Estate of Hogen

Annotate this Case
Justia Opinion Summary

Susan and Marby Hogen, as purported interested persons, and Rodney Hogen (collectively, appellants), appealed probate court orders settling the estate of Arline Hogen, and discharging Steven Hogen as personal representative of the Estate. Appellants argued, generally, the probate court lacked jurisdiction to enter an order for the complete settlement and distribution of the Estate, and that the court lacked authority or abused its discretion in requiring Rodney Hogen to pay from his share of the Estate all attorney feed by the State after the North Dakota Supreme Court’s remand. Finding the probate court had jurisdiction, and that it was not an abuse of discretion in the fee award, the Supreme Court affirmed.

Download PDF
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³DSSHOODQWV´ DSSHDO IURP SUREDWH FRXUW RUGHUV VHWWOLQJ WKH $UOLQH +RJHQ (VWDWH DQG GLVFKDUJLQJ 6WHYHQ +RJHQ DV SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH RI WKH (VWDWH 7KH DSSHOODQWV JHQHUDOO\ DUJXH WKDW WKH SUREDWH FRXUW GLG QRW KDYH MXULVGLFWLRQ WR HQWHU DQ RUGHU IRU WKH FRPSOHWH VHWWOHPHQW DQG GLVWULEXWLRQ RI WKH (VWDWH DQG WKDW WKH FRXUW ODFNHG DXWKRULW\ RU DEXVHG LWV GLVFUHWLRQ LQ UHTXLULQJ 5RGQH\ +RJHQ WR SD\ IURP KLV VKDUH RI WKH (VWDWH SURSHUW\ DOO DWWRUQH\ IHHV LQFXUUHG E\ WKH (VWDWH DIWHU WKLV &RXUW¶V UHPDQG LQ Estate of Hogen 1' 1 : G :H DIILUP , > @ :KHQ $UOLQH +RJHQ GLHG LQ VKH ZDV VXUYLYHG E\ KHU WZR VRQV 6WHYHQ DQG 5RGQH\ +RJHQ DQG DOO RI KHU SURSHUW\ ZDV GHYLVHG HTXDOO\ WR KHU WZR VRQV XQGHU KHU ZLOO $UOLQH +RJHQ DQG KHU GHFHDVHG KXVEDQG &XUWLVV +RJHQ RZQHG IDUPODQG LQ %DUQHV DQG &DVV &RXQWLHV DQG 5RGQH\ +RJHQ KDG IDUPHG WKH ODQG ZLWK &XUWLVV +RJHQ :KHQ &XUWLVV +RJHQ GLHG LQ KLV XQGLYLGHG KDOI LQWHUHVW LQ WKH IDUPODQG ZDV GLVWULEXWHG WR WKH &XUWLVV +RJHQ 7UXVW $IWHU KLV IDWKHU¶V GHDWK 5RGQH\ +RJHQ IDUPHG WKH ODQG XQGHU D UHQWDO DJUHHPHQW ZLWK WKH 7UXVW DQG ZLWK $UOLQH +RJHQ WKH RZQHU RI WKH RWKHU KDOI LQWHUHVW LQ WKH IDUPODQG $IWHU $UOLQH +RJHQ¶V GHDWK LQ 6WHYHQ +RJHQ ZDV DSSRLQWHG SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH RI KHU (VWDWH $FFRUGLQJ WR 6WHYHQ +RJHQ KH GLVFRYHUHG HYLGHQFH LQGLFDWLQJ WKH (VWDWH PD\ EH HQWLWOHG WR DQ RIIVHW IURP 5RGQH\ +RJHQ¶V VKDUH RI WKH (VWDWH DV FRPSHQVDWLRQ IRU 5RGQH\ +RJHQ¶V IDLOXUH WR PDNH FHUWDLQ SD\PHQWV WR KLV PRWKHU > @ 6WHYHQ +RJHQ SHWLWLRQHG WKH SUREDWH FRXUW IRU DQ RIIVHW DJDLQVW 5RGQH\ +RJHQ¶V VKDUH RI WKH (VWDWH DQG D ILQDO DFFRXQWLQJ $IWHU DQ HYLGHQWLDU\ KHDULQJ WKH FRXUW GHWHUPLQHG 5RGQH\ +RJHQ RZHG WKH (VWDWH FHUWDLQ IDUPODQG UHQW FRQVHUYDWLRQ UHVHUYH SURJUDP SD\PHQWV DQG LQWHUHVW 7KH FRXUW DOVR DSSURYHG 6WHYHQ +RJHQ¶V UHTXHVW IRU SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH IHHV DQG IRU DWWRUQH\ IHHV FRVWV DQG H[SHUW ZLWQHVV IHHV > @ ,Q Estate of Hogen 1' 1 : G ZH DIILUPHG WKH SUREDWH FRXUW¶V GHFLVLRQ LQ SDUW UHYHUVHG LQ SDUW DV WR WKH FDOFXODWLRQ RI SD\PHQWV DWWULEXWDEOH WR %DUQHV &RXQW\ FRQVHUYDWLRQ UHVHUYH SURJUDP ODQG DQG UHPDQGHG IRU IXUWKHU SURFHHGLQJV ,Q D UHODWHG FDVH LQYROYLQJ WKH &XUWLVV +RJHQ 7UXVW ZH DIILUPHG D GLVWULFW FRXUW GHFLVLRQ GHWHUPLQLQJ 5RGQH\ +RJHQ EUHDFKHG ILGXFLDU\ GXWLHV WR WKH 7UXVW DQG DXWKRUL]LQJ 6WHYHQ +RJHQ DV WUXVWHH WR VHOO 7UXVW ODQG WR RIIVHW DJDLQVW 5RGQH\ +RJHQ¶V VKDUH RI WKH ODQG Matter of Curtiss A. Hogen Trust B 1' 1 : G 0RUH UHFHQWO\ ZH DIILUPHG D VXPPDU\ MXGJPHQW GLVPLVVLQJ DQ DFWLRQ E\ 0DUE\ DQG 6XVDQ +RJHQ DJDLQVW 6WHYHQ +RJHQ SHUVRQDOO\ DQG DV SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH RI WKH (VWDWH DQG DV WUXVWHH RI WKH 7UXVW WR TXLHW WLWOH WR FHUWDLQ ODQG LQYROYHG LQ WKH (VWDWH DQG WKH 7UXVW SURFHHGLQJV Hogen v. Hogen 1' 1 : G > @ 2Q UHPDQG LQ WKH SUREDWH SURFHHGLQJ WKH SUREDWH FRXUW XOWLPDWHO\ LVVXHG DQ RUGHU DSSURYLQJ 6WHYHQ +RJHQ¶V SHWLWLRQ DV SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH IRU WKH FRPSOHWH VHWWOHPHQW DQG GLVWULEXWLRQ RI WKH (VWDWH LQFOXGLQJ WKH VDOH RI FHUWDLQ ODQG WR SD\ IRU DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ FRVWV H[SHQVHV DQG DWWRUQH\ IHHV DQG GLVFKDUJLQJ 6WHYHQ +RJHQ DV SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH RI WKH (VWDWH 7KH FRXUW RUGHUHG SD\PHQW RI IURP HDFK RI 6WHYHQ DQG 5RGQH\ +RJHQ¶V VKDUH RI WKH (VWDWH IRU WKH SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH¶V DWWRUQH\ IHHV DQG H[SHQVHV LQFXUUHG EHIRUH WKH UHPDQG LQ Estate of Hogen 1' 1 : G DQG SD\PHQW RI HQWLUHO\ IURP 5RGQH\ +RJHQ¶V VKDUH RI WKH (VWDWH IRU WKH SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH¶V DWWRUQH\ IHHV DQG H[SHQVHV DIWHU WKH UHPDQG 7KH FRXUW DOVR RUGHUHG D ZLWKKROGLQJ RI IURP 5RGQH\ +RJHQ¶V VKDUH RI WKH (VWDWH IRU WKH SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH¶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¶V UHPDQG LQ Estate of Hogen 1' 1 : G 7KH\ FODLP WKH SUREDWH SURFHHGLQJV FRQFOXGHG ZLWK WKH RUGHU IRU ILQDO DFFRXQWLQJ DQG VHWWOHPHQW WKDW ZDV DSSHDOHG LQ Estate of Hogen 7KH\ DUJXH WKDW RUGHU ZDV ILQDO XQGHU 1 ' & & IRU GLVWULEXWLRQ RI DOO WKH (VWDWH ODQG DQG WHUPLQDWHG 6WHYHQ +RJHQ¶V SRZHU DQG DXWKRULW\ DV SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH XQGHU 1 ' & & 7KH\ FODLP WKH SUREDWH FRXUW¶V SRVW UHPDQG GHFLVLRQV IDLOHG WR FRPSO\ ZLWK VHYHUDO MXULVGLFWLRQDO VWDWXWRU\ SURYLVLRQV LQFOXGLQJ 1 ' & & IRU DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ RI SURSHUW\ DIWHU WKH (VWDWH KDG EHHQ VHWWOHG 1 ' & & IRU EULQJLQJ FODLPV DIWHU GLVWULEXWLRQ 1 ' & & IRU WKH SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH WR DOORFDWH UHDO SURSHUW\ 1 ' & & IRU WKH VDOH RI UHDO SURSHUW\ 1 ' & & IRU WKH DOORFDWLRQ RI FDSLWDO JDLQV DQG 1 ' & & DQG IRU D UHWDLQHU IRU WKH WKURXJK FURS \HDUV > @ ,Q Hogen v. Hogen 1' 1 : G ZH UHFHQWO\ UHMHFWHG WKH DSSHOODQWV¶ VLPLODU DUJXPHQW DERXW ILQDOLW\ DQG WKH WHUPLQDWLRQ RI 6WHYHQ +RJHQ¶V DXWKRULW\ DV SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH :H UHFRJQL]HG WKDW WKH SULRU RUGHU GLG QRW WHUPLQDWH WKH (VWDWH SURFHHGLQJ RU GLVFKDUJH 6WHYHQ +RJHQ DV SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH DQG WKDW WKH (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO VXEMHFW WR DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ DIWHU RXU HDUOLHU GHFLVLRQ LQ WKH SUREWH SURFHHGLQJ Id :H FRQFOXGH WKH DSSHOODQWV¶ MXULVGLFWLRQDO DUJXPHQWV LQ WKLV DSSHDO DUH UHVROYHG E\ WKDW GHFLVLRQ LQ Hogen ,,, > @ 7KH DSSHOODQWV DUJXH WKH SUREDWH FRXUW DEXVHG LWV GLVFUHWLRQ RU ODFNHG VWDWXWRU\ DXWKRULW\ WR UHTXLUH 5RGQH\ +RJHQ WR SD\ DOO SRVW UHPDQG DWWRUQH\ IHHV IURP KLV VKDUH RI WKH (VWDWH 7KH\ DUJXH WKH FRXUW IDLOHG WR IROORZ WKH SURFHGXUDO SURWHFWLRQV LQ 1 ' 5 &LY 3 IRU DZDUGLQJ DWWRUQH\ IHHV DQG WKDW QRQH RI KLV FODLPV ZHUH IULYRORXV XQGHU 1 ' & & 7KH\ DOVR FODLP WKH FRXUW¶V LQKHUHQW SRZHU GLG QRW MXVWLI\ WKH SXQLVKPHQW LQ WKH IRUP RI WKH DZDUG RI DWWRUQH\ IHHV DQG WKDW WKH SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH DQG KLV DWWRUQH\V KDG FRQIOLFWV RI LQWHUHVW WKDW SUHFOXGHG SD\PHQW RI DOO DWWRUQH\ IHHV IURP 5RGQH\ +RJHQ¶V VKDUH RI WKH (VWDWH 7KH\ DUJXH WKH SUREDWH FRXUW HUUHG LQ QRW DSSO\LQJ WKH ³$PHULFDQ 5XOH´ IRU SD\PHQW RI DWWRUQH\ IHHV > @ ,Q UHTXLULQJ 5RGQH\ +RJHQ WR SD\ DOO SRVW UHPDQG DWWRUQH\ IHHV IURP KLV VKDUH RI WKH (VWDWH WKH SUREDWH FRXUW H[SODLQHG 7KH &RXUW ILQGV WKDW WKH OLWLJDWLRQ IROORZLQJ WKH UHPDQG IURP WKH 1RUWK 'DNRWD 6XSUHPH &RXUW ZDV RFFDVLRQHG E\ 5RGQH\¶V VWXEERUQ UHIXVDO WR FRPSO\ ZLWK FRXUW RUGHUV DQG WR IROORZ VWDQGDUG SUREDWH SURFHGXUHV 5RGQH\ H[HUFLVHG XQDXWKRUL]HG FRQWURO RYHU WKH ODQG DQG LQWHUIHUHG ZLWK WKH SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH¶V DELOLW\ WR PDQDJH HVWDWH UHVRXUFHV LQFOXGLQJ WKH UHFHLSW RI DSSURSULDWH IDUP UHQW )XUWKHU 5RGQH\ FRQWLQXHG WR REVWUXFW WKH SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH LQ KLV HIIRUWV WR FRPSOHWH WKH HVWDWH SURFHHGLQJV 3XUVXDQW WR Estate of Kjorvestad 1 : G 1 ' SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH¶V DQG DWWRUQH\¶V IHHV DQG FRVWV IROORZLQJ WKH UHPDQG RI WKLV PDWWHU E\ WKH 6XSUHPH &RXUW DUH DZDUGHG DJDLQVW 5RGQH\ +RJHQ DQG 5RGQH\ +RJHQ¶V GLVWULEXWLRQ IURP WKH HVWDWH UDWKHU WKDQ IURP WKH HVWDWH DV D ZKROH 5RGQH\ +RJHQ¶V FRQWLQXHG REMHFWLRQV WR DQG REVWUXFWLRQ RI WKH SUREDWH SURFHVV DQG KLV DFWLRQV LQ FRQYROXWLQJ WKH WLWOH WR WKH UHDO SURSHUW\ KDYH EHHQ XQUHDVRQDEOH DQG XQMXVWLILHG 2I SDUWLFXODU QRWH LV WKH UHFRUGLQJ D lis pendens LQ D GLUHFW YLRODWLRQ RI WKLV &RXUW¶V )HEUXDU\ 2UGHU > @ ,Q Estate of Kjorvestad 1 : G 1 ' WKLV &RXUW DZDUGHG WKH SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH DWWRUQH\ IHHV DQG FRVWV RQ DSSHDO IURP WKH DSSHOODQW¶V VKDUH RI DQ HVWDWH XQGHU 1 ' 5 $SS 3 IRU WKH DSSHOODQW¶V VZHHSLQJ DQG XQVXEVWDQWLDWHG DFFXVDWLRQV RQ DSSHDO :H VDLG WKDW WKH SXEOLF DLULQJ RI WKH DSSHOODQW¶V ³SULYDWH REVHVVLRQ RXJKW WR EH DW KHU SHUVRQDO H[SHQVH´ DQG WKDW ³µWKH SUREDWH FRGH VKRXOG QRW EH FRQVWUXHG VR DV WR SHUPLW RQH KHLU RU GHYLVHH WR ILQDQFH KLV RU KHU ODZVXLW DJDLQVW DQRWKHU KHLU RU GHYLVHH RXW RI WKH IXQGV RI WKH HVWDWH ¶´ Id TXRWLQJ In re Estate of Kesting 1 : G 1HE :H H[HUFLVHG RXU SRZHUV XQGHU 1 ' 5 $SS 3 DQG GLUHFWHG WKDW WKH SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH EH SDLG LWV DWWRUQH\ IHHV RXW RI WKH DSSHOODQW¶V VKDUH RI WKH HVWDWH RQO\ UDWKHU WKDQ IURP WKH WRWDO HVWDWH Kjorvestad DW See First Trust Co. v. Conway 1 : G 1 ' DIILUPLQJ GLVWULFW FRXUW¶V DZDUG RI DPRXQW RI DWWRUQH\ IHHV IRU SULRU DSSHDO > @ 7KH DWWRUQH\ IHH DZDUG LQ Kjorvestad 1 : G DW ZDV SUHPLVHG RQ 1 ' 5 $SS 3 ZKLFK DXWKRUL]HV WKLV &RXUW WR DZDUG DWWRUQH\ IHHV IRU IULYRORXV DSSHDOV $OWKRXJK Kjorvestad UHFRJQL]HV DQ DSSURSULDWH FRQFHUQ DERXW SUHFOXGLQJ D FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI WKH SUREDWH FRGH WR SHUPLW RQH KHLU RU GHYLVHH WR ILQDQFH KLV RU KHU ODZVXLW DJDLQVW DQRWKHU KHLU RU GHYLVHH RXW RI IXQGV RI DQ HVWDWH 1 ' 5 $SS 3 LV D UXOH RI DSSHOODWH SURFHGXUH DQG GRHV QRW DSSO\ WR SURFHHGLQJV OLNH WKLV LQ WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW ,Q Estate of Nohle 1' 1 : G KRZHYHU ZH UHFHQWO\ DIILUPHG D GLVWULFW FRXUW GHFLVLRQ RUGHULQJ D SUREDWH OLWLJDQW WR SD\ DWWRUQH\ IHHV LQFXUUHG E\ SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV LQ GLVWULFW FRXUW SURFHHGLQJV :H H[SODLQHG WKDW SDUWLHV DUH JHQHUDOO\ UHVSRQVLEOH IRU WKHLU RZQ DWWRUQH\ IHHV EXW 7KH GLVWULFW FRXUW KDV DXWKRULW\ WR VWHP DEXVHV RI WKH MXGLFLDO SURFHVV ZKLFK FRPHV QRW RQO\ IURP DSSOLFDEOH UXOHV DQG VWDWXWHV VXFK DV 1 ' 5 &LY 3 EXW ³IURP WKH FRXUW¶V LQKHUHQW SRZHU WR FRQWURO LWV GRFNHW DQG WR SURWHFW LWV MXULVGLFWLRQ DQG MXGJPHQWV WKH LQWHJULW\ RI WKH FRXUW DQG WKH RUGHUO\ DQG H[SHGLWLRXV DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ RI MXVWLFH ´ Federal Land Bank v. Ziebarth 1 : G 1 ' $ GLVWULFW FRXUW KDV GLVFUHWLRQ XQGHU 1 ' & & WR GHFLGH ZKHWKHU D FODLP LV IULYRORXV DQG WKH DPRXQW DQG UHDVRQDEOHQHVV RI DQ DZDUG RI DWWRUQH\ IHHV EXW ZKHQ WKH FRXUW GHFLGHV D FODLP LV IULYRORXV WKH FRXUW PXVW DZDUG DWWRUQH\ IHHV See Strand v. Cass Cnty. 1' 1 : G ³$ FODLP IRU UHOLHI LV IULYRORXV XQGHU 1 ' & & RQO\ LI WKHUH LV VXFK D FRPSOHWH DEVHQFH RI DFWXDO IDFWV RU ODZ D UHDVRQDEOH SHUVRQ FRXOG QRW KDYH H[SHFWHG D FRXUW ZRXOG UHQGHU D MXGJPHQW LQ WKDW SHUVRQ¶V IDYRU ´ [In re] Estate of Dion 1' 1 : G :H UHYLHZ WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW¶V GHFLVLRQ XQGHU WKH VWDWXWH IRU DQ DEXVH RI GLVFUHWLRQ Id Rath v. Rath 1' 1 : G TXRWLQJ Estate of Pedro 1' 1 : G $ FRXUW DOVR KDV DXWKRULW\ WR DZDUG DWWRUQH\¶V IHHV IRU ³>D@OOHJDWLRQV DQG GHQLDOV LQ DQ\ SOHDGLQJV LQ FRXUW PDGH ZLWKRXW UHDVRQDEOH FDXVH DQG QRW LQ JRRG IDLWK DQG IRXQG WR EH XQWUXH ´ 1 ' & & $Q DZDUG RI DWWRUQH\¶V IHHV XQGHU 1 ' & & LV ZLWKLQ WKH FRXUW¶V GLVFUHWLRQ Rath DW Nohle DW ,Q Nohle DW ZH DIILUPHG D GLVWULFW FRXUW GHFLVLRQ RUGHULQJ D SUREDWH OLWLJDQW WR SD\ WR SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV IRU DWWRUQH\ IHHV DQG FRVWV LQFXUUHG LQ WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW IRU UHVSRQGLQJ WR PRWLRQV WKH FRXUW IRXQG ZHUH IULYRORXV DQG FRQWDLQHG DOOHJDWLRQV QRW PDGH LQ JRRG IDLWK :H VDLG WKH OLWLJDQW¶V DFWLRQV XQQHFHVVDULO\ GURYH XS WKH FRVWV RI WKH SURFHHGLQJ DQG FRQFOXGHG WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW GLG QRW DEXVH LWV GLVFUHWLRQ LQ RUGHULQJ WKH OLWLJDQW WR SHUVRQDOO\ SD\ WKH SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV UHDVRQDEOH DWWRUQH\ IHHV Id > @ +HUH WKH SUREDWH FRXUW PDGH ILQGLQJV DERXW 5RGQH\ +RJHQ¶V OLWLJDWLRQ VWUDWHJ\ RQ UHPDQG DQG WKRVH ILQGLQJV DUH VXSSRUWHG E\ WKH UHFRUG $V LQ Nohle 1' 1 : G D SUREDWH FRXUW KDV LQKHUHQW DXWKRULW\ WR SURYLGH IRU WKH RUGHUO\ DQG H[SHGLWLRXV DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ RI MXVWLFH DQG DOVR KDV DXWKRULW\ WR DZDUG DWWRUQH\ IHHV XQGHU 1 ' & & +HUH WKH SUREDWH FRXUW¶V GHFLVLRQ LV FRQVLVWHQW ZLWK WKH JRRG IDLWK DQG UHDVRQDEOH FDXVH UHTXLUHPHQWV RI 1 ' & & DQG WKH FRXUW¶V LQKHUHQW DXWKRULW\ WR SURYLGH IRU DQ RUGHUO\ DQG H[SHGLWLRXV DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ RI WKH (VWDWH ZKLOH HQVXULQJ WKDW DQ KHLU RU GHYLVHH GRHV QRW ILQDQFH KLV RU KHU ODZVXLW DJDLQVW DQRWKHU KHLU RU GHYLVHH RXW RI WKH (VWDWH IXQGV 2Q WKLV UHFRUG ZH FDQQRW VD\ WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW DEXVHG LWV GLVFUHWLRQ LQ LWV DZDUG RI DWWRUQH\ IHHV ,9 > @ :H KDYH FRQVLGHUHG WKH UHPDLQLQJ LVVXHV UDLVHG E\ WKH DSSHOODQWV DQG FRQFOXGH WKH\ DUH HLWKHU XQQHFHVVDU\ WR RXU GHFLVLRQ RU ZLWKRXW PHULW :H DIILUP WKH SUREDWH FRXUW¶V RUGHUV > @ -RQ - -HQVHQ /LVD )DLU 0F(YHUV 'DQLHO - &URWKHUV -HURG ( 7XIWH *HUDOG : 9DQGH:DOOH & -

Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.