State v. Martin

668 P.2d 479 (1983)

64 Or.App. 469

STATE of Oregon, Respondent, v. George Marques MARTIN, Appellant.

No. 10-82-00460; CA A25243.

Court of Appeals of Oregon.

Argued and Submitted January 24, 1983.

Decided August 31, 1983.

David E. Groom, Deputy Public Defender, Salem, argued the cause for appellant. With him on the brief was Gary D. Babcock, Public Defender, Salem.

Linda Acaldo, Asst. Atty. Gen., Salem, argued the cause for respondent. With her on the brief were Dave Frohnmayer, Atty. Gen., and William F. Gary, Sol. Gen., Salem.

*480 Before GILLETTE, P.J., and WARDEN and YOUNG, JJ.

WARDEN, Judge.

Defendant appeals from a conviction of robbery in the first degree.[1] ORS 164.415. He contends that the trial court erred by (1) instructing the jury to consider whether defendant was guilty of robbery in the second degree only if it first found that the state had failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt each element of robbery in the first degree; (2) imposing a five-year minimum sentence under ORS 161.610; (3) admitting in evidence certain items seized during a search of defendant's vehicle; and (4) ordering defendant to make restitution in the absence of findings that he would have the ability to pay restitution upon his release from incarceration. We reverse and remand for a new trial.

The pertinent facts can be summarized briefly. On May 2, 1981, the Bi-Mart Store in Cottage Grove was robbed by three people wearing gloves and masks made from knitted caps with holes cut in them. At trial, the evidence established that defendant took money from the safe, another person taped the hands and feet of the employes and a third person stood by, holding a gun. Gloves, two knitted caps and some duct tape, seized in a search of defendant's vehicle conducted by Thibodaux, Louisiana, police in December, 1981, were received in evidence.

In defendant's first assignment of error, he contends that the trial court erred in giving the following instruction to the jury:

"* * * if you find that the State has failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt each of the elements of robbery in the first degree as I have given them to you, you may consider whether the State has proven all the material elements of robbery in the second degree."

This instruction constitutes prejudicial error in that it impermissibly mandates the jury to reach a verdict with respect to the offense charged before considering the lesser included offense. State v. Bird, 59 Or. App. 74, 79, 650 P.2d 949, rev. den. 294 Or. 78, 653 P.2d 999 (1982); State v. Ogden, 35 Or. App. 91, 580 P.2d 1049 (1978). Moreover, the challenged instruction cannot be cured by considering the instructions as a whole. Cf. State v. Hammick, 2 Or. App. 470, 472-73, 469 P.2d 800 (1970) (instruction does not constitute reversible error if instructions considered as a whole do not prejudice defendant). Therefore, defendant's conviction must be reversed, and the case remanded for a new trial.

Defendant's second and fourth assignments of error concern sentencing provisions. Because these issues could arise again, we will address them. Defendant contends that the mandatory minimum sentence of five years imposed under ORS 161.610 for use of a firearm in the commission of a crime cannot be applied to him. We agree. A mandatory minimum sentence under ORS 161.610 is authorized only when the defendant personally used or threatened to use a firearm in the commission of the crime. State v. Wedge, 293 Or. 598, 652 P.2d 773 (1982); State v. Thiesies, 63 Or. App. 200, 662 P.2d 797 (1983). Here, the trial court specifically found that defendant did not personally possess the firearm used in the commission of the crime. The court erred in imposing a minimum sentence under ORS 161.610.

Defendant also challenges the sentence provision ordering restitution. Although a trial court may order restitution, it must take into account the financial resources of the defendant and the burden that payment of restitution will impose. ORS 137.106. As the state concedes, the record does not indicate that the trial court took those factors into account. The order *481 requiring restitution, therefore, was made in error. State v. Smith, 60 Or. App. 139, 652 P.2d 882 (1982); State v. Barnes, 58 Or. App. 516, 648 P.2d 1306 (1982).

Defendant's final contention is that the trial court erred in admitting in evidence the gloves, duct tape and knitted caps seized from defendant's vehicle. He urges that those items should have been excluded because they lacked relevancy. At trial, however, defendant acquiesced in their admission. The error, if any, was not preserved in the trial court, and we will not consider it on appeal. State v. Evans, 290 Or. 707, 713, 625 P.2d 1300 (1981); see also State v. Bishop, 49 Or. App. 1023, 1030, 621 P.2d 1196 (1980), rev. den. 290 Or. 727 (1981).

Reversed and remanded for a new trial.

NOTES

[1] Defendant was convicted of both robbery in the first degree and conspiracy to commit robbery in the first degree, ORS 161.450. For sentencing, the convictions were merged. ORS 161.485(3). At the election of the state, sentence was imposed for the conviction of robbery in the first degree. See State v. Peterson, 26 Or. App. 471, 552 P.2d 1320 (1976); State v. Reed, 15 Or. App. 593, 517 P.2d 318 (1973).