Herman Openzo Cook v Commonwealth
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA Present: Judges Felton, Kelsey and Senior Judge Willis Argued at Richmond, Virginia HERMAN OPENZO COOK v. Record No. 1968-02-2 MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY JUDGE JERE M. H. WILLIS JULY 1, 2003 COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF CITY OF RICHMOND Robert W. Duling, Judge Designate Matthew T. Paulk (Blackburn, Conte, Schilling & Click, P.C., on brief), for appellant. Michael T. Judge, Assistant Attorney General (Jerry W. Kilgore, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee. Herman Openzo Cook appeals his convictions of attempted first-degree murder, use of a firearm in the commission of attempted murder, robbery, and use of a firearm in the commission of robbery. He contends: (1) that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to try him as an adult because he was not afforded a preliminary or transfer hearing in the juvenile and domestic relations district court as required by Code § 16.1-269.1; and (2) that the evidence was insufficient to support his convictions of attempted first-degree murder and use of a firearm in the commission thereof. Because the trial court had jurisdiction to * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. try Cook as an adult and the evidence supports his convictions, we affirm the judgment of the trial court. BACKGROUND In October, 2000, the Commonwealth filed in the juvenile and domestic district court three petitions charging Cook, a juvenile, with robbery and aggravated malicious wounding. The juvenile court certified the charges to the grand jury pursuant to Code § 16.1-269.1(C). Cook was indicted by the grand jury. However, on April 13, 2001, the circuit court entered a nolle prosequi on the indictments. Although the Commonwealth could have reinstated the charges by subsequent indictment, Code § 16.1-269(E), it did not do so. On September 20, 2001, petitions were filed in the juvenile and domestic relations district court charging Cook with the instant offenses, alleged to have been committed on September 11, 2001, while he was seventeen years of age. Noting Cook's previous certification and indictment for prosecution as an adult, the juvenile court transferred the charges to the general district court pursuant to Code § 16.1-271. The general district court certified the charges to the grand jury, which indicted Cook. indictment. The circuit court convicted him on each Those convictions are the subject of this appeal. "On appeal, 'we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom.'" - 2 - Archer v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 1, 11, 492 S.E.2d 826, 831 (1997) (citation omitted). "The credibility of the witnesses and the weight accorded the evidence are matters solely for the fact finder who has the opportunity to see and hear that evidence as it is presented." Sandoval v. Commonwealth, 20 Va. App. 133, 138, 455 S.E.2d 730, 732 (1995). So viewed, the evidence disclosed that on September 11, 2001, Quinton Montague was walking with Beverly Pinkney and another friend toward his truck when he noticed that one of the windows of the truck had been broken. friends to investigate. He ran ahead of his While standing next to his truck, he heard gunshots and dropped to the ground. other side of the parking lot. Pinkney ran to the She saw Cook, whom she recognized from the neighborhood, climb on top of the truck and fire his weapon downward at Montague. When the shooting stopped, Montague and Pinkney ran to a nearby apartment building and began knocking at a friend's door. While they were in the apartment building corridor, Cook, with his gun drawn, confronted Montague and demanded everything in his pocket. Montague gave Cook $3,000. Montague also recognized Cook from the neighborhood. ANALYSIS Circuit Court Jurisdiction Cook contends that because the previously certified charges against him ended with a nolle prosequi, he should have been - 3 - proceeded against as a juvenile and was entitled to another proceeding pursuant to Code § 16.1-269.1(C) in the juvenile and domestic relations district court. Because he was denied this, he asserts, the trial court did not acquire jurisdiction to try him as an adult. Code § 16.1-271 provides, in pertinent part: The trial or treatment of a juvenile as an adult pursuant to the provisions of this chapter shall preclude the juvenile court from taking jurisdiction of such juvenile for subsequent offenses committed by that juvenile. Any juvenile who is tried and convicted in a circuit court as an adult under the provisions of this article shall be considered and treated as an adult in any criminal proceeding resulting from any alleged future criminal acts and any pending allegations of delinquency which have not been disposed of by the juvenile court at the time of the criminal conviction. Cook argues, first, that the second paragraph of the statute sets forth the circumstances under which a circuit court disposition commits a juvenile to adult status and treatment with respect to future misconduct. He argues, second, that even if the first paragraph of the statute controls, the nolle prosequi entered in his earlier case rendered that proceeding a nullity, which did not constitute his "treatment" as an adult. The first paragraph of Code § 16.1-271 operates only with respect to offenses subsequent to the trial or treatment of the juvenile as an adult. The second paragraph addresses not only - 4 - alleged future criminal acts, but also unconcluded "pending allegations of delinquency." Id. (Emphasis added.) involves only the first paragraph. This case Thus, we are concerned only with whether Cook's earlier prosecution constituted trial or treatment as an adult. He was not tried, so our inquiry focuses on whether he was "treated" as an adult. We conclude that he was. "'Generally, the words and phrases used in a statute should be given their ordinary and usually accepted meaning unless a different intention is fairly manifest.' 'The plain, obvious, and rational meaning of a statute is always preferred to any curious, narrow or strained construction . . . .'" Broadnax v. Commonwealth, 24 Va. App. 808, 814, 485 S.E.2d 666, 668 (1997) (citations omitted). "Prior to July 1, 1994, the first paragraph of Code § 16.1-271 provided that '[t]he trial or treatment of a juvenile as an adult . . . shall not preclude the [juvenile] court from taking jurisdiction of such juvenile for subsequent offenses committed by that juvenile.'" (footnote omitted). Id. at 813, 485 S.E.2d at 668 "A presumption normally arises that the legislature intended a substantive change in the law when it adds a new provision to an existing statute by amendatory act." Id. at 814, 485 S.E.2d at 669 (citation omitted). The intent and effect of the legislature's deletion of the word "not" in the first paragraph of Code § 16.1-271 by the 1994 - 5 - amendment could not be clearer. The language indicates, without question, that the legislature intended this amendment to divest the juvenile court of jurisdiction over a juvenile once the juvenile has been previously tried or treated as an adult under this chapter. Further, the language is mandatory . . . . These provisions are not ambiguous, and must be given their plain, obvious, and rational meaning. Id. at 815, 485 S.E.2d at 669 (citation omitted)(emphasis deleted in part). [T]he statute[] clearly reveal[s] the legislature's intent that the event that requires all future actions involving the certified juvenile to commence as an adult is triggered by the probable cause finding and certification on the . . . felonies, not the ultimate finding at trial. Any juvenile "tried or treated" in the circuit court is removed from the juvenile justice system and must be considered and treated as an adult in any future criminal proceedings, irrespective of that trial's outcome. Hughes v. Commonwealth, 39 Va. App. 448, 461, 573 S.E.2d 324, 330 (2002) (citation omitted). We have held that when "'the trial court enters a nolle prosequi of [an] indictment, it lays "to rest that indictment and the underlying warrant without disposition, as though they had never existed."'" Kenyon v. Commonwealth, 37 Va. App. 668, 675, 561 S.E.2d 17, 20 (2002)(citation omitted). means "just as if." "As though" This concept has meaning only when considered in recognition that the proceeding did, in fact, occur. The bare fact that a nol prossed indictment has no - 6 - ongoing validity or effect does not alter the fact that the indictment and its underlying process occurred. Cook's certification in 2000 pursuant to Code § 16.1-269.1(C) established his status as an adult for jurisdictional purposes. He was then treated as an adult by the circuit court, where he was indicted and arraigned. Although those charges were terminated by nolle prosequi, he was nonetheless during the pendency of those proceedings treated as an adult, which status continued pursuant to Code § 16.1-271. The juvenile court was precluded from exercising jurisdiction over him with respect to the charges embraced in this appeal, and the trial court properly acquired jurisdiction. SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE Cook argues that the evidence was insufficient to prove he intended to kill Montague. To prove the crime of attempted murder two essential elements must be established. The specific intent to kill the victim must be shown and this must be coupled with evidence of some overt but ineffectual act in furtherance of this purpose. The use of a deadly weapon, standing alone, is not sufficient to prove the specific intent required to establish attempted murder. Hargrave v. Commonwealth, 214 Va. 436, 437, 201 S.E.2d 597, 598 (1974) (citation omitted) (emphasis added). "The necessary intent is the intent in fact, as distinguished from an intent in law. Intent in fact is the purpose formed in a person's mind - 7 - which may be shown by his conduct." Epps v. Commonwealth, 216 Va. 150, 156, 216 S.E.2d 64, 69 (1975) (citations omitted). Pinkney testified she saw Cook climb atop Montague's truck and repeatedly fire his weapon toward Montague, who was on the ground trying to shield himself with the truck. This conduct was sufficient to prove Cook's requisite intent to kill Montague. Therefore, the evidence was sufficient to support the convictions of attempted murder and use of a firearm in the commission of attempted murder. The judgment of the trial court is affirmed. Affirmed. - 8 -
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