State v. Owens

178 S.E.2d 442 (1971)

277 N.C. 697

STATE of North Carolina v. William Tracy OWENS.

No. 78.

Supreme Court of North Carolina.

January 20, 1971.

*444 Robert Morgan, Atty. Gen., and William W. Melvin and T. Buie Costen, Asst. Attys. Gen., for the State.

Vernon F. Daughtridge, Wilson, for defendant appellant.

MOORE, Justice.

Defendant first contends that under the decision in State v. Guffey, 265 N. C. 331, 144 S.E.2d 14, the bill of indictment in this case is fatally defective in that it did not specify the value of the property involved. The gist of the offense as described in this indictment is the attempt to commit robbery by the use or threatened use of firearms. The force or intimidation occasioned by the use or threatened use of firearms is the main element of the offense. In such a case, it is not necessary or material to describe accurately or prove the particular identity or value of the property, provided the indictment shows that the property was that of the person assaulted or under his care, and that such property is the subject of robbery and that it had some value. State v. Rogers, 273 N.C. 208, 159 S.E.2d 525; State v. Mull, 224 N.C. 574, 31 S.E.2d 764; G.S. § 14-87; 6 Strong's N.C. Index 2d, Robbery § 2; 77 C.J.S. Robbery § 37.

In State v. Guffey, supra, the indictment did not describe the property which the defendant was charged with taking but only that the defendant robbed the prosecuting witness "of the value of one thousand dollars." This Court held that such an indictment was defective since it did not describe any property sufficiently to show that it was the subject of robbery, and although the indictment stated a value, what property had the value did not appear. In the present case the property involved is described as "U.S. currency." This is the subject of robbery and some value can be inferred from the description of the property itself. "In an indictment or information for robbery by taking money, the term `money' itself imports some value, of which fact the court will take judicial notice." 77 C.J.S. Robbery § 37. Money is recognized by law as property which may be the subject of larceny, and hence of robbery. State v. Rogers, supra; 50 Am.Jur.2d, Larceny § 59. The fact that the indictment in Guffey fails to describe any property distinguishes that case from the case at bar. Moreover, Guffey is further distinguishable in that it involved a completed robbery. Here, we have an attempted robbery, and it is impossible to charge the exact value of the property involved, because no property was, in fact, taken.

We hold the indictment here is sufficient and Judge Copeland was correct in overruling defendant's motion to quash.

Defendant next contends that the trial court erred in permitting Stevens to testify over objection that about 20 stitches were placed in his head as the result of the wound received by him when defendant struck him over the head with the Coca-Cola bottle, and that he remained in the hospital for about one week; and in permitting Detective Mullen to testify over objection that when he went to the hospital to discuss the case with Stevens, Stevens was in bed, unable to sit up, and that he had a large bandage on the top part of his head and the left side of his face. Prior to the objection to the testimony of Stevens as to the wound on his head and his stay in the hospital, Stevens testified without objection that defendant "busted a ten ounce Coca-Cola bottle over my head," "blood was both all over my face and all the way down my clothes," "I could not see right * * * because there was so much blood in my face and on my glasses," "I was getting very groggy, I was almost out, I could hardly walk," "I con't [sic] recall anything else that happened then because I was losing more blood all the time and I wanted to get to a doctor." Detective Mullen was allowed to testify without objection: "He [Stevens] had a large bandage on the top part of his head and *445 also on I believe it was the left side of his head and a laceration over here and a long laceration on the top part of his head. I talked to Dr. Kornegay also. Mr. Stevens was in the hospital that day and he stayed in the hospital for approximately a week after I talked to him." It is the well-established rule that when evidence is admitted over objection but the same evidence has theretofore or thereafter been admitted without objection, the benefit of the objection is ordinarily lost. Davis v. Vaughn, 243 N.C. 486, 91 S.E.2d 165; Price v. Whisnant, 232 N.C. 653, 62 S.E.2d 56; State v. Godwin, 224 N.C. 846, 32 S.E.2d 609; Stansbury's N.C. Evidence, 2d ed., § 30. This assignment of error is without merit.

Defendant next assigns as error that portion of the trial court's charge to the jury wherein the court was defining "an attempt." The court said: "An intent in criminal jurisprudence is an effort to accomplish a crime amounting to more than mere preparation or planning for it and which if not prevented would have resulted in the full consummation of the act attempted." It is obvious that the court here inadvertently used the word "intent" when he meant "attempt." In the paragraphs immediately preceding and immediately following that portion of the charge excepted to, and also in the paragraph which is the subject of this exception, the correct word "attempt" is used. Clearly, the court was defining "attempt." "Intent" is correctly defined in another portion of the charge. This is no more than a lapsus linguae and could not have been misunderstood by the jury and is not prejudicial. State v. Smith, 237 N.C. 1, 74 S.E.2d 291; State v. Truelove, 224 N.C. 147, 29 S.E.2d 460.

Defendant next assigns as error the failure of the court to submit an issue of his guilt of attempted common law robbery.

"It is true that in a prosecution for robbery with firearms, an accused may be acquitted of the major charge and convicted of an included or lesser offense, such as common law robbery, or assault, or larceny from the person, or simple larceny, if a verdict for the included or lesser offense is supported by allegations of the indictment and by evidence on the trial. 42 C.J.S. Indictments and Information §§ 275, 283, 293; State v. Jones, supra, 227 N.C. 402, 42 S.E.2d 465; State v. Moore, 211 N.C. 748, 191 S.E. 840; State v. Holt, 192 N.C. 490, 135 S.E. 324; State v. Cody, 60 N.C. 197." State v. Bell, 228 N.C. 659, 46 S.E.2d 834; State v. Parker, 262 N.C. 679, 138 S.E.2d 496. However, the trial court is not required to submit to the jury the question of a lesser offense, included in that charged in the indictment, where there is no evidence to support such a verdict. State v. Williams, 275 N.C. 77, 165 S.E.2d 481; State v. Hicks, 241 N.C. 156, 84 S.E.2d 545. In the case under review, the State's evidence clearly indicates an attempted armed robbery by the use or threatened use of a .22 caliber pistol. The defendant contends that he did not use the pistol to rob or attempt to rob Stevens, but to the contrary he only defended himself against an unjustified assault made upon him. He further contends the pistol was knocked from his hand by Stevens and was not actually used for any purpose. There is no evidence to indicate an intent to rob anyone or to steal anything without the use of the pistol. Under the State's evidence, the defendant would be guilty of attempted armed robbery. Under the defendant's evidence, he would not be guilty of attempted armed robbery or attempted common law robbery. Therefore, the judge was not, as defendant contends, required to instruct the jury that it might return a verdict of guilty of attempted common law robbery. State v. Bridges, 266 N.C. 354, 146 S.E.2d 107; State v. Parker, supra; State v. Bell, supra.

The judge did properly charge that the jury could bring in one of several verdicts: guilty as charged in the indictment, guilty of an assault with a deadly weapon, guilty of a simple assault, or not guilty. The *446 jury accepted the State's evidence and returned the verdict of guilty as charged.

Other exceptions to the judge's charge have been carefully considered, but when read contextually the charge presents the law fairly and clearly to the jury.

We find no prejudicial error.

No Error.