Chin Chuan Yeh v Shunko Kisaka
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA Present: Judges Baker, Elder and Fitzpatrick CHIN CHUAN YEH v. MEMORANDUM OPINION * PER CURIAM JUNE 10, 1997 Record No. 3111-96-4 SHUNKO KISAKA FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FAIRFAX COUNTY Leslie M. Alden, Judge (Chin Chuan Yeh, pro se, on briefs). (Sean J. Coleman; Coleman & Wood, on brief), for appellee. Chin Chuan Yeh (husband) appeals the decision of the circuit court awarding Shunko Kisaka (wife) a divorce. Husband, a Chinese immigrant, contends that he was denied the right to an attorney, the opportunity to confront witnesses, and "appellate rights" because there was "[n]o record of interpreter [and he was] unable to verify witness testimony." Husband also contends that the trial proceedings were tainted because the interpreter was an interested party and used a false identity with the knowledge of wife's counsel. Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude that this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. Rule 5A:27. The record on appeal consists of the circuit court's file, * Pursuant to Code ยง 17-116.010 this opinion is not designated for publication. including the exhibits presented at the commissioner's hearing. Husband did not file either a transcript or a written statement of facts. While "[t]he absence . . . of the transcript . . . does nothing to diminish our jurisdiction," we must determine issue by issue whether the record on appeal is sufficient in the absence of a transcript or written statement of facts to determine the merits of husband's allegations. See Turner v. Commonwealth, 2 Va. App. 96, 99, 341 S.E.2d 400, 402 (1986). Husband's contention that he was denied an attorney is without merit. The record indicates that husband represented himself throughout the proceedings. The record also indicates that the matter originally was set for trial on February 9, 1996, but was continued due to husband's motions and previous interlocutory appeal. Wife sought a hearing on October 25, 1996 for entry of the final decree. until November 8, 1996. Husband was granted a continuance By motion filed on November 5, 1996, husband sought an additional continuance, alleging that he had decided to hire an attorney. Husband does not specify the basis of his claim, but the record does not indicate that husband is indigent. The right to appointed counsel does not extend to civil domestic cases of divorce and child custody. S.L.J., __ U.S. __, __, 117 S. Ct. 555, 569 (1996). See M.L.B. v. It was within the discretion of the trial court whether to grant yet another continuance to allow husband additional time to obtain counsel. See Bolden v. Commonwealth, 11 Va. App. 187, 397 S.E.2d 2 534 (1990). We cannot say the trial court abused its discretion by denying husband additional time to obtain counsel. We find the record inadequate to review husband's contention that he was denied the opportunity to confront witnesses. "It is basic that an appellant has the primary responsibility of ensuring that a complete record is furnished to an appellate court so that the errors assigned may be decided properly." Ferguson v. Commonwealth, 10 Va. App. 189, 194, 390 S.E.2d 782, 785, aff'd in part, rev'd in part, 240 Va. ix, 396 S.E.2d 675 (1990). We read husband's next contention as arguing that he was denied a transcript. There is no automatic right to a transcript in cases of divorce and, therefore, we find no reversible error. See generally Britt v. North Carolina, 404 U.S. 226, 227 (1971); Young v. Commonwealth, 218 Va. 885, 886-87, 241 S.E.2d 797, 798 (1978). Finally, the record demonstrates that husband presented his allegations concerning the interpreter to the trial court as exceptions to the findings of the commissioner. The credibility of the witnesses was a matter for the determination of the commissioner who heard and saw them testify. The trial court overruled husband's exceptions, and we find nothing in the record to support husband's allegations. Moreover, even if we were to accept husband's allegations as true, they do not demonstrate that the court committed reversible error or abused its 3 discretion in granting wife's divorce on the basis of a one-year separation, affirming and merging the parties' separation agreement, or granting wife custody of the parties' children and child support. Accordingly, the decision of the circuit court is summarily affirmed. Affirmed. 4
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