Salvador Eliseo Pena v. State of Texas--Appeal from 47th District Court of Randall County (majority)
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NO. 07-10-0503-CV
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
AT AMARILLO
PANEL A
JULY 9, 2012
______________________________
SALVADOR ELISEO PENA, APPELLANT
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE
_________________________________
FROM THE 47TH DISTRICT COURT OF RANDALL COUNTY;
NO. 18,827-A; HONORABLE DAN SCHAAP, JUDGE
_______________________________
Before CAMPBELL and HANCOCK and PIRTLE, JJ.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
In 2008, Appellant, Salvador Eliseo Pena, was convicted of engaging in
organized criminal activity1 and sentenced to fifteen years confinement. On November
22, 2010, the trial court entered an Order to Withdraw Funds pursuant to section
501.014(e) of the Texas Government Code directing the Institutional Division of the
Texas Department of Criminal Justice to withhold $291.50 from his inmate account.
1
Tex. Penal Code Ann. §71.02 (West 2011).
Although the 2008 judgment of conviction provided that the "State of Texas do have and
recover of said [Appellant] all court costs in this prosecution expended for which
execution will issue," the summary portion of the judgment left the amount of costs
blank. In response to the withdrawal of funds notification, Appellant filed a Motion for
New Trial in which he disputed liability for the costs and fees assessed. He requested
that the trial court delete the costs and fees from the withdrawal order.
In a very
detailed order, the trial court denied Appellant's motion. Appellant presents two issues
raising due process and equal protection violations and alleging error because there
was no oral pronouncement of the costs at the time he was originally sentenced.
He
also maintains that entry of the Order to Withdraw Funds subsequent to his original
conviction sentenced him to a "second civil punishment after criminal punishment."
Consistent with the State's concession of error discussed hereinbelow, we modify the
Order to Withdraw Funds and affirm the trial court's Order Denying Defendant's Motion
for New Trial.
Appellant challenges the costs and fees assessed which include:
$5 for Commitment - District Court
$133 for Consolidated State Criminal Costs - DC
$5 for Courthouse Security - D
$40 for District Clerk Fees
$0.60 for Judiciary Support
$3.40 for Judiciary Support - State
$4 for Juror Reimbursement Fee2
$0.50 for Juvenile Crime and Delinquency
$22.50 for Records Management
$2.50 for Records Management D Clerk Criminal
2
Although Appellant argues the Juror Reimbursement Fee is unauthorized because he waived a jury trial,
article 102.0045 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure provides that a person convicted of any
offense, other than an offense relating to a pedestrian or the parking of a motor vehicle, shall pay as a
court cost . . . a fee of $4. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 102.0045 (West Supp. 2011).
2
$25 for Time Payment
$50 Arrest Fee RCSO - Felony - D
The fees total $291.50, which is the amount ordered to be withdrawn from Appellant's
inmate account.
Standard of Review
We review a trial court's decision whether to grant or deny a challenge to a
withdrawal notification under an abuse of discretion standard. Williams, 332 S.W.3d
694, 698 (Tex.App.--Amarillo 2011, pet. denied).
A trial court abuses its discretion
when it acts "without reference to any guiding rules and principles." Quixtar Inc. v.
Signature Mgmt. Team, LLC, 315 S.W.3d 28, 31 (Tex. 2010) (quoting Downer v.
Aquamarine Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 241-42 (Tex. 1985)); Howell v. State, 175
S.W.3d 786, 792 (Tex.Crim.App. 2005); Montgomery v. State, 810 S.W.2d 372, 380
(Tex.Crim.App. 1990). Furthermore, a trial court abuses its discretion if "it reaches a
decision so arbitrary and unreasonable as to amount to a clear and prejudicial error of
law." Johnson v. Fourth Court of Appeals, 700 S.W.2d 916, 917 (Tex. 1985).
I. Analysis
A. Due Process
We first address Appellant's contention that he was denied due process.
In
Harrell v. State, 286 S.W.3d 315 (Tex. 2009), the Texas Supreme Court held that a
withdrawal notification directing prison officials to withdraw money from an inmate
account pursuant to section 501.014(e) does not violate due process and is, therefore,
constitutional when the inmate has "received some measure of due process." Id. at
3
320. In determining whether Harrell was accorded constitutional due process, the Court
balanced the three factors discussed in Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 335, 96
S.Ct. 893, 47 L.Ed.2d 18 (1976).3
The Court concluded that because Harrell had
received notice of the withdrawal (a copy of the withdrawal notification) and an
opportunity to contest the dollar amount and statutory basis of the withdrawal (a motion
to rescind or modify the withdrawal notification),4 he received all that due process
required. Harrell, 286 S.W.3d at 321. The Court also noted that it is inconsequential
that the notice came post-withdrawal and it added that neither notice nor an opportunity
to be heard need occur before the issuance of a withdrawal notification. Id. This Court
has interpreted Harrell as saying that due process requires that an inmate have an
opportunity to contest the dollar amount and statutory basis of the withdrawal by way of
a motion to modify, correct or rescind the withdrawal notification.5
See Snelson v.
State, 326 S.W.3d 754, 756 (Tex.App.--Amarillo 2010, no pet.); Williams v. State, 322
S.W.3d 301 (Tex.App.--Amarillo 2010, no pet.); and Bryant v. State, No. 07-10-00358CV, 2010 Tex. App. LEXIS 8059, at *4-5 (Tex.App.--Amarillo Oct. 5, 2010, no pet.)
(mem. op.). By initiating that process, Appellant invoked the jurisdiction of the trial court
to determine whether he received due process.
3
The three Eldridge factors are: (1) the private interest affected by the official action, (2) the risk of an
erroneous deprivation of such interests through the procedures used, and the probable value, if any, of
additional or substitute procedural safeguards, and (3) the Government's interest, including the function
involved and the fiscal and administrative burdens that additional or substitute procedural requirements
would entail.
4
The trial court denied Harrell's Motion to Rescind. See Harrell v. State, Nos. 07-06-0469-CR, 07-060470-CR, 2007 Tex. App. LEXIS 6416, at *2 (Tex.App.--Amarillo Aug. 13, 2007), rev'd, 286 S.W.3d 315
(Tex. 2009).
5
We interpret the substance of Appellant's Motion for New Trial as his challenge to the withdrawal
notification.
4
Appellant received notice of the withdrawal via the Order to Withdraw Funds.
Additionally, by the proceeding the subject of this appeal, Appellant was given the
opportunity to contest the statutory basis and dollar amount of the costs and fees
assessed. Therefore, according to Harrell, Appellant received adequate due process.
B. Inability to Pay
Appellant next contends he has no ability to pay the assessed costs and fees
and that the Order to Withdraw Funds acknowledges that fact by providing:
[t]he Court finds that the offender is unable to pay the court costs, fees
and/or fines . . . on this date and that the funds should be withdrawn from
the offender's Inmate Trust Account.
While "inability to pay" can be a defense to assessment of "the costs of legal services,"
i.e., court-appointed attorney's fees, Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 26.05(g) (West
Supp. 2011), Mayer v. State, 309 S.W.3d 552, 557 (Tex.Crim.App. 2010), it is not a
defense to legislatively mandated fees.6 Accordingly, Appellant is responsible for those
costs and fees, regardless of his ability to pay. See Owen v. State, 352 S.W. 542, 546
(Tex.App.--Amarillo 2011, no pet.).
6
See, e.g., Tex. Alco. Bev. Code Ann. § 106.12 (West 2007); Tex. Bus. & Com. Code Ann. § 3.506 (West
Supp. 2011); Tex. Bus. Orgs. Code Ann. § 10.365 (West Supp. 2011); Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. arts.
17.42, 17.43, 17.441, 37.073, 42.037, 42.12, 42.22, 45.0216, 45.026, 45.041, 45.051, 45.055, 45.0511(c1), 45.0511(f)(1 - 2), 45.052, 45.203, 62.353, 102.001 - 102.072, 103.0031 (West 2006 & Supp. 2011);
Tex. Educ. Code Ann. §37.011 (West Supp. 2011); Tex. Fam. Code Ann. §§ 8.262, 8.267, 8.302, 8.303,
45.106, 53.03, 54.032, 54.0411, 54.0461, 54.0462, 54.061, 81.003, 108.006, 110.002, 110.004, 110.005,
158.319, 158.403, 158.503, 160.762, 232.013 (West 2006, 2008 & Supp. 2011); Tex. Gov't Code Ann. §§
25.0593, 25.0594, 25.1572, 25.2223, 30.00014, 30.00147, 41.258, 51.601, 51.702 - 51,703, 54.313,
54.403,54.745, 54.663, 54.913, 54.983, 54.954, 54.1116, 76.015, 82.0361, 102.001 - 103.033, 411.081
(West 2005 & Supp. 2011); Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. §§ 161.255, 469.004, 821.023 (West 2010);
Tex. Hum. Res. Code Ann. § 152.0522 (West 2001); Tex. Local Gov't Code Ann. §§ 118.131, 132.002,
132.003, 133.101 - 133.154, 191.007 (West 2008 & Supp. 2011); Tex. Parks and Wild. Code Ann. §§
12.110, 12.308 (West Supp. 2011); Tex. Transp. Code Ann. §§ 284.2031, 521.026, 521.048, 542.403,
542.407, 545.412, 548.605, 601.263, 706.006 (West 1999, 2007 & Supp. 2011) (not intended as an
exhaustive list).
5
C. No Oral Pronouncement
Appellant's final complaint is that there was no oral pronouncement of the costs
and fees at the time he was originally sentenced. Legislatively mandated fees and
costs may be withdrawn from an inmate's account without regard to his ability to pay
and do not need to be included in the oral pronouncement of sentence or in the written
judgment in order to be imposed upon a convicted defendant. See Armstrong v. State,
340 S.W.3d 759, 766-67 (Tex.Crim.App. 2011) (citing Weir v. State, 278 S.W.3d 364,
367 (Tex.Crim.App. 2009)). Therefore, such fees are properly collectable by means of
a withdrawal notification regardless of whether the trial court orally pronounced the
assessment of those costs and fees when Appellant was originally sentenced. See
Williams, 332 S.W.3d at 700. Appellant's issues are overruled.
D. Statutory Basis for Costs and Fees
Here, the costs and fees challenged by Appellant are all authorized by statute,
save and except $0.50 assessed for a Juvenile Delinquency Fee which the State
candidly concedes it can find no statutory basis for as applied to offenses committed
after 2003. As such, the State does not oppose deleting that fee from the total costs
and fees assessed against Appellant.
Conclusion
Consistent with the State's concession, this Court directs that the last sentence of
the first paragraph of the Order to Withdraw Funds be modified to reflect that "[c]ourt
costs, fees and/or fines and/or restitution have been incurred in the amount of $291.00."
6
This Court further directs that a corrected Order to Withdraw Funds be delivered to the
Institutional Division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.
Subject to that
modification, the trial court's Order Denying Defendant's Motion for New Trial is
affirmed.
Patrick A. Pirtle
Justice
7
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