State v. Sanders
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This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. Please see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does not include the filing date. 1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO 2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO, 3 Plaintiff-Appellee, 4 v. NO. 30,671 5 PATRICK SANDERS, 6 Defendant-Appellant. 7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF LEA COUNTY 8 William G. W. Shoobridge, District Judge 9 10 11 12 Gary K. King, Attorney General Santa Fe, NM Ralph E. Trujillo, Assistant Attorney General Albuquerque, NM 13 for Appellee 14 Jacqueline L. Cooper, Chief Public Defender 15 Nina Lalevic, Assistant Appellate Defender 16 Santa Fe, NM 17 for Appellant 18 19 VANZI, Judge. MEMORANDUM OPINION 1 Defendant Patrick Sanders appeals his conviction for being a felon in 2 possession of a firearm in violation of NMSA 1978, Section 30-7-16 (A) (2001). This 3 case requires us to decide (1) whether the district court erred when it denied 4 Defendant s motion to suppress evidence as untimely based on Defendant s failure to 5 show good cause for the late filing of the motion, and (2) whether Defendant s 6 conviction was supported by sufficient evidence. We affirm. 7 BACKGROUND 8 On May 23, 2008, Defendant stopped to help a woman whose Chevy Cavalier 9 was broken down. After Defendant got her car started, the woman offered him a ride, 10 and he took it. The woman stopped at a store, went inside for a few minutes, and 11 returned with a Hispanic man. This man then drove the vehicle with Defendant and 12 the woman as passengers. Law enforcement stopped the vehicle, and when an officer 13 asked the Hispanic man to step out of the vehicle, the Hispanic man sped off. The 14 officers followed but abandoned their chase after a few minutes due to safety 15 concerns. A short time later, an officer located the vehicle, but the occupants were 16 gone. Officers searched the vehicle and discovered a Mossberg 12-gauge pistol-grip 17 shotgun in the trunk. 18 After police officers found the vehicle in which Defendant had been a 19 passenger, they spoke with a witness who reported that he saw the Hispanic man and 2 1 Defendant run through his yard and that the Hispanic man was pointing a handgun at 2 Defendant. Officers then located Defendant and detained him. Detective Coburn 3 interviewed Defendant who told the detective that he did not know the other occupants 4 of the vehicle and had not encountered them before stopping to help the woman get 5 the vehicle started. Detective Coburn asked Defendant if he knew about any guns, 6 and Defendant told him that the Hispanic man had pulled a gun on him and that 7 Defendant had pushed it away. Defendant told Detective Coburn that he did not know 8 about any other guns and specifically denied knowledge about the shotgun. 9 Detective Rodney Porter processed the shotgun for fingerprints and located one 10 clear print on the right breech of the shotgun and determined it was Defendant s 11 fingerprint. Detective Porter asked Detective Scott Keenan to verify that the 12 fingerprint on the shotgun matched Defendant s, and Detective Keenan agreed the 13 print matched. Defendant was charged with possession of a firearm by a felon. He 14 was arraigned on June 23, 2008, and on May 14, 2009, the district court entered an 15 order setting a motions deadline of June 22, 2009. The order explicitly stated that 16 failure to comply with [the] order may result in contempt of court or other remedial 17 proceedings. After several continuances, trial was scheduled in April 2010. The 18 district court held a pre-trial conference on April 8, 2010, and asked if the parties 19 anticipated bringing any motions prior to trial; both parties responded they did not. 3 1 On April 13, 2010, the morning of trial, defense counsel brought a motion to 2 suppress evidence of the shotgun and the fingerprint, alleging that the evidence was 3 obtained as the result of an unconstitutional traffic stop. Defense counsel had not filed 4 the motion with the court and did not send it to the State until sometime after eight 5 o clock the night before. As the reason for the late motion, defense counsel stated that 6 she had not seen the picture of the Cavalier until the weekend before trial, and that 7 upon seeing it, she realized the traffic stop may have been pretextual. 8 The district court heard defense counsel s argument on the motion before voir 9 dire of the jury panel began. The State responded that the motion was untimely. The 10 State also argued that Defendant failed to show good cause for the untimely filing of 11 the motion, and stated that the picture that defense counsel claimed not to have seen 12 until the previous weekend had been disclosed twenty-one months earlier. The State 13 asked that the district court require Defendant to file timely motions and stated that 14 because defense counsel did not provide the State with the transcript on which she 15 relied until the morning of trial, the State had not had time to review it or compare it 16 to the tapes. 17 The district court denied Defendant s motion to suppress on the grounds that 18 Defendant did not show good cause for the late filing of the motion. The district court 4 1 also made an alternative ruling on the merits and found that the stop was not 2 pretextual. Defendant s jury trial followed. 3 At trial, the videotape of Defendant s interview with Detective Coburn was 4 played for the jury. With regard to firearms, Detective Coburn testified that he 5 understood Defendant to be talking about a handgun when Defendant described the 6 type of gun that he pushed away and reiterated that Defendant denied any knowledge 7 of the shotgun. On the issue of fingerprints, Detective Porter testified that the only 8 way he knew that Defendant s fingerprint could have been put on the shotgun was for 9 Defendant s finger to have come in contact with the shotgun. He stated that because 10 a fingerprint cannot be dated, he could not say when Defendant s fingerprint came to 11 be on the shotgun. Detective Porter also testified that he could not tell under what 12 circumstances Defendant s fingerprint came to be on the shotgun. The jury found 13 Defendant guilty of being a felon in possession of a firearm, and this appeal timely 14 followed. 15 DISCUSSION 16 Defendant s Motion to Suppress 17 Defendant contends that the district court erred when it denied his motion to 18 suppress as untimely because, he asserts, a criminal defendant is not obligated to move 19 to suppress evidence prior to trial. Rule 5-212(C) NMRA governs the time for filing 5 1 motions to suppress and provides that [a] motion to suppress shall be made within 2 twenty (20) days after the entry of a plea, unless, upon good cause shown, the trial 3 court waives the time requirement. The rule gives the district court discretion to 4 waive the time requirement upon a showing of good cause; therefore we review the 5 district court s ruling for an abuse of discretion. Rule 5-212(C); see State v. 6 Smallwood, 2007-NMSC-005, ¶ 12, 141 N.M. 178, 152 P.3d 821 (noting that the 7 Court would review a district court s finding on whether a party had shown good 8 cause to waive a time requirement under another rule for abuse of discretion). 9 Here, defense counsel s only stated reason for the untimely filing of the motion 10 to suppress was that she did not see a picture that had been disclosed to her twenty11 one months earlier until the weekend before trial. Failing to review evidence until the 12 eve of trial does not constitute a showing of good cause when that evidence has long 13 been available and in defense counsel s possession. See, e.g., State v. Helker, 88 N.M. 14 650, 651-52, 545 P.2d 1028, 1029-30 (Ct. App. 1975) (affirming the denial of a 15 defendant s motion to examine witnesses to determine whether his confession was 16 voluntary as untimely when the defendant s attorney had knowledge of the confession 17 for several months prior to trial and did not file a motion to suppress within the time 18 limits imposed by our Rules of Criminal Procedure). We hold that the district court 19 did not abuse its discretion in denying Defendant s motion as untimely when defense 6 1 counsel failed to show good cause. State v. Rojo, 1999-NMSC-001, ¶ 41, 126 N.M. 2 438, 971 P.2d 829 ( An abuse of discretion occurs when the ruling is clearly against 3 the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances of the case. (internal quotation 4 marks and citation omitted)). 5 Defendant asserts that under the Rules of Criminal Procedure, a motion to 6 suppress evidence is not required to be made before trial and may be made at trial. 7 State v.Katrina G., 2008-NMCA-069, ¶ 17, 144 N.M. 205, 185 P.3d 376. While we 8 have articulated that as a general rule, our cases also recognize that time limits 9 imposed by our Rules of Criminal Procedure may serve as grounds for denying a 10 motion as untimely where the defendant fails to establish good cause for the untimely 11 filing. State v. Gutierrez, 2005-NMCA-015, ¶ 21, 136 N.M. 779, 105 P.3d 332; State 12 v. Vialpando, 93 N.M. 289, 293, 599 P.2d 1086, 1090 (Ct. App. 1979); see, e.g., 13 Katrina G., 2008-NMCA-069, ¶¶ 2, 21 (holding that the defendant s motion to 14 suppress was appropriately denied where it was filed two days before trial and an 15 evidentiary hearing was required). 16 Although Defendant relies on Gutierrez in support of his assertion, we observe 17 that Gutierrez actually supports the district court s ruling. In Gutierrez, we discussed 18 the timeliness of the defendant s motion to suppress evidence of an illegal search that 19 defense counsel made at trial. 2005-NMCA-015, ¶¶ 20-21. There, on the morning of 7 1 trial, defense counsel alerted the district court that he intended to make what he called 2 a motion to suppress in the middle of trial[.] Id. ¶ 20 (internal quotation marks 3 omitted). The state did not object to the timing of the motion. Id. We held that 4 although Rule 5-212 would have provided grounds to deny the motion, the state 5 waived its objection to the defendant s motion. Id. ¶¶ 20-21. Unlike Gutierrez, the 6 State in this case clearly objected to the untimeliness of Defendant s motion to 7 suppress and argued that defense counsel failed to show good cause for the late filing. 8 Accordingly, Gutierrez does not support Defendant s claim that the district court erred 9 in denying the motion as untimely. Since we hold that the district court did not abuse 10 its discretion when it denied Defendant s motion to suppress as untimely, we do not 11 reach the merits of Defendant s claim that the evidence against him was obtained as 12 the result of a pretextual traffic stop. See Helker, 88 N.M. at 652, 545 P.2d at 1030 13 (holding that the [R]ules of [C]riminal [P]rocedure can put a time limitation on the 14 exercise of a constitutionally protected right ). 15 Sufficiency of the Evidence 16 Defendant next claims that the evidence in the record was insufficient to 17 support his conviction for possession of a firearm by a felon. Because an appellate 18 tribunal does not enjoy the same exposure to the evidence and witnesses as the jury 19 at trial, our review for sufficiency of the evidence is deferential to the jury s findings. 8 1 State v. Garcia, 2011-NMSC-003, ¶ 5, 149 N.M. 185, 246 P.3d 1057. [W]e first 2 view the evidence in the light most favorable to the state, resolving all conflicts and 3 indulging all permissible inferences in favor of the verdict. State v. Gallegos, 20114 NMSC-027, ¶ 15, 149 N.M. 704, 254 P.3d 655 (alterations, internal quotation marks, 5 and citation omitted). Then we determine whether the evidence, when viewed in this 6 manner, could justify a finding by any rational trier of fact that each element of the 7 crime charged has been established beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. (emphasis, 8 alteration, internal quotation marks, and citation omitted). We are at all times 9 mindful of the jury s fundamental role as fact[]finder in our system of justice and the 10 independent responsibility of the courts to ensure that the jury s decisions are 11 supportable by evidence in the record, rather than mere guess or conjecture. Id. 12 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). 13 Our Legislature has made it unlawful for a felon to receive, transport, or 14 possess any firearm . . . in this state. Section 30-7-16(A). The offense is a 15 possessory crime imposing liability approaching strict liability for its transgression. 16 State v. Castrillo, 112 N.M. 766, 771, 819 P.2d 1324, 1329 (1991). At the close of 17 trial, the district court instructed the jury that in order to establish Defendant s guilt, 18 the State was required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that: 19 1. [D]efendant possessed a firearm; 9 1 2 3 4 5 2. 6 Possession was defined as follows: 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 3. [D]efendant, in the preceding ten years, was convicted and sentenced to one or more years imprisonment by a court of the United States or by a court of any state; This happened in New Mexico on or about the 23rd day of May, 2008. A person is in possession of a firearm when, on the occasion in question, he knows what it is, he knows it is on his person or in his presence and he exercises control over it. Even if the object is not in his physical presence, he is in possession if he knows what it is and where it is and he exercises control over it. A person s presence in the vicinity of the object or his knowledge of the existence or the location of the object is not, by itself, possession. 14 The district court also instructed the jury that in addition to the other elements of 15 possession of a firearm by a felon, the State had to prove beyond a reasonable doubt 16 that Defendant acted intentionally when he committed the crime. The strict liability 17 of the crime . . . makes a convicted defendant criminally liable the moment he takes 18 possession of a firearm. Id. 19 Here, there was evidence that the shotgun was found in the vehicle that 20 Defendant had worked on and in which he had been a passenger, that Defendant s 21 fingerprint was on the shotgun, and that Defendant had met both occupants of the 22 vehicle for the first time on May 23, 2008. We conclude that this evidence was 23 sufficient to support the jury s finding that Defendant possessed the shotgun on that 24 day. Defendant argues that there were alternative views of the evidence that could 10 1 give rise to the inference of his innocence. However, as Defendant recognizes, [t]he 2 relevant question is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to 3 the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of 4 the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Cunningham, 2000-NMSC-009, ¶ 26, 5 128 N.M. 711, 998 P.2d 176 (emphasis, internal quotation marks, and citation 6 omitted). We will not reweigh the evidence or substitute our judgment for that of the 7 jury. Garcia, 2011-NMSC-003, ¶ 5. We nevertheless address Defendant s arguments 8 below. 9 Defendant first argues that the evidence of his fingerprint on the gun was 10 insufficient because a fingerprint cannot be dated and, therefore, the State could not 11 prove that he touched the shotgun on or about May 23, 2008. However, Defendant 12 stated that he had not met the Hispanic man or the woman in the Cavalier until that 13 day, and he did not know them. The evidence that May 23, 2008, was the first time 14 Defendant had contact with the vehicle or its occupants supports the reasonable 15 inference that Defendant placed his fingerprint on the shotgun found in that vehicle 16 on that date and not on another day. 17 Defendant also contends that his fingerprint could have been placed on the 18 shotgun when the Hispanic man pulled a gun on Defendant and Defendant pushed it 19 away. Defendant presented this theory to the jury; however, the jury s guilty verdict 11 1 clearly indicates that it rejected Defendant s explanation of how his fingerprint came 2 to be on the shotgun. The jury s conclusion that the shotgun was not the firearm that 3 Defendant touched when he pushed it away is also supported by Detective Coburn s 4 testimony that he understood Defendant to be talking about a handgun when 5 describing the action of pushing away a gun. Because a rational jury could have 6 found beyond a reasonable doubt the essential facts required for a conviction, we will 7 not upset a jury s conclusions. Garcia, 2011-NMSC-003, ¶ 5 (emphasis, internal 8 quotation marks, and citation omitted). 9 CONCLUSION 10 We conclude that the district court did not err when it denied Defendant s 11 untimely motion to suppress, and we affirm Defendant s conviction under Section 3012 7-16(A). 13 IT IS SO ORDERED. 14 15 __________________________________ LINDA M. VANZI, Judge 16 WE CONCUR: 17 _________________________________ 18 CELIA FOY CASTILLO, Chief Judge 12 1 _________________________________ 2 RODERICK T. KENNEDY, Judge 13
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