Com. v. Garcia, J. (memorandum)

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J-S67042-17 NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA Appellee v. JOSE GARCIA Appellant : : : : : : : : : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA No. 3449 EDA 2016 Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence October 10, 2016 In the Court of Common Pleas of Lehigh County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-39-CR-0000696-2016 BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., MUSMANNO, J., and STEVENS*, P.J.E. MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.: FILED NOVEMBER 13, 2017 Appellant, Jose Garcia, appeals from the judgment of sentence entered in the Lehigh County Court of Common Pleas, following his bench trial convictions for two counts of driving under the influence of alcohol or controlled substance (“DUI”), and one count each of careless driving, immediate notice of accident to police department, and driving while operating privilege is suspended or revoked.1 We affirm. In its opinion, the trial court fully and correctly set forth the relevant facts and procedural history of this case. Therefore, we have no reason to restate them. We clarify that Appellant was charged and convicted of two counts of DUI under Section 3802(a)(1). ____________________________________________ 1 75 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3802(a)(1), 3714(a), 3746(a)(2), 1543(a), respectively. ____________________________________ * Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court. J-S67042-17 Appellant raises three issues for our review: WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW IN DENYING [APPELLANT’S] REQUEST FOR A JURY TRIAL? WHETHER THE COMMONWEALTH PRESENTED SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE THAT [APPELLANT] DROVE, OPERATED, OR WAS IN ACTUAL PHYSICAL CONTROL OF THE VEHICLE AT TRIAL TO SUSTAIN THE DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE CHARGES? WHETHER THE VERDICT OF GUILTY WAS AGAINST THE WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE AS NO DIRECT EVIDENCE WAS PRESENTED AT TRIAL THAT [APPELLANT] DROVE, OPERATED, OR WAS IN ACTUAL PHYSICAL CONTROL OF THE VEHICLE, AND [APPELLANT’S] WITNESS TESTIFIED THAT SHE WAS THE DRIVER OF THE VEHICLE? (Appellant’s Brief at 5).2 After a thorough review of the record, the briefs of the parties, the applicable law, and the well-reasoned opinion of the Honorable Maria L. Dantos, we conclude Appellant’s first and second issues on appeal merit no relief. The trial court opinion comprehensively discusses and properly disposes of those questions. (See Trial Court Opinion, filed November 29, 2016, at 11-12; 2-6) (finding: (1) first DUI offense is ungraded misdemeanor punishable by up to six months’ imprisonment; when first offender refuses chemical testing, violation remains ungraded misdemeanor ____________________________________________ The summary of the argument section in Appellant’s brief does not pertain to any of the issues Appellant raises on appeal. Rather, this section inexplicably states the trial court erred by failing to grant Appellant’s motion to suppress evidence. The record suggests this misstatement was merely an inadvertent error by counsel. 2 -2- J-S67042-17 punishable by up to six months’ imprisonment;3 right to jury trial exists only when defendant faces charge which, alone, could lead to imprisonment greater than six months; thus, Appellant’s argument is legally flawed; (2) Commonwealth presented evidence that on August 22, 2015, at approximately 4:30 a.m., police received dispatch to accident in McDonald’s parking lot; Officer Beiner observed male, later identified as Appellant, standing outside of driver’s side door of pick-up truck which had damage to front and side fenders; Officer Beiner noticed another vehicle approximately 20 feet away had damage to it as well as nearby telephone pole; Appellant’s vehicle had yellow paint on it which appeared to be from utility pole; Appellant denied knowledge of accident; Appellant said his wife had been ____________________________________________ Appellant was charged with, inter alia, two counts of first-offense DUI under Section 3802(a)(1): count 1−DUI (general impairment) and count 2−DUI (general impairment with refusal). Appellant was not facing any charges subject to more than six months’ imprisonment. The court’s statement, therefore, is limited to the context of Appellant’s demand for a jury trial. We acknowledge the recent cases of Birchfield v. North Dakota, ___ U.S. ___, 136 S.Ct. 2160, 195 L.Ed.2d 560 (2016) and Commonwealth v. Giron, 155 A.3d 635 (Pa.Super. 2017) (holding that, pursuant to Birchfield, defendant who refuses to submit to warrantless blood draw cannot be subject to enhanced penalties under 75 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3803-3804; affirming appellant’s DUI conviction but vacating and remanding for resentencing). Significantly, the record in the present case makes clear the court imposed no penalty at all on Appellant’s conviction for count 2−DUI (general impairment with refusal). In fact, the court sentenced Appellant on only count 1−DUI (general impairment), plus fines/costs for the summary offenses. Therefore, this case did not involve an illegal sentence under Birchfield or Giron. Further, Appellant did not raise any Birchfield challenge to the validity of his conviction for count 2−DUI (general impairment with refusal). So, absent an illegal sentence on that conviction, Appellant is not entitled to relief on the grounds asserted. 3 -3- J-S67042-17 driving and was in McDonald’s using restroom; Officer Beiner went inside but no patrons were there as restaurant was closed except for employees; Officer Beiner noticed strong odor of alcohol on Appellant’s breath, and that Appellant had glassy and bloodshot eyes and was swaying; Appellant also kept repeating himself; Appellant refused to perform sobriety tests or consent to blood draw; court found completely incredible Appellant’s wife’s testimony that she was driver of vehicle, struck utility pole, went to use McDonald’s restroom but because restaurant was closed she walked to Walgreen’s to use restroom there, and it took her one hour to find bathroom and return to accident scene; Appellant’s license was under suspension on date in question; evidence was sufficient to sustain Appellant’s convictions). Therefore, with respect to Appellant’s first and second issues on appeal, we affirm on the basis of the trial court’s opinion. Regarding Appellant’s third issue, preliminarily, a challenge to the weight of the evidence must be preserved by a motion for a new trial. Pa.R.Crim.P. 607. The Rule provides: Rule 607. Challenges to the Weight of the Evidence (A) A claim that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence shall be raised with the trial judge in a motion for a new trial: (1) orally, sentencing; (2) or on the record, at any time before by written motion at any time before sentencing; -4- J-S67042-17 (3) in a post-sentence motion. Pa.R.Crim.P. 607(A)(1)-(3). “As noted in the comment to Rule 607, the purpose of this rule is to make it clear that a challenge to the weight of the evidence must be raised with the trial judge or it will be waived.” Commonwealth v. Gillard, 850 A.2d 1273, 1277 (Pa.Super. 2004), appeal denied, 581 Pa. 672, 863 A.2d 1143 (2004). An appellant’s failure to avail himself of any of the prescribed methods for presenting a weight of the evidence issue to the trial court constitutes waiver of that claim, even if the trial court responds to the claim in its Rule 1925(a) opinion. Commonwealth v. Burkett, 830 A.2d 1034 (Pa.Super. 2003). See also Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(A)(1) (explaining written post-sentence motion shall be filed no later than 10 days after imposition of sentence). Instantly, the court sentenced Appellant on October 10, 2016. Appellant did not raise a challenge to the weight of the evidence prior to sentencing or file a post-sentence motion within ten days of the imposition of his sentence. The trial court’s discussion of Appellant’s weight claim in its Rule 1925(a) opinion does not cure this defect. 4 Thus, Appellant’s weight claim is waived. See Burkett, supra. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 607; 720; Gillard, supra; Burkett, supra. Moreover, even if Appellant had preserved ____________________________________________ The full citation for Commonwealth v. Lyons (see Trial Court Opinion at 7), is 833 A.2d 245 (Pa.Super. 2003), appeal denied, 583 Pa. 695, 879 A.2d 782 (2005). 4 -5- J-S67042-17 his weight claim, we would affirm for the reasons stated in the trial court’s opinion. (See Trial Court Opinion at 2-7.) Accordingly, we affirm. Judgment of sentence affirmed. Judgment Entered. Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary Date: 11/13/2017 -6- Circulated 10/24/2017 10:08 AM IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF LEHIGH COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA CRIM INAL DMSION COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA Case No. 0696/2016 vs. JOSE GARCIA, Defendant APPEARAN CP~S: ADRA RENEE SMITH, ESQUIRE, SENIOR DEPUTY DISTRICT ATTORNEY, On behalf of the Commonwealth KATHRYN SMITH J ESQUIRE ) On behalf of the Defendant ·k * * * ~- ·}: ·): •k MEMORANDUM OPINION MARIA L. DANTOS, J. A non-jury trial was conducted in the within matter on August 15, 2016. At the conclusion of the trial, this Court found the Defendant, Jose Garcia, guilty of Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol (general impairment, first offense, highest tier), Careless ). 3 Driving.s Immediate Notice of Accident to Police Department," 75 Pa. C.S.A. § 3802(a)(l). 75 Pa. C.S.A. § 3714(a). 75 Pa. C.S.A. § 3746(a)(2). 1 and Driving While Operating Privilege is Suspended." Thereafter; on October 10, 2016, the Defendant was sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not less than one (1) month nor more than six (6) months in Lehigh County Jail, as well as costs and fines, to be run consecutively to the sentence imposed in Case No. 215/2016. followed on November 3, 2016. The within timely appeal Thereafter, this Court instructed the Defendant to file of record and serve upon this Court a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal no later than November 28, 2016, in accordance with Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure concise statement 1925(b). The Defendant timely complied with said Order. In his of matters complained of on appeal, the Defendant weight of the evidence and the sufficiency of the evidence. challenges the The Defendant also argues that this Court erred in not granting the Defendant a jury trial, as well as requests this Court to reconsider its sentence. A. Challe1.1gi11:g the Sufficiency of the Evidence The Defendant alleges that the evidence presented by the Commonwealth at trial was insufficient to sustain finding the Defendant guilty of Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol (general impairment, first offense, highest tier), Careless Driving, Immediate Notice of Accident to Police Department, and Driving Under Suspension. It is well-settled law in Pennsylvania that when reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence claim, the appellate court must review all of the evidence and all reasonable inferences drawn therefrom in a light most favorable to the Commonwealth as the verdict winner. Commonwealth v. TayJ.or, 831 A.2cl 66 i, 663 (Pa. Super. 2003), quoting ~ommonwealth v. DiStefano, 782 A.2d 574, 582 (Pa. Super. 200l)(stating that the standard applied in 75 Pa. C.S.A. § 1543(a}. 2 reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt); Commonwealth v. Klein, 795 A.2d 424, 426 (Pa. Super. 2002); Commonwealth v. Hall, 549 Pa. 269, 280, 701 A.2d 190, 1534, 140 L.Ed.2d 684 (1998). 195 (1997), cert. denied, 523 U.S. 1082, 118 S.Ct. Moreover, the facts and circumstances established by the Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of innocence. Commonwealth v. Hunzer, 868 A.2d 4-98, 505 (Pa. Super. 2005). With that standard in mind, we must determine whether the evidence was sufficient to prove all of the elements of the crimes, which the Defendant challenges, beyond a reasonable doubt. Commonwealth v. McCalman, 795 A.2cl 412, 415 (Pa. Super. 2002) (citing Commonwealth v. Passarelli, 789 A.2d 708, 716 (Pa. Super. 2001) (citations and quotations omitted)). Furthermore, a mere conflict in the testimony does not render the evidence insufficient, because it is within the province of the fact finder to determine testimony and to believe all, part or none of the evidence. Pa. Super. 495, 501, 648 A.2d 331, 333 (1993). the weight to be given to the Commonwealth v. Moore, 436 If the finder of fact reasonably could have determined from the evidence adduced that all of the necessary elements were established, then the evidence will be deemed sufficient to support the verdict. Hunzer, 868 A.2cl at 505. Initially this Court notes that in order to establish a prima [acie case for Driving Under the Influence, the Commonwealth must have demonstrated that the individual was driving, operating, or in actual physical control of the movement of the vehicle while under the influence of alcohol to a degree which rendered him incapable of safe driving. See 75 Pa. C.S.A. § 3802(a)(l). Also, "any person who drives a vehicle in careless disregard for the safety of persons or property is guilty" of Careless Driving. See 75 Pa. C.S.A. § 3714(a). In addition, "[tjhe driver of a vehicle involved in an accident shall immediately by the quickest: means of communication authorized police department give notice to the nearest office of a duly if the accident involves damage to any vehicle involved to the extent that it cannot be driven under its own power in its customary manner without further damage or hazard to the vehicle, other traffic elements, or the roadway, and therefore requires towing." See 75 Pa. C.S.A. § 3746(a)(2} (Immediate Notice of Accident to Police Department). Finally, "any person who drives a motor vehicle on any highway or traffic way of this Commonwealth after the commencement of a suspension, revocation or cancellation of the operating privilege and before the operating privilege has been restored" is guilty of Driving Under Suspension. See 7 5 Pa. C.S.A. § 154-3(a). After a review of the record, this Court finds that the evidence presented at the non-jury trial was sufficient to support the finder of fact's verdict with regard to all of the aforementioned Commonwealth, charges. Viewed in the light most favorable to the as verdict winner, a summary of the specific evidence established at trial is as follows: In the instant case, the evidence presented at trial revealed that on August 22, 2015, at approximately 4:30 A.M., Officer Joseph Beiner of the Allentown Police Department was patrolling in full uniform and in a marked patrol unit when he received a dispatch to respond to the scene of an accident at the McDonald's parking lot located at 1414 Tilghman Street, Allentown, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. his arrival, he observed a male, later identified as the Defendant, 4 Upon .Jose Garcia, standing outside of the driver's side door of a black Ford Fl 50 pick-up truck. Seiner observed that the Ford Fl 50 pick-up truck had sustained fender and to the driver side fender. Officer damage to the front In addition, Officer Seiner noticed that another vehicle located in the McDonald's parking lot, which was approximately twenty (20') feet from the Ford Fl 50 pick-up truck, had damage to the rear of the car. damage was new, as there was glass underneath the back encl of the vehicle. telephone pole at the southeast end of the McDonald's In particular, This Also, a parking lot was also damaged. Officer Beiner viewed "scuff marks" on the telephone pole. Officer Beiner observed that the Ford F 150 pick-up truck had yellow transfer paint from the utility pole on the side, which was consistent with hitting the telephone pole. Officer Seiner accident. The Defendant approached the Defendant about the denied having any knowledge of a vehicular accident. He indicated that his wife had been driving the Ford F'lSO was in the McDonald's pick-up truck, and that she restaurant using the restroom facilities. into the McDonald's to locate the Defendant's wife. the McDonald's, and inquired Officer Seiner went However, no patrons were inside as the restaurant was closed and only had employees inaide.> When Officer Beirier initially had spoken with the Defendant, he immediately noted a strong odor of alcohol emanating from bis person and his breath. The Defendant's wife, Tamisha Taylor, testified at the time of trial. Her testimony was completely incredible and unbelievable. Ms. Taylor indicated that at approximately 4:00 A.M., she and her husband decided to leave their seven (7) children, whose ages range from one year old to seventeen (17) years old, home alone to go get something to eat at McDonald's. She indicated that she was the driver of the Ford F'l50 pick-truck and that she had struck the pole in the McDonald's parking lot. Ms. Taylor then explained that she became so upset that she had to use the restroom. As the McDonald's was closed, she walked to Walgreens located at 1 71h and Tilghman Streets to use their bathroom facilities. Ms. Taylor stated that it took her about one ( 1) hour to find a bathroom and return to the scene of the accident. Ms. Taylor's testimony was completely incredible and this Court disregarded it: in its entirety as one complete lie. 5 The Defendant had glassy and bloodshot Defendant kept repeating himself eyes, and was swaying. to the Officer. Officer Beiner inquired if the Defendant would consent to performing field sobriety tests. agreed. However, the Defendant be administered. Consequently, In addition, the At first the Defendant changed his mind and refused to allow the tests to believing that the Defendant was under the influence of alcohol and incapable of safe driving, Officer Beiner placed the Defendant in custody, and transported the Defendant blood draw, where he refused certified Pennsylvania to the DUI Central Booking Center for a to submit to chemical testing. Department of Transportation Furthermore, the Bureau of Driver Licensing records indicates that the Defendant's driver's license was suspended on August 22, 2015. (C. Ex. 1). ·--------------------------···-····-···- .... ·-··········-······--· ---------------- In light of this abundant evidence enumerated above, the Defendant's challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence must fail. B. Challenging the Weight of the Evidence The Def end ant alleges that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence. This Court notes that a motion for a new trial on grounds that the verdict is contrary to the weight of the evidence concedes sustain the verdict, Commonwealth Commonwealth v. but contends Widmer, 560 that there is sufficient evidence to that it is against the weight of the evidence. Pa. 308, v. Bennett, 827 A.2d 469, 481 319, 744 A.2d 745, (Pa. Super. 2003). 751 (2000); Furthermore, a challenge that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence requires this Court to conclude in its discretion that "the verdict is so contrary to the evidence as to shock 6 one's sense of justice.'' Lyons, 833 A.2d at 258. Indeed, for a new trial to lie on a challenge that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence, the evidence must be so tenuous, vague and uncertain that the verdict shocks the conscience of the court." Commonwealth v. Shaffer, 722 A.2cl 195, 200 (Pa. Super. 1998). See also Commonwealth v. Sullivan, 820 A.2d 795, 806 (Pa. Super. 2003). From the evidence recounted that the Defendant was driving, above, it is reasonable to have concluded operating, or in actual physical control of the movement of his Ford F150 pick-up truck while under the influence of alcohol to a degree which rendered him incapable of safe driving. Also, the evidence showed that the Defendant drove his Ford F150 pick-up truck in careless disregard for the safety of persons or property when he struck the utility pole and the other vehicle parked in the McDonald's parking lot. nearest In addition, the Defendant failed to give notice to the office of a duly authorized accident that established involved damage police department to another vehicle. after he was involved in the Finally, the record evidence that the Defendant drove the Ford F150 pick-up truck at a time when his license was suspended, in violation of the Motor Vehicle Code. In light of this abundant evidence enumerated above, the Defendant's challenge to the weight of the evidence must fail. C. Motion to Modify and Reduce Sentence Finally, the Defendant asserts that this Court erred in sentencing the Defendant to a manifestly excessive and unduly harsh sentence. challenging the discretionary aspects of sentencing. Commonwealth A.2d 656, 660 (Pa. Super. 2003). Initially this Court notes that: 7 The Defendant is v. Bishop, 831 Sentencing is within the sound discretion of the sentencing judge, and that decision will not be disturbed absent an abuse of discretion. Commonwealth v. Jones, 418 Pa. Super. 93, 613 A.2cl 587, 591 (1992)(en. bane). "To constitute an abuse of discretion, the sentence imposed must either exoeecl the stat·utory limits or be m.anifostly excessive." Commonwealth v. Gaddis, 432 Pa. Super. 523, 639 A.2d 462, 469 (1994). Nevertheless, sentencing guidelines are merely advisory, and the court may, in its discretion, sentence outside the guidelines. When a trial court deviates from the guidelines, it must state its reasons for deviation on the record at the time of sentencing or in a contemporaneous written statement. Commonwealth v. Lawson, 437 Pa. Super. 521, 650 A.2d 876, 881 (1994). The court must also consider the guidelines as a starting point and deviate so as to impose a sentence consistent with both the public's safety needs and the defendant's rehabilitative needs. Id. Commonwealth v. Shaffer, 722 A.2d 195, sentencing court proffers reasons guidelines is not unreasonable," 198-199 (Pa. Super. 1998). If "the indicating that its d~ision to depart from the its responsibilities appellate courts will not disturb the sentence. have been fulfilled and the Commonwealth v. Gibson, 716 A.2cl 1275, 1277 (Pa. Super. 1998). In the instant case, the Defendant's minimum sentence was within the standard range of the guidelines and maximum sentence was set at the statutory maximums. limits. Unquestionably, Therefore, the sentence imposed did not exceed the statutory the Defendant's sentence must be evaluated to determine if it was "manifestly excessive." To do so, the following considerations must be examined: In determining whether a sentence is manifestly excessive, the appellate court must give great weight to the sentencing court's discretion, as he or she is in the best position to measure factors such as the nature of the crime, the defendant's character, and the defendant's display of remorse, defiance, or indifference. Commonwealth v. Ellis, 700 A.2d 948, 958 (Pa. Super. J 997). Where an excessiveness claim is based on a court's 8 sentencing outside the guideline ranges, we look, at a minimum, for an indication on the record that the sentencing court understood the suggested sentencing range. 42 Pa. C.S.A. § 972l(b). When the court so indicates, it may deviate from the guidelines, if necessary, to fashion a sentence which takes iota acccunt the protection of the public, the rehabilitative needs of the defendant, the gravity of the particular offenses as it relates to the impact on the life of the victim and the community, so long as the court also states of record the factual basis and specific reasons which compelled him to deviate from the guideline range. Commonwealth v. Mouzon, 828 A.2d 1126, 1128 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citations omitted). Moreover, "[i]t is well-settled that appeals of discretionary sentence are not reviewable as a matter of right." aspects of a Commonwealth v. Ladamus, 896 A.2d 592, 595 (Pa. Super. 2006); see also Commonwealth v. Shugars, 895 A.2d 1270, 1274 (Pa. Super. 2006); Commonwealth v. McNabb, 819 A.2d 54, 55 (Pa. Super. 2003). The concerning 2005). defendant must the sentence. Furthermore, that a substantial question exists Commonwealth v. Lee, 876 A.2d 408, 411 (Pa. Super. a substantial question allegation that the sentences 595. demonstrate requires something imposed are excessive or harsh. more than an Laclamus, 896 A.2d at Consequently, Defendant's assertion that this Court abused its discretion by imposing an excessive and harsh sentence fails to present a substantial question to justify a review of his claim. Additionally, even if the merit of the Defendant's sentencing claim were addressed, Defendant's argument must fail. The Defendant's sentence must initially be evaluated to determine if there was an abuse of discretion. Walls, 926 A.2cl 957 (Pa. 2007). Commonwealth v. The standard of review has been explained in the following manner: 9 Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the sentencing judge, mid a sentence will not be disturbed on appeal absent a manifest abuse of discretion. In this context, an abuse of discretion is not shown merely by an error in judgment. Rather, the appellant must establish, by reforence to tfo: record, that tbe sentencing c~rnrt ignored or misapplied the law, exercised its judgment for reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision. citing Commonwealth Commonwealth v. Fullin, 892 A.2d 843, 847 (Pa. Super. 2006), v. Rodela, 723 A.2cl 212, 214 (Pa. Super. 1999)(en bane). In imposing the Defendant's sentence, this Court considered the "protection of the public, the gravity of the offense as it relates to the impact on the victim and the community, the defendant's rehabilitative needs, an.cl the sentencing guidelines." 42 Pa. C.S.A. § 9721(b); Commonwealth v. Feucht, 955 A.2d 377, 383 (Pa. Super. 2008). Prior to sentencing, this Court Investigation Report prepared on September the information contained therein. factors. carefully reviewed the Pre-Sentence 14, 2016. The Court was aware of all of Also, this Court did not fail to consider mitigating Commonwealth v. Devers, 519 Pa. 88, 546 A.2d 12 (1988) (holding that where a pre-sentence report exists, there is a presumption that the sentencing judge was aware of and adequately considered information relevant to the defendant's character, as well as any mitigating factors). Additionally, it is axiomatic that the imposition of consecutive rather than concurrent sentences lies within the sound discretion of the sentencing court. Commonwealth v. Booze, 953 A.2d 1263, 1279 (Pa. Super. 2008). Long-standing precedent recognizes that 42 Pa. C.S.A. § 9721 affords the sentencing court discretion to impose its sentence concurrently or consecutively 10 to other sentences being imposed at the same time or to sentences already imposed. 42 Pa. C.S.A. § 9721. also Commonwealth v. Johnson, 961 A.2d 877, 880 (Pa. Super. See 2008); Commonwealth v. Marts, 889 A.2d 608, 612 (Pa. Super. 2005}. "A challenge to the imposition of consecutive substantial question Commonwealth rather than concurrent regarding the sentences discretionary aspects v. Lloyd, 878 A.2cl 867, 873 (Pa. Super. 2005). Court of Pennsylvania has stated: does not present of a sentence." Indeed, the Superior "We see no reason why [a defendant] should be afforded a 'volume discount' for his crimes by having all sentences run concurrently." Commonwealth v. Hoag, 445 Pa. Super. 455, 665 A.2d 1212, 1214 (1995). With all of this information imposed a sentence in mind, using its discretion that was appropriate and within the law. Defendant's argument this Court Accordingly, the is baseless and the Defendant's request to modify and reduce sentence is denied. D. Entitled to Jury Trial The Defendant argues that he was entitled to a trial by jury in the within matter. However, this argument is baseless. This Court notes that the "right to a jury trial exists when a defendant faces a charge which, alone, could lead to imprisonment beyond six months." Commonwealth v. Harriott, 919 A.2d 234, 237 (Pa. Super. 2007}, citing Commonwealth v. Kerry, 906 A.2cl 1237, 1239, 1240 (Pa. Super. 2006). "By contrast, there is no jury trial right if an offense bears a maximum incarceration of six months or less." Id. Pennsylvania deems a first offense Driving Under the Influence charge an ungraded misdemeanor, punishable by up to aix (6) months of imprisonment. See 75 Pa. C.S.A § 3803(a)(l). 11 Where a first offender refuses chemical testing, the violation remains graded as an ungraded misdemeanor punishable by up to 6 months' imprisonment. 75 Pa. C.S.A. § 3803(b)(2). Consequently, the Defendant's argument is legally flawed. The Defendant's appeal is without merit and should be dismissed. DATED: 12

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