State v. Taylor
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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO 2 Opinion Number: _______________ 3 Filing Date: November 18, 2014 4 NO. 31,998 5 STATE OF NEW MEXICO, 6 Plaintiff-Appellant, 7 v. 8 LARRY B. TAYLOR, 9 Defendant-Appellee. 10 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF ROOSEVELT COUNTY 11 Stephen K. Quinn, District Judge 12 13 14 15 Gary K. King, Attorney General Santa Fe, NM M. Anne Kelly, Assistant Attorney General Albuquerque, NM 16 for Appellant 17 Jorge A. Alvarado, Chief Public Defender 18 J.K. Theodosia Johnson, Assistant Appellate Defender 19 Santa Fe, NM 20 for Appellee 1 OPINION 2 VIGIL, Judge. 3 {1} This is another Sixth Amendment speedy trial case. The central question 4 presented is whether a defendant permanently waives his constitutional right to a 5 speedy trial because his attorney moves for a trial setting to be vacated due to a 6 scheduling conflict with another trial setting and stipulates that the resulting delay 7 will not be attributable to the State. The district court concluded, “it is not reasonable 8 to say that this ‘waiver’ would allow a one (1) year, three (3) months and six (6) days 9 delay” and dismissed the criminal information with prejudice on grounds that 10 Defendant’s constitutional right to a speedy trial was violated. We agree and affirm. 11 BACKGROUND 12 {2} On January 25, 2010, police responded to a domestic abuse call, which resulted 13 in Defendant’s arrest. The following day two separate criminal complaints were filed 14 in the magistrate court. The first charged Defendant with criminal sexual penetration 15 in the third degree, and the second alleged misdemeanor battery with respect to the 16 same victim. After posting bond, Defendant was released on February 2, 2010. 17 Defendant filed a written demand for a speedy trial in the felony case on February 11, 18 2010, and a written demand for a speedy trial in the misdemeanor case on February 19 16, 2010. A waiver of preliminary hearing and presentation to the grand jury was 1 filed on February 17, 2010, and the case was bound over to the district court. On 2 March 5, 2010, a criminal information was filed in the district court charging both 3 criminal sexual penetration in the third degree and misdemeanor battery on a 4 household member. 5 {3} On June 15, 2010, a jury trial was scheduled to commence before Judge Tatum 6 on July 27, 2010. However, on July 6, 2010, Judge Tatum voluntarily recused 7 himself from the case, and it was assigned to Judge Hartley. On July 12, 2010, the 8 State recused Judge Hartley from hearing the case, and on July 26, 2010, Judge Orlik 9 was assigned to the case. On September 17, 2010, trial was set to commence on 10 October 6, 2010 before Judge Orlik. On October 5, 2010, Defendant filed a motion 11 to vacate the trial on grounds that Defendant’s attorney had another jury trial set on 12 the same date and time. The State concurred in the motion with Defendant’s 13 stipulation that “any delay resulting from a continuance will not count against the 14 State in speedy trial determinations.” However, at no time after this motion was 15 granted, did the State request a new trial setting. 16 {4} Judge Orlik passed away on May 28, 2011, and Judge Mowrer was appointed 17 to replace him. The case was then erroneously assigned to Judge Quinn on June 6, 18 2011, and when the mistake was discovered, the case was re-assigned to Judge 19 Mowrer on July 19, 2011. Judge Mowrer voluntarily recused herself from the case 2 1 on September 5, 2011, because as the prior Deputy District Attorney, she had 2 appeared on behalf of the State in the case at a prior hearing. Ten days later, on 3 September 15, the case was re-assigned to Judge Quinn. On his own motion, Judge 4 Quinn held a pretrial conference on December 13, 2011, and set the case to 5 commence trial on January 11, 2012. At the pretrial conference, defense counsel 6 alerted the court that there were speedy trial problems, and the day before trial, 7 Defendant filed a motion to dismiss on speedy trial grounds, which Judge Quinn 8 granted on January 12, 2012. The State appeals. 9 STANDARD OF REVIEW 10 {5} On appeal from an order of dismissal for a violation of a defendant’s right to 11 a speedy trial, we give deference to the district court’s factual findings but review the 12 speedy trial factors de novo. State v. Spearman, 2012-NMSC-023, ¶ 19, 283 P.3d 13 272. The speedy trial factors we consider are those set forth in Barker v. Wingo, 407 14 U.S. 514, 530-32 (1972): “(1) the length of the delay, (2) the reasons given for the 15 delay, (3) the defendant’s assertion of the right to a speedy trial, and (4) prejudice to 16 the defendant.” State v. Collier, 2013-NMSC-015, ¶ 39, 301 P.3d 370 (internal 17 quotation marks and citation omitted). “Each of these factors is weighed either in 18 favor of or against the State or the defendant, and then balanced to determine if a 19 defendant’s right to a speedy trial was violated.” Spearman, 2012-NMSC-023, ¶ 17. 3 1 No single Barker factor is “either a necessary or sufficient condition to the finding 2 of a deprivation of the right of speedy trial. Rather, they are related factors and must 3 be considered together with such other circumstances as may be relevant.” Barker, 4 407 U.S. at 533. Thus, in applying the Barker factors, we reject a bright-line analysis 5 and analyze each case on an ad hoc basis in light of its own unique factual 6 circumstances. State v. Garza, 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 14, 146 N.M. 499, 212 P.3d 387. 7 SPEEDY TRIAL ANALYSIS 8 {6} The Sixth Amendment directs that “[i]n all criminal prosecutions, the accused 9 shall enjoy the right to a speedy . . . trial[.]” Id. ¶ 10 (internal quotation marks and 10 citation omitted). In a similar vein, Article II, Section 14 of the New Mexico 11 Constitution guarantees to an accused “a speedy public trial[.]” Garza, 2009-NMSC12 038, ¶ 10 n.1. Thus, in our analysis, we are mindful that “[t]he right to a speedy trial 13 is a fundamental right of the accused[,]” id., that is “guaranteed by both the Sixth 14 Amendment of the United States Constitution and Article II, Section 14 of the New 15 Mexico Constitution.” Spearman, 2012-NMSC-023, ¶ 16. See Barker, 407 U.S. at 16 533 (stating that “because we are dealing with a fundamental right of the accused,” 17 the balancing process of the Barker factors “must be carried out with full recognition 18 that the accused’s interest in a speedy trial is specifically affirmed in the 19 Constitution”). The first step in our analysis is to determine whether the length of 4 1 pretrial delay is “‘presumptively prejudicial.’” Garza, 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 23 2 (quoting Barker, 407 U.S. at 533). Only when the length of delay is “presumptively 3 prejudicial” do we proceed to consideration of all of the Barker factors. See Garza, 4 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 21 (stating that a “presumptively prejudicial” length of delay is 5 “simply a triggering mechanism, requiring further inquiry into the Barker factors”). 6 {7} The district court found, and the State does not dispute, that this is a simple 7 case. See State v. Plouse, 2003-NMCA-048, ¶ 42, 133 N.M. 495, 64 P.3d 522 (“We 8 give due deference to the district court’s findings as to the level of complexity.”). In 9 Garza, our Supreme Court adopted “one year as a benchmark for determining when 10 a simple case may become presumptively prejudicial.” 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 48. Here, 11 Defendant’s right to a speedy trial attached upon his arrest. See State v. Laney, 200312 NMCA-144, ¶ 10, 134 N.M. 648, 81 P.3d 591 (“The right [to a speedy trial] attaches 13 when the defendant becomes an accused, either at the time of arrest or upon the 14 issuance of an indictment or information.”). Thus, the almost twenty-four-month 15 delay between Defendant’s arrest on January 25, 2010, and his January 11, 2012 trial 16 date surpasses the twelve-month threshold for simple cases. We therefore proceed 17 to analyze and weigh the four Barker factors. 5 1 A. Length of Delay 2 “Considering the length of delay as one of the four Barker factors, the greater {8} 3 the delay the more heavily it will potentially weigh against the State.” Garza, 20094 NMSC-038, ¶ 24; see also Doggett v. United States, 505 U.S. 647, 652 (1992) (noting 5 that, once a defendant establishes that delay was presumptively prejudicial, “the court 6 must then consider, as one factor among several, the extent to which the delay 7 stretches beyond the bare minimum needed to trigger judicial examination of the 8 claim”). 9 {9} Here, the delay was almost two years, nearly twice as long as the twelve-month 10 threshold for simple cases. We therefore weigh this factor heavily against the State. 11 See State v. Vigil-Giron, 2014-NMCA-069, ¶¶ 19, 65, 327 P.3d 1129 (concluding that 12 the length of delay, which was twice as long as the length of delay considered to be 13 presumptively prejudicial, weighed heavily against the State), cert. denied, 201414 NMCERT-006, 328 P.3d 1188; State v. Marquez, 2001-NMCA-062, ¶ 12, 130 N.M. 15 651, 29 P.3d 1052 (holding that a nine-month delay that extended beyond the then16 nine-month threshold for simple cases weighed heavily against the State). 17 B. Reasons for Delay 18 Analysis of this Barker factor requires us to address the central question posed {10} 19 in this case: whether the reasons for the almost two-year delay should be weighed 6 1 against the State, and to what extent. Garza, 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 25. “Barker 2 identified three types of delay, indicating that ‘different weights should be assigned 3 to different reasons’ for the delay.” Garza, 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 25. At one end of the 4 spectrum, “a valid reason, such as a missing witness, should serve to justify 5 appropriate delay.” Id. ¶ 27 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). At the 6 other end of the spectrum, “‘official bad faith in causing delay will be weighed 7 heavily against the government,’ and excessive bad-faith delay may present an 8 overwhelming case for dismissal.’” Id. ¶ 25 (quoting Doggett, 505 U.S. at 656). In 9 the middle lies negligent or administrative delay. Although “negligent,” the delay is 10 nonetheless weighed against the State, “‘since the ultimate responsibility for such 11 circumstances must rest with the government rather than with the defendant,’” but 12 such a reason is not weighed heavily. Garza, 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 26 (quoting 13 Barker, 407 U.S. at 531). 14 {11} The State acknowledges that the thirty-nine day delay between Defendant’s 15 arrest on January 25, 2010, and the filing of the criminal information in the district 16 court on March 5, 2010, weighs slightly against the State. We agree. See State v. 17 Parrish, 2011-NMCA-033, ¶ 24, 149 N.M. 506, 252 P.3d 730 (stating that the two18 month delay due to the State’s dismissal of charges in magistrate court and refiling 19 the same charges in the district court was negligent delay that weighed slightly 7 1 against the State). We also agree with the State that during the four-month period 2 from March 5, 2010, when the criminal information was filed in the district court, 3 until July 6, 2010, when Judge Tatum voluntarily recused himself on July 6, 2010, the 4 case was progressing in a normal fashion, with the result that this period is to be 5 weighed neutrally. See id. ¶ 25 (stating that four and one-half month delay should be 6 weighed neutrally because “the case progressed with customary promptness during 7 this period”). This was followed by a delay of approximately three months, from July 8 6, 2010, until October 5, 2010, during which the case was assigned to Judge Hartley, 9 and then reassigned to Judge Orlik, who set the case for trial to commence on October 10 5, 2010. Again, we agree with the State that this reassignment of judges “falls within 11 the administrative burdens on the criminal justice system” and is weighed as 12 negligent delay against the State. Garza, 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 29. 13 {12} This brings us to the pivotal period of delay in this case. That period spans 14 from the October 6, 2010 trial setting before Judge Orlik, which was vacated on 15 Defendant’s motion, to the January 11, 2012 trial setting made by Judge Quinn. This 16 period was calculated by the district court to be “four hundred sixty-three (463) days, 17 or one (1) year, three (3) months and six (6) days.” 18 {13} We begin our analysis with Defendant’s October 5, 2010 motion to vacate the 19 October 6, 2010 trial setting. The State acknowledges in its brief “that this long of 8 1 a delay was probably not contemplated by Defendant in his motion for continuance.” 2 We agree. Defendant asked that the trial setting be vacated on grounds that 3 Defendant’s counsel had another trial scheduled on the same date at the same time 4 before another judge. The motion added that “the parties stipulate that any delay 5 resulting from a continuance will not count against the State in speedy trial 6 determinations.” With this agreement, the State concurred in the motion. By its own 7 terms, the motion only stipulated that delay resulting from the continuance would not 8 count against the State in a speedy trial determination; it did not permanently waive 9 Defendant’s constitutional right to a speedy trial. Thus, Defendant’s concession 10 anticipated a reasonable delay for the State to bring the case to trial rather than a grant 11 to the State of an unlimited time to do so. 12 {14} In assessing how this period of delay is to be considered, we remain mindful 13 that our Supreme Court has rejected bright-line rules in speedy trial analyses, opting 14 instead for an evaluation of the circumstances in each individual case. Garza, 200915 NMSC-038, ¶ 13 (noting that the Barker factors analysis “specifically rejects 16 inflexible, bright-line approaches to analyzing a speedy trial claim”). Defendant 17 accurately portrays the circumstances of this case in stating that after his motion to 18 continue was granted, “[o]ne month passed and the State did nothing. Six months 19 passed and the State did nothing. A year passed and the State did nothing. After 15 9 1 months, the trial court sua sponte ordered a status conference and set a date for trial.” 2 The district court made the same assessment and concluded that the long delay after 3 Defendant’s continuance motion “was caused by the State during which time the State 4 took no steps to obtain a trial setting.” 5 {15} In Vigil-Giron, we examined the administrative delay in a case that was 6 delayed for thirty-six months and concluded that the State “did not go far enough in 7 providing evidence or explanation showing that this case was properly and efficiently 8 managed or showing that the case could not have been managed considerably better 9 for societal purposes and to protect [the d]efendant’s right to a speedy trial.” 201410 NMCA-069, ¶ 66. Yet, in that case the state had actually taken action to move the 11 case forward, filing motions requesting the court to clarify the status of the case and 12 requesting the court to address the outstanding motions as soon as possible. Id. ¶¶ 4, 13 6. In this case, on the other hand, the State did nothing to bring the case to trial after 14 the continuance motion, and offers no explanation for its inaction. We therefore 15 agree with the district court and conclude that this entire period of delay is 16 attributable to the State. See Marquez, 2001-NMCA-062, ¶ 15 (“The State has a 17 constitutional duty to make a diligent, good-faith effort to bring [a d]efendant to 18 trial.”). 10 1 {16} We are therefore left to consider what weight to assign to this period of delay. 2 Negligent delay is not ordinarily weighed heavily against the state, Garza, 3 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 26, but this is not a case of mere negligence. Instead, this is a 4 case in which the State was inexcusably indifferent to its affirmative obligation to 5 bring a simple case to trial. See State v. Gallegos, 2010-NMCA-032, ¶ 21, 148 N.M. 6 182, 231 P.3d 1124 (noting our concern for the States’s “lack of progress” in moving 7 the case forward and holding that the elapsed time weighed heavily against the State 8 (internal quotation marks omitted)); Cf. Spearman, 2012-NMSC-023, ¶ 30 (agreeing 9 with the district court’s conclusion that the State’s extremely dilatory conduct 10 warranted weighing the reason for the delay heavily against the state); State v. 11 Lucero, 1999-NMCA-102, ¶ 25, 127 N.M. 672, 986 P.2d 468 (noting that the 12 prosecutor candidly acknowledged that his negligence in failing to know the contents 13 of the prosecution file could possibly rise to bad faith). We recognize that various 14 judge reassignments were made after Judge Orlik passed away and that we would 15 ordinarily weigh such a delay neutrally. However, because the State did nothing to 16 obtain a trial setting between the time that the continuance motion was granted and 17 the time that Judge Orlik passed away (a span of 235 days), or at any time after that, 18 we do not do so in this case. 11 1 {17} We therefore hold that the delay which the State allowed to elapse after 2 Defendant’s motion to vacate should be weighed heavily against the State. See State 3 v. Urban, 2004-NMSC-007, ¶ 20, 135 N.M. 279, 87 P.3d 1061 (considering the 4 State’s “complete lack of an acceptable reason for fourteen months” of delay between 5 the defendant’s arrest and his indictment as significant in its determination that the 6 defendant’s speedy trial right was violated); Ruffin v. State, 663 S.E.2d 189, 199 (Ga. 7 2008) (“[T]he weight we assign to official negligence compounds over time as the 8 presumption of evidentiary prejudice grows. Thus, our toleration of such negligence 9 varies inversely with its protractedness.”). 10 C. Assertion of the Right 11 The right to a speedy trial is fundamental and is not waived even if never {18} 12 asserted. See Garza, 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 32 (“Rights under this amendment are 13 fundamental in nature so that a failure to assert them does not constitute waiver, but 14 the timeliness and vigor with which the right is asserted may be considered as an 15 indication of whether a defendant was denied needed access to speedy trial over his 16 objection or whether the issue was raised on appeal as afterthought.”). Defendant did 17 not raise the claim as an afterthought. He asserted his right to a speedy trial in the 18 magistrate court, and clearly still had speedy trial considerations on his mind when 19 he stipulated that the delay caused by his motion to continue would not count against 12 1 the State, before ultimately filing his motion to dismiss on speedy trial grounds. 2 These actions are sufficient to support the conclusion that Defendant adequately 3 asserted his right and did not acquiesce in the delay. We give no consideration to the 4 State’s assertion that “[a]lthough it is not Defendant’s responsibility to take himself 5 to trial, Defendant did have the responsibility to explicitly reassert his right when the 6 delay became unacceptable to him.” The State cites no authority for this proposition 7 so we assume there is none. In re Adoption of Doe, 1984-NMSC-024, ¶ 2, 100 N.M. 8 764, 676 P.2d 1329 (“We assume where arguments in briefs are unsupported by cited 9 authority, counsel after diligent search, was unable to find any supporting 10 authority.”). 11 D. Prejudice 12 Our Supreme Court in Garza explained how the prejudice factor is to be {19} 13 examined as follows: 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 The United States Supreme Court has identified three interests under which we analyze prejudice to the defendant: (i) to prevent oppressive pretrial incarceration; (ii) to minimize anxiety and concern of the accused; and (iii) to limit the possibility that the defense will be impaired. As to the first two types of prejudice, some degree of oppression and anxiety is inherent for every defendant who is jailed while awaiting trial. Therefore, we weigh this factor in the defendant’s favor only where the pretrial incarceration or the anxiety suffered is undue. The oppressive nature of the pretrial incarceration depends on the length of incarceration, whether the defendant obtained release prior to trial, and what prejudicial effects the defendant has shown as a result 13 1 2 3 of the incarceration. . . . However, without a particularized showing of prejudice, we will not speculate as to the impact of pretrial incarceration on a defendant or the degree of anxiety a defendant suffers. 4 Garza, 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 35 (alterations, internal quotation marks, and citations 5 omitted). 6 {20} Here, Defendant was released on bond nine days after being arrested and was 7 therefore exposed to minimal pretrial incarceration. Defendant’s counsel argued, and 8 the district court accepted, the traditional prejudicial concerns such as “restriction on 9 his movement, restrictions on his liberty, excessive worrying about the charges 10 against him,” and concern that the delay could have caused the defense to be 11 impaired. However, this is not sufficient by itself to demonstrate particularized 12 prejudice caused by the delay. See id. ¶ 37 (noting that the district court had found 13 “some actual prejudice in the form of restrictions imposed by pre-trial conditions of 14 release and stress” but holding that “some non-particularized prejudice is not the type 15 of prejudice against which the speedy trial right protects” (alteration and internal 16 quotation marks omitted)); Gallegos, 2010-NMCA-032, ¶ 27 (holding that the 17 defendant’s loss of his job, and his assertions of sleeplessness and nervousness did 18 “not constitute the particularized prejudice required for dismissal under a speedy trial 19 violation”). No testimony or documentary evidence was offered or admitted into 20 evidence in support of counsel’s assertion that Defendant was prejudiced. Spearman, 14 1 2012-NMSC-023, ¶ 39 (“[T]he claimed showing of prejudice came in the form of 2 allegations of counsel, both in the written motion to dismiss and at the hearing. 3 Allegations of counsel are not generally considered evidence. [The d]efendant should 4 have offered some actual evidence in the form of affidavits, testimony, or 5 documentation in support of the allegations of lost employment and bankruptcy.” 6 (citation omitted)). 7 {21} Likewise, Defendant presented no evidence that his defense was actually 8 impaired by the delay. Although this last type of prejudice is the “most serious,” our 9 Supreme Court emphasized that a defendant must “substantiate this type of 10 prejudice.” Garza, 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 36 (internal quotation marks and citation 11 omitted). Nevertheless, our Supreme Court also acknowledged that while prejudice 12 is obvious if a witness dies or disappears during the delay, “[t]here is also prejudice 13 if defense witnesses are unable to recall accurately events of the distant past[,]” and 14 this type of prejudice “is not always reflected in the record because what has been 15 forgotten can rarely be shown.” Id. (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). 16 We acknowledge that such may be the case, but here we have nothing more than 17 allegations of counsel, and we will not speculate that important witness testimony 18 was lost due to impaired memories caused by the delay. 15 1 {22} We therefore conclude that the arguments of counsel concerning Defendant’s 2 worry, anxiety, and the possibility that his defense could have been impaired failed 3 to establish the particularized showing of prejudice as required by Garza. Cf. Vigil4 Giron, 2014-NMCA-069, ¶¶ 51-53, 57 (citing the defendant’s testimony regarding 5 her increased anxiety, insomnia, and development of an autoimmune disease related 6 to the stress—which was supported by medical records—as well as her loss of 7 employment and inability to find employment as a result of the indictment, and actual 8 impairment to her defense due to the death of a witness). 9 E. 10 {23} Balancing Test As in Garza, “[t]he primary issue raised by the facts of [the] case is whether a 11 court can find a violation of a defendant’s speedy trial right without a particularized 12 showing of prejudice.” 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 38. In Garza, the Court noted that a 13 showing of actual prejudice may not always be possible and adopted the position of 14 the United States Supreme Court in Doggett, 505 U.S. 647, and many other lower 15 courts that a showing of particularized prejudice is not necessary in cases in which 16 the other Barker factors weigh heavily in the defendant’s favor and the defendant has 17 not acquiesced in the delay. Garza states: 18 19 20 We similarly hold [as in Doggett and many other lower courts] that generally a defendant must show particularized prejudice of the kind against which the speedy trial right is intended to protect. However, if 16 1 2 3 4 the length of delay and the reasons for the delay weigh heavily in [the] defendant’s favor and [the] defendant has asserted his right and not acquiesced to the delay, then the defendant need not show prejudice for a court to conclude that the defendant’s right has been violated. 5 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 39. 6 {24} This holding in Garza reiterates that we are engaged in balancing the Barker 7 factors, none of which is itself dispositive, to determine whether the constitutional 8 right to a speedy trial has been violated. See Cantu v. State, 253 S.W.3d 273, 280-81 9 (Tx. Crim. App. 2008) (“Thus, the greater the [s]tate’s bad faith or official negligence 10 and the longer its actions delay a trial, the less [a] defendant must show actual 11 prejudice or prove diligence in asserting his right to a speedy trial.”); State v. Farrell, 12 727 A.2d 501, 518 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 1999) (“As a matter of logic and 13 decency, given that the four factors of Barker call for a balancing of considerations, 14 when the delay in concluding a trial is excessively long by any measure, as here, the 15 burden upon a defendant to satisfy the other factors is correspondingly diminished.”). 16 {25} The length of the delay here was excessively long. All parties agree that this 17 is a simple case, and almost two years elapsed from Defendant’s arrest on January 25, 18 2010, to the trial setting of January 11, 2012. This is twice the amount of time to 19 presume prejudice in a simple case. The State is responsible for 463 days of this 17 1 delay, and because the delay resulted from the State’s inexcusable neglect and 2 complete lack of diligence in seeking a trial setting, the period of delay weighs 3 heavily against the State. Defendant adequately asserted his right to a speedy trial, 4 and in moving to vacate the initial trial setting, Defendant did not permanently waive 5 or abandon that right. We therefore hold that notwithstanding Defendant’s failure to 6 make a particularized showing of prejudice resulting from the delay, he is entitled to 7 relief. See Farrell, 727 A.2d at 518 (concluding that because the delay was far 8 beyond what was reasonable, and the reasons for the delay were the prosecutions 9 “clear inattention to its responsibilities” together with the court’s failure to prepare 10 itself to try the matter, no showing of prejudice was required for the defendant to 11 succeed on his argument that he was denied his adequately asserted right to a speedy 12 trial). We therefore affirm. 13 CONCLUSION 14 {26} The order of the district court dismissing this case on speedy trial grounds is 15 affirmed. 16 {27} IT IS SO ORDERED. 17 18 ______________________________ MICHAEL E. VIGIL, Judge 18 1 WE CONCUR: 2 ___________________________________ 3 MICHAEL D. BUSTAMANTE, Judge 4 ___________________________________ 5 J. MILES HANISEE, Judge 19
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