s vacation plans were not adequate grounds for a His claim mischaracterizes the trial court' s stated reasons for CrR 3. 3. continuance under granting the continuance. Here, in addition to defense counsel being on a preplanned vacation during the September 16, 2010 pretrial continuance hearing, defense counsel needed more time to adequately prepare, negotiate, complexity, that it involved a and third strike The trial investigate. court offense and codefendants. also noted the case' s Accordingly, the trial court did not continue Smith' s trial solely because of counsel' s vacation; and, it did not abuse its discretion in continuing trial in furtherance of the administration ofjustice. B. Davis' s Credibility Smith also argues that Davis' s credibility was suspect and unreliable. But because credibility determinations are reserved for the trier of fact, we defer to the jury on issues of witness credibility and will not review its determinations. Thomas, 150 Wn.2d at 874 -75. C. Jury Instructions Smith next argues that the trial court erred in reading the jury an incomplete instruction regarding Smith' s right not to testify. The trial court instructed, " A defendant is not required to testify. You may not use the fact that a defendant has not testified to infer guilt or prejudice him in any way." CP at 406. Even had Smith objected to the instruction at trial to preserve this issue, he does not attempt to demonstrate how this instruction is incomplete. 1 No. 42509- 2- II/No. 42522 -0 -II/ No. 42708 -7 -II D. Jury Trial Right: Third Strike Finding Smith claims that the trial court violated his jury trial right when it imposed a third strike sentence because the jury did not find that Smith had twice previously been convicted of strike He asserts that his classification as a persistent offender must be proved to a jury offenses. beyond a reasonable doubt, and that his classification as a persistent offender violates equal protection. He does not demonstrate error. Our state and federal courts have already rejected the claim that a. defendant is entitled to have a jury decide whether he is a persistent offender. See State v. Smith, 150 Wn.2d 135, 14143, 75 P. 3d 934 ( 2003), cent. denied, 541 U. S. 909 ( 2004). Thus, his claim fails on this issue. Our courts have also already rejected his claim that his classification as a persistent offender v. arbitrarily discriminates between two Reyes Brooks, 165 Wn. grounds by App. classes of similarly situated recidivists. 193, 206 -07, 267 P. 3d 465 ( 2011), 175 Wn.2d 1020 ( 2012). See State review granted on other Smith' s claim fails. E. Ineffective Assistance Smith finally claims instances of ineffective assistance of counsel. He raises general claims relating to defense counsel' s failure to object to unspecified points at trial, unspecified equal protection evidence, and violations, failure to improperly suppressed evidence, the State' s failure to disclose request evidentiary hearings. His general, nonspecific claims fail to demonstrate deficient performance or prejudice. Therefore, his ineffective assistance claims fail. 17 No. 425 09- 2- II/No. 42522 -0 -II/ No. 42708 -7 -II We affirm. A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW 2. 06. 040, it is so ordered. Johanson, A.C. J. 18

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