Jeannette Emmert v. State of Texas--Appeal from County Court of Wheeler County
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NO. 07-00-0373-CR
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
AT AMARILLO
PANEL E
JANUARY 28, 2003
______________________________
JEANNETTE MITCHELL EMMERT, APPELLANT
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE
_________________________________
FROM THE COUNTY COURT OF WHEELER COUNTY*;
NO. 7141; HONORABLE JERRY DAN HEFLEY, JUDGE
_______________________________
Before QUINN and REAVIS, JJ. and BOYD, S.J.*
MEMORANDUM OPINION1
*
John T. Boyd, Chief Justice (Ret.), Seventh Court of Appeals, sitting by
assignment.
1
Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
Following a plea of not guilty, appellant was convicted by a jury of burglary of a
vehicle and punishment was assessed at zero days confinement, suspended for one year.
After appellant filed her notice of appeal, this Court requested that her attorney show
cause why the appeal should not be dismissed for what appeared to be an untimely notice
of appeal. Counsel responded by filing a motion for extension of time in which to prepare
a record of the sentencing hearing which was conducted nine months after appellant was
convicted and would establish that the notice was timely. We grant the motion and after
reviewing the record of the sentencing hearing conclude that appellant’s notice of appeal
was timely filed.
By a sole issue, appellant contends her in-court identification was
insufficient to support her conviction. Based upon the rationale expressed herein, we
affirm.
Soon after her husband’s death, complainant, had possession of her husband’s blue
truck. Appellant is the twin sister of complainant’s deceased husband.2 On the morning
of November 6, 1997, as complainant was leaving for work, she glanced into the truck and
checked that the doors were locked. She noticed her husband’s business papers in the
visor and on the console as well as a pair of expensive Kelly spurs hanging from the gear
shift. According to complainant, her keys to the truck were on a key rack inside her locked
2
Testimony from several witnesses upon cross-examination established that
complainant’s family and appellant’s family had been involved in a will contest involving
the estate of complainant’s husband.
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home and her son had a second set. Complainant’s son claimed that he used the truck
the previous day to work on the ranch, but returned it and locked the doors.
Complainant’s daughter-in-law testified that on the morning of November 6 she was
driving by complainant’s home and noticed a white van on the property and a man and
woman “going through” the blue truck. She recognized the woman as appellant and drove
to complainant’s workplace to inform her about what she had observed. Upon returning
home complainant did not find anyone there, but noticed that the Kelly spurs were missing
and the papers in the truck looked in disarray. She called her son to notify him of the
incident and the police chief was called to investigate. Complainant also noticed that her
set of keys was missing from the key rack in her home. Approximately two months after
the incident, appellant voluntarily gave a statement to the police chief, and one year after
the incident she was charged with burglary of a vehicle.
By her sole issue, appellant argues that the trial court erred in not granting her
motion for instructed verdict because the in-court identification evidence is insufficient to
support her conviction. We disagree and consider a complaint about the failure to grant
an instructed verdict as a legal sufficiency challenge. See Williams v. State, 937 S.W.2d
479, 482 (Tex.Cr.App. 1996); Mabra v. State, 997 S.W.2d 770, 774 (Tex.App.–Amarillo
1999, pet. ref’d). In conducting a legal sufficiency review, we must determine whether,
after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier
of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.
3
Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 2789, 61 L.Ed.2d 560, 573 (1979);
Geesa v. State, 820 S.W.2d 154, 157 (Tex.Cr.App. 1991), overruled on other grounds,
Paulson v. State, 28 S.W.3d 570, 573 (Tex.Cr.App. 2000). As an appellate court, we may
not sit as a thirteenth juror, but must uphold the jury's verdict unless it is irrational or
unsupported by more than a mere modicum of evidence. Moreno v. State, 755 S.W.2d
866, 867 (Tex.Cr.App. 1988).
A person commits burglary of a vehicle if he breaks into or enters a vehicle or any
part of a vehicle with intent to commit any felony or theft. Tex. Pen. Code Ann. § 30.04(a)
(Vernon 1994).3 However, because appellant limits her complaint to the identity element,
which must be proven in every case, Lauderback v. State, 789 S.W.2d 343, 348
(Tex.App.–Fort Worth 1990, pet. ref’d), we focus our analysis on that element.
While complainant’s daughter-in-law was testifying, the prosecutor asked if she had
met appellant before and she replied:
A.
Yes, I had just recently – I had met her a number of times. The most
recent time that I saw her was at [complainant’s husband’s] funeral.
Q.
Would you point out Jeanette in the courtroom?
A.
That’s her right there (indicating).
[Prosecutor]: Let the record show that she pointed at the
Defendant.
3
Section 30.04 was amended in 1999; however, we apply the law in effect when the
offense was committed. See Act of May 26, 1999, 76th Leg., R.S., ch. 916, § 2(b), 1999
Tex. Gen. Laws 3638-39.
4
A neighbor of complainant’s testified that he had known appellant all her life and
that he observed her helping a man climb through complainant’s garage door window. The
prosecutor asked:
Q.
So, you do recognize Jeanette Mitchell Emmert?
A.
Yes.
Q.
And she is present in the courtroom?
A.
Yes.
Another of complainant’s neighbors testified that she noticed an unfamiliar vehicle
and noticed two people standing in complainant’s driveway. However, she could not recall
whether she identified the woman she observed as appellant at the time of the incident or
at a later date. During her testimony the prosecutor asked:
Q.
Is she the woman that you saw standing beside the pickup that day
about – regarding the events you’ve just described to us?
[Witness]: Can you look that way?
(Defendant complies).
A.
Looks like the same woman. Her hair is not quite as long and it’s not
quite as dark now.
The test for sufficiency of identification to support a conviction is whether we can
conclude from a totality of the circumstances that the jury was adequately apprised that
the witnesses were referring to appellant. Rohfling v. State, 612 S.W.2d 598, 601
(Tex.Cr.App. 1981). Although the Code of Criminal Procedure does not require a specific
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ritual for in-court identification, the better practice is to identify a defendant beyond a mere
reference by name. See Purkey v. State, 656 S.W.2d 519, 520 (Tex.App.–Beaumont
1983, pet. ref’d) (concluding that a lack of formal in-court identification did not render the
evidence insufficient to establish the defendant’s identity as the perpetrator).
Complainant’s daughter-in-law was asked by the prosecutor to point out appellant
and the record indicates that she did. We conclude this identification is sufficient to
establish appellant’s identity. Moreover, although complainant’s two neighbors did not
point out appellant, the totality of the circumstances indicates that the jury knew to whom
they were referring. Thus, we hold that the in-court identification evidence is sufficient to
support appellant’s conviction and that the trial court did not err in denying appellant’s
motion for instructed verdict. Appellant’s sole issue is overruled.
Accordingly, appellant’s motion for an extension is granted and the judgment of the
trial court is affirmed.
Per Curiam
Do not publish.
6
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