Dept. of Human Services v. G. D. W.
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FILED: October 12, 2011 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF OREGON In the Matter of V. N. W.; and C. A. W., Children. DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES, Petitioner-Respondent, v. G. D. W., Appellant. Lincoln County Circuit Court 098109J1, 098109J2 Petition Number 098109 A147584 Philip L. Nelson, Judge. Argued and submitted on July 26, 2011. Angela Sherbo argued the cause and filed the brief for appellant. Inge D. Wells, Senior Assistant Attorney General, argued the cause for respondent. With her on the brief were John R. Kroger, Attorney General, and Mary H. Williams, Solicitor General. Before Ortega, Presiding Judge, and Brewer, Chief Judge, and Sercombe, Judge.* ORTEGA, P. J. Affirmed. *Brewer, C. J., vice Edmonds, S. J. 1 2 1 1 ORTEGA, P. J. 2 Father appeals judgments finding his daughters, V and C, to be within the 3 jurisdiction of the juvenile court as to him and concluding, based on a finding that father 4 had subjected V to sexual abuse, that aggravated circumstances excused the Department 5 of Human Services (DHS) from making reasonable efforts to reunify the children with 6 father. On appeal, father contends that the juvenile court erred in admitting the out-of- 7 court statements of V, in finding that he had sexually abused V and that, therefore, 8 aggravated circumstances existed, and in finding jurisdiction based on his history of 9 cocaine and alcohol abuse. We affirm. 10 Mother reported to police that father had been physically abusive to her and 11 had sexually abused V, then four years old. Specifically, with regard to V, mother stated 12 that V had informed her that her vaginal area hurt because father had put his finger in it. 13 Mother further stated that she had observed father inserting his fingers into V's vagina. 14 The child also, at different times, recounted that father had touched her to a number of 15 people, including a caseworker, a friend of mother's, interviewers at a child advocacy 16 center, and her preschool teacher. In addition to the allegations of abuse, mother reported 17 that father drank heavily and also used cocaine. 18 Approximately three months later, mother retracted her statements that 19 father had touched V inappropriately. DHS then filed a petition to make V and C wards 20 of the court. Mother stipulated to jurisdiction and, as to father, a six-day contested 21 jurisdictional hearing was held in November and December 2010. At the hearing, among 22 other things, the court admitted into evidence out-of-court statements by V describing the 2 1 touching. Mother, on the other hand, testified that she had instructed V to say that father 2 had touched her. Ultimately, the court issued a lengthy opinion containing factual findings 3 4 and legal conclusions. Among other things, the court found from the evidence that 5 "father placed his fingers in [V's] vagina at least one time as described by [V] and 6 mother." Based on all of its findings, the court issued a jurisdictional judgment as to 7 father, finding jurisdiction based on father's history of cocaine abuse, his history of 8 alcohol use, his actions in exposing the children to domestic violence, and the fact that 9 father was "an untreated sex offender [who had] sexually abused" V. In addition, based 10 on its conclusion that father had "subjected a child to sexual abuse," the court entered a 11 judgment, pursuant to ORS 419B.340(5)(a)(D), finding that aggravated circumstances 12 excused DHS from making reasonable efforts to reunify the children and father.1 In his first assignment of error, father contends that the "juvenile court 13 14 erred in admitting the out-of-court statements of the child." The court admitted the 15 statements in question based on this court's decision in State ex rel Juv. Dept. v. Cowens, 16 143 Or App 68, 922 P2d 1258, rev den, 324 Or 395 (1996), which we later reaffirmed in 17 State ex rel Dept. of Human Services v. Meyers, 207 Or App 271, 140 P3d 1181, rev den, 18 341 Or 450 (2006). 1 Pursuant to ORS 419B.340(5), if a court determines aggravated circumstances exist, "the juvenile court may make a finding that the department is not required to make reasonable efforts to make it possible for the ward to safely return home." Aggravated circumstances exist when the "parent has subjected any child to * * * sexual abuse." ORS 419B.340(5)(a)(D). 3 1 Specifically, in Cowens, this court considered whether out-of-court statements of a child 2 could be admitted in a dependency proceeding and held that such statements were 3 admissible as nonhearsay pursuant to OEC 801(4)(b)(A).2 In reaching that conclusion, 4 we observed that a child over whom jurisdiction is sought is a party to the jurisdictional 5 proceeding pursuant to ORS 419B.115. 143 Or App at 70. Furthermore, we reasoned 6 that "minor children have an interest in maintaining a familial relationship with their 7 parents." Id. at 71. Thus, "when the state seeks to interfere with the parent-child 8 relationship--either permanently in a termination proceeding or temporarily in a 9 dependency proceeding--the child has interests adverse to the state. As such, the state's 10 evidence is offered not only against the parent, but also against the child." Id. at 72. For 11 those reasons, a child's out-of-court statement qualifies as nonhearsay.3 12 We later reaffirmed that holding in Meyers. In that case, the juvenile court 13 admitted out-of-court statements of a child in a termination of parental rights proceeding. 14 The mother contended that Cowens was not applicable to the circumstances presented 15 there "because the interests of the children and the state completely" coincided. Meyers, 2 Pursuant to OEC 801(4)(b)(A), a statement is not hearsay if it is offered against a party and is "[t]hat party's own statement, in either an individual or a representative capacity[.]" 3 We also observed that, "[a]lthough a child in a particular case may share an interest with the state in being protected from [an abusive] home environment, it simply cannot be said that the state represents all the child's interests." Cowens, 143 Or App at 72 (emphasis in original). We also noted that "it would be inappropriate to allow the perceptions of a child to determine * * * a fundamental evidentiary question." Id. Thus, we determined that the admissibility of a child's out-of-court statements does not depend on whether the child views his or her interests as adverse to or aligned with the state. 4 1 207 Or App at 280. We disagreed, stating that "children have dual interests in a case 2 such as this. They continue to also have an interest in the right to maintain and enjoy the 3 relationship of parent and child." Id. at 280-81. Accordingly, we concluded that the trial 4 court properly admitted the child's out-of-court statements "as a statement of a party 5 opponent." Id. at 281. 6 Father acknowledges our holding in Cowens, but contends that the case was 7 wrongly decided. We decline father's invitation to overrule that case and, instead, adhere 8 to its holding that a child's out-of-court statements in a dependency case are admissible as 9 statements of a party opponent. Accordingly, we conclude that the court in this case 10 11 properly admitted the child's out-of-court statements under OEC 801(4)(b)(A). In his second and third assignments of error, father contends that the court 12 erred in finding that the state had proved that he is "an untreated sex offender" who 13 "sexually abused" V and that aggravated circumstances exist. Father requests that we 14 review de novo the juvenile court's finding that formed the basis for the court's ruling on 15 those issues--that is, that "father placed his fingers in [V's] vagina at least one time as 16 described by [V] and mother." The state responds that this is not an "exceptional case" 17 where de novo review is appropriate. We agree with the state. 18 Our review in this case is governed by ORS 19.415(3)(b), which provides 19 that in dependency proceedings such as those at issue in this case, "the Court of Appeals, 20 acting in its sole discretion, may try the cause anew upon the record or make one or more 21 factual findings anew upon the record." Pursuant to ORAP 5.40(8)(a) - (b), where a party 22 seeks to have the court exercise its discretion to review de novo, that party must 5 1 "concisely state the reasons why the court should do so." In any event, however, 2 pursuant to ORAP 5.40(8)(c), there is a presumption against de novo review. Such 3 requests are "disfavored" and de novo review will be conducted "only in exceptional 4 cases." Id. 5 ORAP 5.40(8)(d) sets forth a list of considerations that, although "neither 6 exclusive nor binding," this court considers "relevant to the decision whether to exercise 7 its discretion to try the cause anew on the record or make one or more factual findings 8 anew on the record." As explained below, given all the circumstances presented in this 9 case, we decline to exercise our discretion to review de novo the court's factual findings. 10 Father points out in support of his request for de novo review that the trial 11 court did not make demeanor-based credibility findings regarding V, who did not testify 12 at the hearing. At the hearing, however, no one contended that V did not believe that the 13 abuse had occurred. Rather, the core issue was whether mother had coached the child to 14 say that she had been abused, or whether mother had been telling the truth when she 15 originally reported the sexual abuse to friends and law enforcement. As to mother, the 16 court did make credibility findings. Specifically, having seen mother testify, the court 17 found her demeanor "concerning," and observed that she had credibility issues and that it 18 did "not believe [she was] sophisticated enough to have fabricated and planned such a 19 vendetta against father" as she testified to at the hearing. That is, the court did not 20 believe mother's testimony at the hearing that she had lied when she earlier alleged 21 father's sexual abuse of V. Having seen mother, as well as other witnesses who testified 22 regarding mother's earlier descriptions of the abuse (including at least one occasion when 6 1 she discussed the abuse with a friend before her initial reports to the police), the court 2 concluded that mother's recantation of her story was not credible. 3 We observe that the factual issue that father seeks to have this court review 4 de novo was a central issue in the lengthy hearing before the juvenile court. The court 5 heard many days of testimony from a large number of witnesses relating to father's 6 alleged sexual abuse of V and heard mother's recantation of her statements regarding that 7 abuse. In light of all the testimony and other evidence presented, the court issued a 8 thorough and thoughtful opinion containing detailed factual findings on the disputed 9 issues. In that opinion, the court concluded that the alleged sexual abuse had occurred 10 and that mother had recanted the allegations after receiving and reading letters from 11 father suggesting that she stop implicating him so that he would be available to provide 12 for the family. The court's ultimate decision regarding jurisdiction and aggravated 13 circumstances is consistent with its underlying factual findings. In view of all the 14 circumstances presented here, we conclude that this is not an appropriate case for us to 15 exercise our discretion to conduct de novo review, and, accordingly, we decline to do so. 16 Given that determination, in this case "we review the juvenile court's legal 17 conclusions for errors of law, but are bound by its findings of historical fact unless there 18 is no evidence" in the record to support them. Dept. of Human Services v. C. Z., 236 Or 19 App 436, 442, 236 P3d 791 (2010). Under that standard, "our task is to review the facts 20 found by the juvenile court to determine whether they are supported by any evidence, and 21 then to determine whether, as a matter of law, those facts together with facts implicitly 22 found by the juvenile court, provide a basis for juvenile court jurisdiction[.]" Id. 7 1 Applying that standard in this case, we conclude that there is evidence to support the 2 juvenile court's finding regarding father's abuse of V, and that that finding in turn 3 supports the court's jurisdiction and its aggravated circumstances determinations. 4 As noted, the specific factual finding at issue is that "father placed his 5 fingers in [V's] vagina at least one time as described by [V] and mother." We have 6 reviewed the record and conclude that it contains ample evidence to support that finding. 7 Among other things presented to the juvenile court were recorded interviews in which V 8 described the touching, as well as testimony from V's preschool teacher and from law 9 enforcement officers and social workers describing V's recounting of the touching on 10 various occasions. Furthermore, the court received in evidence copies of father's letters 11 from jail and heard testimony describing mother's original allegations regarding the abuse 12 from officers, social workers, and individuals who had been friends with mother. The 13 factual finding that father touched V inappropriately as she and mother described in turn 14 supports the trial court's conclusions that father sexually abused V and was an untreated 15 sex offender.4 Accordingly, we reject father's second and third assignments of error. Finally, in his fourth assignment of error, father contends that the trial court 16 17 erred in finding jurisdiction based on father's history of cocaine and alcohol abuse. An 18 extended discussion of that issue would not benefit the bench, bar, or the public. Suffice 19 it to say that father does not dispute that he is an alcoholic and that he abused cocaine; 4 Indeed, father does not argue that there is no evidence to support the juvenile court's finding or that, in the event that finding was proper, the trial court improperly concluded that he was an untreated sex offender who sexually abused V. 8 1 although he was sober at the time of trial, the juvenile court found that he had a history of 2 "use and relapse" and that there was a potential that he would relapse as a result of stress 3 that existed in his life. Cf. State ex rel Dept. of Human Services v. D. T. C., 231 Or App 4 544, 555, 219 P3d 610 (2009) (the juvenile court erred in taking jurisdiction based on 5 substance abuse where, at the time of the hearing, there was no evidence that the father 6 was abusing substances or that he was at risk of relapsing). In light of all the 7 circumstances presented in this case, including the domestic violence and sexual abuse, 8 we cannot conclude that the trial court erred in including father's alcohol and cocaine use 9 among its bases for jurisdiction. 10 Affirmed. 9
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