State v. C. de Baca

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This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Appellate Reports. Please see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does not include the filing date. 1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO 2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO, 3 Plaintiff-Appellee, 4 v. No. A-1-CA-36443 5 DAVID C DE BACA, 6 Defendant-Appellant. 7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF SANDOVAL COUNTY 8 George P. Eichwald, District Judge 9 Hector H. Balderas, Attorney General 10 Santa Fe, NM 11 for Appellee 12 D. Eric Hannum 13 Albuquerque, NM 14 for Appellant 15 MEMORANDUM OPINION 16 ZAMORA, Judge. 17 {1} Defendant David C de Baca appeals from his conviction for criminal sexual 18 contact of a minor in the third degree. This Court filed a notice of proposed 1 disposition proposing to summarily affirm. Defendant filed a memorandum in 2 opposition to the proposed disposition. Having considered Defendant’s arguments, 3 and not being persuaded by them, we affirm. 4 {2} Defendant argues that this Court’s calendar notice misapprehends his theory of 5 relevance. [MIO 2] Specifically, Defendant asserts that he does not claim that the 6 proffered psychological testimony would have supported a theory of fabrication, but 7 that the excluded testimony was intended to explain to the jury that the victim’s prior 8 sexual abuse could have led to a misperception on her part. [Id.] Defendant contends 9 that the trial court’s exclusion of the explanatory psychological testimony deprived 10 him of his right to present a full and fair defense and his right of confrontation. [Id. 11 3-4] 12 {3} Absent reliance on a well recognized theory of relevance, this Court surmised 13 from the arguments asserted in the docketing statement that Defendant was relying on 14 a motive to fabricate theory. [DS 3; CN 3] See State v. Johnson, 1997-NMSC-036, 15 ¶ 9, 123 N.M. 640, 944 P.2d 869 (indicating that the identifiable bases for the 16 admissibility of evidence of prior sexual conduct is “to show bias, motive to fabricate 17 or for other purposes consistent with the constitutional right”). 18 {4} We start from the premise that as a general rule, the testimony proffered by 19 Defendant was inadmissible, see Rule 11-412(A) NMRA (stating that “evidence 2 1 offered to prove that a victim engaged in other sexual behavior” is not admissible), 2 and Defendant had the burden of justifying an exception, see Rule 11-412(B) 3 (providing that “[t]he court may admit evidence of the victim’s past sexual conduct 4 that is material and relevant to the case when the inflammatory or prejudicial nature 5 does not outweigh its probative value”). Our cases have left the balancing of 6 prejudicial effect against probative value to the discretion of the trial judge. See 7 Johnson, 1997-NMSC-036, ¶ 20 (“[O]ur statute, rule, and cases rely on the trial court 8 judge to identify theories of relevance as well as to exercise discretion, balance 9 prejudicial effect against probative value, and thus determine admissibility on a case 10 by case basis.”). Evidence of prior sexual abuse perpetrated against a victim is not 11 sufficient in itself to show a tendency or bias toward misinterpreting sexual cues or 12 hypersensitizing normal touching. See id. ¶ 32 (“[I]n order to enable the trial court to 13 perform its role in identifying a theory of relevance prior to balancing probative value 14 against prejudice, a defendant must show sufficient facts to support a particular theory 15 of relevance.”). Defendant asserts that the proffered psychological testimony was 16 relevant because it served as an explanation for the victim’s mistaken perception that 17 she had been sexually abused by Defendant. [MIO 2] Even assuming that showing the 18 victim had been sexually abused by an older step brother was sufficient to show such 19 a tendency, Defendant failed to show that the probative value of admitting evidence 3 1 of the victim’s prior sexual abuse, as obtained from police reports concerning the 2 incident [DS 3], was equal to or outweighed its inherent prejudicial effect. Therefore, 3 we are not persuaded that the trial court abused its discretion in rejecting the proffered 4 evidence. 5 {5} Defendant further suggests that Montoya v. Ulibarri, 2007-NMSC-035, 142 6 N.M. 89, 163 P.3d 476, provides a more appropriate framework for analyzing the 7 district court’s denial of his motion for a new trial than does State v. Volpato, 8 1985-NMSC-017, 102 N.M. 383, 696 P.2d 471. [MIO 4] Reiterating the Supreme 9 Court’s holding that the deprivation of life or liberty of an actual innocent person is 10 inconsistent with our state constitutional guarantees of due process and against cruel 11 and unusual punishment, Defendant asserts that because he pled not guilty, and 12 continues to assert his actual innocence, his motion for a new trial is more properly 13 analyzed under the rubric of Montoya rather than Volpato. [Id.] We disagree. 14 {6} Montoya involved an appeal from the denial of a habeas corpus petition, 15 wherein the Supreme Court held that “[t]o ensure that the principles of fairness within 16 the New Mexico Constitution are protected . . . . that a habeas petitioner must be 17 permitted to assert a claim of actual innocence in his habeas petition.” Montoya, 18 2007-NMSC-035, ¶ 23. The rationale is that habeas corpus is the final and ultimate 19 judicial inquiry into the fundamental fairness of a judicial proceeding convicting and 4 1 sentencing a defendant. Id. Volpato, which states the requirements for granting a new 2 trial, is directly applicable to the issue here. See 1985-NMSC-017, ¶ 7. Aside from 3 suggesting that Montoya provides a more appropriate framework, Defendant does not 4 point to any error in this Court’s application of Volpato to the facts in this case. [MIO 5 4] See State v. Mondragon, 1988-NMCA-027, ¶ 10, 107 N.M. 421, 759 P.2d 1003 (“A 6 party responding to a summary calendar notice must come forward and specifically 7 point out errors of law and fact.”). Accordingly, we affirm. 8 {7} For these reasons and those stated in the calendar notice, we affirm Defendant’s 9 conviction. 10 {8} IT IS SO ORDERED. 11 12 M. MONICA ZAMORA, Judge 13 WE CONCUR: 14 15 LINDA M. VANZI, Chief Judge 16 17 EMIL M. KIEHNE, Judge 5

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