Matter of Hall

366 S.E.2d 882 (1988)

In the Matter of Douglas Yates HALL, minor child.

No. 8728DC983.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

April 19, 1988.

*884 Legal Services of the Blue Ridge, Inc. by Louise Ashmore, Boone, for respondent-appellant.

Rebecca B. Knight, Asheville, for petitioner-appellee Buncombe County Dept. of Social Services.

Richard Schumacher, Asheville, for petitioner-appellee guardian ad litem.

EAGLES, Judge.

Rule 60(b)(1) of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure allows the trial court to relieve a party from a final judgment for "[m]istake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect." G.S. 1A-1, Rule 60(b)(1). A Rule 60(b)(1) motion must be made within a reasonable time, Brady v. Town of Chapel Hill, 277 N.C. 720, 178 S.E.2d 446 (1971); G.S. 1A-1, Rule 60(b)(1), and the movant must show both the existence of one of the stated grounds for relief, and a "meritorious defense." Howard v. Williams, 40 N.C.App. 575, 253 S.E.2d 571 (1979). Even if we were to assume that respondent filed her motion within a reasonable time and had pled a meritorious defense, respondent failed to show "excusable neglect."

Although the decision to set aside a judgment under Rule 60(b)(1) is a matter within the trial court's discretion, Sawyer v. Goodman, 63 N.C.App. 191, 303 S.E.2d 632, disc. rev. denied, 309 N.C. 823, 310 S.E.2d 352 (1983), what constitutes "excusable neglect" is a question of law which is fully reviewable on appeal. Thomas M. McInnis & Assoc., Inc. v. Hall, 318 N.C. 421, 349 S.E.2d 552 (1986). However, the trial court's decision is final if there is competent evidence to support its findings and those findings support its conclusion. Wynnewood Corp. v. Soderquist, 27 N.C. App. 611, 219 S.E.2d 787 (1975). Whether the movant has shown excusable neglect must be determined by his actions at or before entry of judgment. Norton v. Sawyer, 30 N.C.App. 420, 227 S.E.2d 148, disc. rev. denied, 291 N.C. 176, 229 S.E.2d 689 (1976). Here, the relevant findings of the trial court show, as a matter of law, an absence of excusable neglect.

When a party is duly served with a summons, yet fails to give her defense the attention which a person of ordinary prudence usually gives her important business, there is no excusable neglect. East Carolina Oil Transport v. Petroleum Fuel & Terminal Co., 82 N.C.App. 746, 348 S.E.2d 165 (1986), disc. rev. denied, 318 N.C. 693, 351 S.E.2d 745 (1987). The trial court found that respondent was personally served with the summons, and a copy of the petition. Respondent also received an enclosed notice, which informed her of her right to have a court appointed attorney if she could not afford to hire counsel, and provided a telephone number for her to call to have an attorney appointed. The court found that respondent saw the telephone number but failed to call, either to get an attorney or to request a continuance. The trial court also found that respondent was unemployed at the time and was receiving money, food and gas from police and charitable organizations. Respondent returned to North Carolina in February 1987, in her own car, by obtaining food and gasoline at various police stations and churches. The court found no evidence that respondent was unable to return to North Carolina by that method in December or January. These findings establish that respondent failed to use ordinary prudence to defend the action against her. Consequently, the trial court properly concluded that respondent did not show excusable neglect.

Respondent does not argue that the trial court's findings are unsupported by the evidence. Instead, she contends that the court's findings, and other evidence not addressed in the findings, regarding her poor financial situation and her limited ability to understand the importance of the petition, establish excusable neglect. We do not agree.

*885 The trial court found that respondent was unemployed and was receiving food and money from charitable organizations. Other evidence shows that she was living in a trailer, rent-free, was caring for her nine year old daughter, had lost her driver's license, had tried calling DSS on two occasions, and had no money to travel to North Carolina. Respondent's poor financial condition, however, does not account for her failure to call or write court authorities, or to make further attempts to contact DSS. Moreover the record contains no evidence that respondent made any effort to seek local legal counsel or attempt to get financial or other assistance from the Texas Department of Social Services, or the charitable organizations which were providing her with money, food, and gasoline; nor can we speculate that such efforts would have been unavailing. In addition, her return to North Carolina in February belies her argument that she was financially unable to return for the hearing in January. In fact, respondent testified that she could have returned to North Carolina in January but did not think about it because she was worrying about finding work, caring for her other child, and the termination of her relationship with Douglas' father. Respondent's financial situation may, indeed, have been a difficult one but, under the circumstances, it does not constitute excusable neglect.

Respondent's claim that she was confused about the summons and what she should do in response also fails to establish excusable neglect. A party may not show excusable neglect by merely establishing that she failed to obtain an attorney and was ignorant of the judicial process. See Gregg v. Steele, 24 N.C.App. 310, 210 S.E.2d 434 (1974). Similarly, the fact that the movant claims he did not understand the case, or did not believe that the court would grant the relief requested in the complaint, has been held insufficient to show excusable neglect, even where the movant is not well educated. See Boyd v. Marsh, 47 N.C.App. 491, 267 S.E.2d 394 (1980). Respondent could read and write and there is no evidence she was suffering from a mental incapacity. Cf. Wynnewood Corp. v. Soderquist, supra. The evidence shows that respondent knew both the nature of the proceedings against her and her obligation to return to North Carolina for the hearing. Under the circumstances, respondent's failure to take action to defend her case is not excusable neglect.

Absent a showing of excusable neglect, whether the movant pled a meritorious defense becomes immaterial. Bundy v. Ayscue, 5 N.C.App. 581, 169 S.E.2d 87, appeal dismissed, 276 N.C. 81, 171 S.E.2d 1 (1969). Therefore, we need not address respondent's remaining argument regarding the admission of allegedly irrelevant evidence concerning the merits of the petition for termination.

Affirmed.

COZORT and SMITH, JJ., concur.