Price v. Oklahoma College of Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery

Price v. Oklahoma College of Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery
1986 OK CIV APP 25
733 P.2d 1357
57 OBJ 2461
Case Number: 64983
Decided: 10/07/1986

 
JAMES T. PRICE, APPELLANT,
v.
THE OKLAHOMA COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE AND SURGERY, A MEMBER OF THE STATE SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION, AND THE BOARD
OF REGENTS OF THE OKLAHOMA COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE AND SURGERY,
APPELLEES.

Appeal from the District Court of Tulsa County; Robert E. Caldwell, Trial Judge.

¶0 Action by professor for a judicial declaration that he entered into a valid contract shortly before he was dismissed from his tenured faculty position at osteopathic medical school - a dismissal based on the professor having signed the acceptance of the school's annual reappointment letter under protest. Trial court held there was no contract and granted a summary judgment. The professor appeals.

REVERSED AND REMANDED

Steven R. Hickman, Frasier & Frasier, Tulsa, for appellant.
Stephen L. Andrew, McCormick, Andrew & Clark, Tulsa, for appellees.

BRIGHTMIRE, Judge.

¶1 This might be called the case of the unwelcome acceptance. The ultimate issue for resolution is whether the trial judge erred when he dismissed the tenured professor's petition seeking declaratory relief in the form of a judicial determination that plaintiff had entered into a valid teaching contract with osteopathic medical school for the 1984-85 school year. We hold he did and reverse.

I

¶2 The essential facts are undisputed. In 1974 plaintiff, Dr. James T. Price, was appointed by the Oklahoma College of Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery to the position of Associate Professor of Pathology "with tenure."

¶3 But in 1984, something different happened. In June Dr. Price received the usual appointing letter from the college administration. And, as usual, he signed it, added a protest note and returned it to the college. The letter is reproduced below:

¶4 Dr. Price received the following letter dated June 29, 1984, from Dr. Barson:

"Dear Dr. Price:

Your reply is considered as non-acceptance of the Board of Regents' appointment action of June 14, 1984. Accordingly, your voluntary decision to terminate employment will be reported to the Board at their next meeting.

Sincerely,

/s/

John Barson, Ed.D.

President"

By letter dated July 2, 1984, the professor responded this way:

"Dear Dr. Barson:

I am somewhat puzzled by your letter of 29 June 1984 that addresses my "non-acceptance" on the contract which I signed as accepting and delivered to your personnel office on 29 June.

I did sign as accepting this contract while protesting what I believe are violations of our previous contract on the part of the institution. I did this to specifically preserve options of grievance during the contract year 1984-1985.

I consider that you, serving for the Board of Regents, have offered a contract that was completed in agreement, by my returning the signed contract on the day specified.

Sincerely,

/s/

James T. Price, Ph.D.

Associate Professor"

Finally Dr. Price received the following epistle, dated July 6, 1984, from the college president:

"Dear Dr. Price:

As follow-up to my correspondence dated June 29, 1984, I wish to inform you that the Board of Regents, at its meeting on July 5, 1984, took note of your signed protest of the terms of an employment contract offered you by the Board of Regents on June 14, 1984. By approved motion, the Board of Regents declared the budget position of Associate Professor of Pathology (# 12110) which you occupied during FY 1983-84, to be vacant due to the absence of a valid contract.

In accordance with Board action, you should proceed to remove your personal effects from your office. College separation procedure requires clearance with the Physical Plant, Library, Audiovisual Department, your department supervisor, Dr. Robert Ritter, and any other unit which has issued you working materials or equipment, in order to complete our records and assure proper return of College-owned items.

Sincerely,

/s/

John Barson, Ed.D.

President"

¶5 This lawsuit was filed by the banished prof on July 17, 1984, against the college and its Board of Regents. After stating the operative facts the plaintiff asked the court to (1) declare that a legally binding contract of employment for the fiscal year 1984-85 was created when he signed the offering letter and returned it to the college personnel office on June 29, 1984; (2) determine that plaintiff is due his salary in accordance with the rules and regulations of the college; and (3) award his costs and a judgment for his attorney fee expense.

¶6 Defendants filed an answer September 18, 1984, in which they admitted the allegations of fact but denied most of the conclusions stated, including plaintiff's claim of being entitled to the relief requested.

¶7 Plaintiff moved for a judgment on the pleadings October 9, 1984. The motion was briefed by the parties and apparently overruled by the court. On July 10, 1985, defendants moved for a summary judgment stating that no material fact was in dispute and therefore they were entitled to judgment. While this motion was being briefed plaintiff moved for a summary judgment on the same grounds and fortified his request with a couple of affidavits. These motions were heard August 15, 1985. The trial court held that the protest written by plaintiff below his signature on the appointing letter "qualified his acceptance" and such "qualified acceptance of Defendants' offer of employment was a new offer for an employment contract which was not accepted by the Defendants," citing 15 O.S. 1981 § 71 . Based on these legal hypotheses defendants' motion for summary judgment was sustained, plaintiff's lawsuit "dismissed," and each party ordered to pay his own attorney fees.

¶8 The professor appeals asserting that his post-acceptance declamation - "signed under protest" - rather than having a legal effect on the executed employment contract, merely preserved a grievance for potential rectification through proper school-sponsored channels.

II

¶9 The dispositive issue may be framed thus: If the acceptance of an offer is carried out in accordance with the directions of the offeror, does notification of offeror - by note written on the margin of the offeror's document below the offeree's signature - that the offeree signs or accepts the offer under protest, amount to a condition or qualification which has the legal effect of altering the terms of the offer thus transforming the acceptance into a counter proposal?

¶10 In defense of the trial court's conclusion - that the protest did just that - defendants rely on the law pertaining to the type of acceptance it takes to create an enforceable contract, namely, the provisions of 15 O.S. 1981 § 71 . It reads:

"An acceptance must be absolute and unqualified, or must include in itself an acceptance of that character, which the proposer can separate from the rest, and which will include the person accepting. A qualified acceptance is a new proposal."

¶11 The gist of defendants' argument is that plaintiff's "signed under protest" statement was a qualification of his acceptance because he, "in effect, responded to OCOMS' offer by stating that he accepts the offer of employment but not at the salary offered." And, defendants add, salary is a material term of the offer. The case of Swanson v. McCall,

¶12 Surely just to state the facts and the foregoing law is sufficient to demonstrate the lack of merit in defendants' position. While one may qualify an acceptance as an act of protest, a mere protest does not in itself qualify an acceptance. And that is all we have here - an unqualified acceptance of the proffered appointment followed by a protest based on a perceived error in fixing the amount of salary agreed on.

¶13 Nor does Swanson help defendants. There the facts involved an interstate sale of a royalty interest in an Allen, Oklahoma oil well. Plaintiff, an Ada, Oklahoma resident, wired defendant seller, a resident of San Jose, California, on June 22, 1927, inquiring about the latter's interest in selling. On June 23 the seller wired the Oklahoman requesting an offer "for one-half of my royalty." On June 28 the Oklahoman wired an offer of "[$2,000] cash . . . at Allen."

¶14 In sub judice case we have nothing of this sort. The college's offering letter recited the terms of the appointment and then specified the mode and manner of acceptance, namely, "by signing and returning one copy of this letter to the office of Personnel Services no later that June 29, 1984." Further down on the page was a signature line above which was this statement by the plaintiff to Dr. Barson: "I accept the responsibilities of the appointment under the terms outlined above."

¶15 Under these circumstances, we hold that the trial judge erred in granting defendants a summary judgment.

III

¶16 We further hold it to be an undisputed fact that a valid contract of continued tenured employment was made between OCOMS and Dr. Price on June 29, 1984. Dr. Barson's letters of response on same date and on July 6 described a wrongful repudiation of the agreement by the defendants and an unlawful termination of Dr. Price's tenured professorial position without just cause.

¶17 STUBBLEFIELD, P.J., and RAPP, J., concur.

Footnotes:

1 "Tenure" in the academic community commonly refers to status granted, usually after probationary period, which protects teacher from dismissal except for serious misconduct, incompetence, financial exigency, or change in institutional programs. Stensrud v. Mayville State College, 368 N.W.2d 519 (N.D. 1985).

"Tenure" is status which protects professional from dismissal, except for incompetence or serious misconduct. Keiser v. State Bd. of Regents of Higher Ed., 630 P.2d 194 (Mont. 1981).

To same effect see Drans v. Providence College, 119 R.I. 845, 383 A.2d 1033 (1978); Zumwalt v. Trustees of Cal. State Colleges, 109 Cal. Rptr. 344, 33 Cal. App. 3d 665 (1973); Collins v. Parsons College, 60 A.L.R.3d 218, 203 N.W.2d 594 (Iowa 1973).

2 The protest, criticism and advice written by Dr. Price on the 1983 acceptance letter below his signature is as follows:

"The enclosed Personnel Policy contains referrences [sic] to positions of authority that no longer exist and Policies that have not been followed by the Administration in the past. Personnel Policy Dated July '83 cannot, in whole, apply. Did you send the right Policy? I agree to policy for employement but feel you will have to renew your part."

3 138 Okl. 67, 280 P. 427 (1929).

4 Emphasis added.

5 Emphasis added.

6 Emphasis added.

7 A decisional example of an acceptance containing a term materially different than that in the offer is Swanson v. McCall, 138 Okl. 67, 280 P. 427 (1929), discussed earlier in this opinion.

8 For variation of this type of situation see the following cases:

Home Gas Co. of Cushing v. Magnolia Petroleum Co., 143 Okl. 112, 287 P. 1033 (1930), states that where a letter of acceptance is followed by a suggestion as to a desire to change offer in a particular way, the latter does not qualify the acceptance or vary its terms of the offer.

Foster v. West Publishing Co., 77 Okl. 114, 186 P. 1083 (1920), explains that objections, grumbling and expressions of dissatisfaction with an offer are not conditions or qualifications that affect the effect of an acceptance.

White v. Oliver, 32 Okl. 479, 122 P. 156 (1912), holds that purchaser's acceptance of cattle under protest - that the cattle were of a kind inferior to what was agreed on - did not operate to affect or prevent creation of an enforceable contract.

9 Indeed, Dr. Barson's appointment letter commended Dr. Price saying, "Your effort in contributing to the success and quality of our educational program is sincerely appreciated by me and members of the Board of Regents."