State v. Vallejos
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This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Appellate Reports. Please see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does not include the filing date. 1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO 2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO, 3 Plaintiff-Appellee, 4 v. NO.33,928 5 RUDY VALLEJOS, 6 Defendant-Appellant. 7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF SAN JUAN COUNTY 8 John A. Dean, Jr., District Judge 9 Hector H. Balderas, Attorney General 10 Santa Fe, NM 11 for Appellee 12 Jorge A. Alvarado, Chief Public Defender 13 Mary Barket, Assistant Appellate Defender 14 Santa Fe, NM 15 for Appellant 16 MEMORANDUM OPINION 17 VANZI, Judge. 18 {1} Defendant appeals his conviction for felony driving while under the influence 19 (DWI). We issued a notice of proposed disposition proposing to affirm, and Defendant 1 has responded with a motion to amend the docketing statement and a memorandum 2 in opposition. We have carefully considered the arguments raised by Defendant but 3 remain convinced that affirmance is the appropriate result in this case. Therefore, for 4 the reasons stated in this Opinion and in the notice of proposed disposition, we deny 5 the motion to amend the docketing statement and affirm Defendant’s conviction. 6 Motion to Amend 7 {2} Defendant contends the district court erred in admitting into evidence a lab 8 report containing evidence of Defendant’s blood-alcohol content (BAC). In his 9 docketing statement, Defendant objected to the district court’s admission of the lab 10 report on foundational grounds and cited no Confrontation Clause cases as supporting 11 authority for his argument against admission of the report. [DS 5-6] We proposed to 12 reject Defendant’s lack-of-foundation argument and to affirm the district court’s 13 admission of the evidence. Now Defendant moves to amend his docketing statement 14 to include a Confrontation Clause argument. This argument is based on the fact that 15 a lab analyst conducted the test of Defendant’s blood and prepared a draft report 16 containing the results of the testing, but the report was reviewed and finalized by a lab 17 supervisor who did not testify at trial. Defendant contends the report should not have 18 been admitted into evidence because the supervisor was not available for cross19 examination. For purposes of this Opinion, we accept trial counsel’s belief that she 2 1 preserved this issue at trial by referring to the Confrontation Clause during her 2 argument, although counsel is not entirely certain on that point. [MIO 5] 3 {3} Defendant’s argument is not viable because, for Confrontation Clause purposes, 4 the testimonial evidence that was admitted at trial was not the report itself but the 5 information contained in the report—Defendant’s BAC results as revealed by the 6 testing performed by the analyst. See State v. Huettl, 2013-NMCA-038, ¶ 37, 305 P.3d 7 956 (pointing out that testimony that is based upon a non-testifying analyst’s 8 conclusions and analysis is “clearly impermissible” under the Confrontation Clause); 9 see also Bullcoming v. New Mexico, ___ U.S. ___, 131 S.Ct. 2705, 2715-16 (2011) 10 (holding that, to satisfy Confrontation Clause, the analyst who performed the blood11 alcohol analysis must testify and be available for cross-examination concerning the 12 testing process employed by the analyst). In fact, if the supervisor had been offered 13 as a witness in this case, it would have been proper to reject his testimony on 14 Confrontation Clause grounds, because there is no indication that he independently 15 tested Defendant’s blood or arrived at independent conclusions that were based on raw 16 data generated by the analyst. See Bullcoming, ___ U.S. ___, 131 S. Ct. at 2716 17 (rejecting the New Mexico Supreme Court’s holding that a lab supervisor could 18 constitutionally testify as to the results of tests performed by a different analyst and 19 noting that the state did not assert that the supervisor had any independent opinion 3 1 about the defendant’s BAC); Huettl, 2013-NMCA-038, ¶¶ 36-37 (holding that, while 2 an expert may testify as to her own opinion based on raw data generated by a non3 testifying analyst, the expert may not testify about the contents of a report that is based 4 on testing performed by a non-testifying analyst). 5 {4} In this case the analyst who performed the testing of Defendant’s blood 6 appeared as a witness and was available for cross-examination. The analyst testified 7 that he broke the seal on the blood container and performed the test and then prepared 8 a report showing the results of the test. [MIO 5-6] That report was then reviewed by 9 the supervisor, who finalized the report. [Id.] It is clear that, according to the 10 information contained in the docketing statement and motion to amend, the supervisor 11 performed no independent testing of the blood and reached no independent 12 conclusions concerning the results of the testing. For that reason, the Confrontation 13 Clause did not require that the supervisor testify in order to make the report admissible 14 at trial; instead, the analyst was properly allowed to testify about the substantive 15 contents of the report, including the tests he performed and the results of those tests. 16 {5} We note that Defendant suggests that the lab report may have constituted a 17 “separate accusation” by the supervisor because it may have “reflected his review of 18 the data.” [MIO 9] However, there is nothing in the docketing statement or in the tape 19 log from the trial that indicates this was the case. [DS passim; RP 118-19] As we 20 pointed out above and in the notice of proposed disposition, the analyst testified that 4 1 he performed the testing and prepared the report setting out the results of the test, 2 which was then reviewed by the supervisor. We have been provided no evidentiary 3 support for an assertion that the supervisor performed any independent analysis at all, 4 either of Defendant’s blood or of the results of the testing of that blood. In sum, the 5 report signed by the supervisor merely reflected his review of the analyst’s draft 6 report, not an independent accusation of Defendant and was therefore not subject to 7 the restrictions of the Confrontation Clause. Cf. Bullcoming, ___ U.S. ___, 131 S. Ct. 8 at 2716; Huettl, 2013-NMCA-038, ¶¶ 36-37. 9 {6} Since the issue Defendant attempts to raise is not viable, we deny his motion 10 to amend the docketing statement. See State v. Sommer, 1994-NMCA-070, ¶ 11, 118 11 N.M. 58, 878 P.2d 1007 (denying the defendant’s motion to amend the docketing 12 statement because the argument offered in support of the motion was not viable). 13 Memorandum in Opposition 14 {7} Defendant again argues that the State failed to lay a sufficient evidentiary 15 foundation for the admission of the lab report. As we discussed in the notice, the lab 16 report is considered a business record, and the analyst who created the substance of 17 the report was qualified to authenticate the report for purposes of the Rules of 18 Evidence. See State v. Nez, 2010-NMCA-092, ¶¶ 3, 14, 148 N.M. 914, 242 P.3d 481; 19 Roark v. Farmers Grp., Inc., 2007-NMCA-074, ¶ 24, 142 N.M. 59, 162 P.3d 896. We 20 therefore affirm on this issue. 5 1 {8} Defendant also repeats his argument that the analyst should not have been 2 allowed to testify because he was not disclosed as a witness until eight days before 3 trial. Defendant maintains that trial counsel did not have an adequate opportunity to 4 research the analyst’s background or investigate his assertions about the testing he 5 performed or the test results because the district court’s cure for the late disclosure 6 was simply to allow counsel to interview the analyst briefly before he testified. 7 Defendant acknowledges that a district court’s ruling concerning late disclosure of 8 evidence is reviewed only for an abuse of discretion. State v. Duarte, 2007-NMCA9 012, ¶ 14, 140 N.M. 930, 149 P.3d 1027. No such abuse has been demonstrated here. 10 Defendant can offer only vague assertions concerning his inability to investigate the 11 analyst’s background and the testing methods employed by the analyst. These 12 assertions, lacking any concrete information about what Defendant believed he could 13 discover if he had more time to investigate the analyst, are insufficient to establish that 14 Defendant was prejudiced by the late disclosure of the analyst as a witness. We affirm 15 the district court’s decision allowing the analyst to testify at trial. 16 {9} Defendant’s final argument repeats his claim that he received ineffective 17 assistance of counsel because trial counsel successfully excluded evidence of the 18 existence of Defendant’s intoxilyzer device from the trial and advised Defendant not 19 to testify. In addition, Defendant argues that if trial counsel did not preserve for appeal 6 1 the Confrontation Clause issue discussed above, then that failure constituted 2 ineffective assistance. 3 {10} As to the last claim, we have assumed that the Confrontation Clause argument 4 was preserved and have found it to be without merit. Therefore, even if it was not 5 preserved, Defendant was not prejudiced by trial counsel’s purported failure to raise 6 the meritless argument, and as a result did not receive ineffective assistance from his 7 attorney. See State v. Chandler, 1995-NMCA-033, ¶ 35, 119 N.M. 727, 895 P.2d 249 8 (stating that it is not ineffective assistance of counsel to fail to make a motion that 9 lacks merit). 10 {11} With respect to the intoxilyzer argument, an obvious tactical reason exists for 11 trial counsel’s actions—preventing the jury from learning that Defendant had a prior 12 conviction or convictions for DWI. Therefore, these actions, without more, do not 13 establish ineffectiveness. See State v. Ortega, 2014-NMSC-017, ¶ 55, 327 P.3d 1076 14 (holding that a prima facie case of ineffective assistance of counsel does not exist 15 where there is a plausible, rational strategy explaining the attorney’s actions). 16 {12} Finally, Defendant recognizes that his claim concerning trial counsel’s advice 17 that he not testify depends on facts that are not of record. [MIO 18] He asks that the 18 case be remanded for an evidentiary hearing or that we note that he may raise this 19 issue in post-conviction proceedings. We decline the request to remand because 20 Defendant has not established a prima facie showing of ineffective assistance; again, 7 1 a plausible trial strategy (preventing Defendant from possibly being cross-examined 2 about his prior DWI convictions) existed for trial counsel’s actions. See id.; State v. 3 Arrendondo, 2012-NMSC-013, ¶ 38, 278 P.3d 517 (holding that a case will be 4 remanded for an evidentiary hearing only where a prima facie showing of ineffective 5 assistance has been made on appeal). Defendant remains free to attempt to raise this 6 issue in any post-conviction proceedings he may be eligible to file. See Arrendondo, 7 2012-NMSC-013, ¶ 44 (raising ineffective assistance claim on direct appeal does not 8 preclude defendant from subsequently pursuing habeas corpus action where more 9 facts can be developed). 10 {13} Based on the foregoing, we affirm Defendant’s felony DWI conviction. 11 {14} IT IS SO ORDERED. 12 13 __________________________________ LINDA M. VANZI, Judge 14 WE CONCUR: 15 _________________________________ 16 MICHAEL E. VIGIL, Chief Judge 17 _________________________________ 18 JAMES J. WECHSLER, Judge 8
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