N.G v. N.B.G
Annotate this CaseNOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
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SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-4796-18T1
N.G.,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
N.B.G.,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Submitted November 2, 2020 – Decided January 4, 2021
Before Judges Rothstadt and Susswein.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
Chancery Division, Family Part, Monmouth County,
Docket No. FM-13-0802-17.
Jay Turnbach, attorney for appellant.
Williams Law Group, LLC, attorneys for respondent
(Allison Williams, of counsel and on the brief; Victoria
D. Miranda, on the brief).
PER CURIAM
In this post-judgment dissolution (FM) action, defendant N.B.G.,1 the
former husband of plaintiff N.G. and father of the parties' two children, appeals
from portions of the Family Part's May 24, 2019 order that addressed the parties'
child support obligations. The order also denied defendant's request to allocate
to plaintiff the responsibility of paying amounts owed to a county Board of
Social Services (Board), which were established in a separate summary support
(FD) action. On appeal, defendant contends that the motion judge erred by
calculating plaintiff's child support without plaintiff's current case information
statement (CIS) or income information, by not compelling plaintiff to reimburse
defendant for amounts paid in satisfaction of the Board's claim, and by not
requiring plaintiff to pay his counsel fees for the entire litigation, including a
Title Nine2 (FN) action and the FD litigations in which the parties and the Board
were previously involved.
1
To protect privacy interests and for ease of reading, we use initials and
pseudonyms for the parties and the children. R. 1:38-3(d)(12).
2 N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.21 to -8.73. Title Nine is designed to protect children who
suffer "serious injury inflicted by other than accidental means." G.S. v. Dep't
of Hum. Servs., 157 N.J. 161, 171 (1999) (quoting N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.8). The
protection afforded by the act extends to children whose parent's actions create
a "substantial risk" of physical or emotional harm. Ibid. (quoting N.J.S.A. 9:6-
8.21).
A-4796-18T1
2
For the reasons that follow, we vacate and remand for recalculation of the
child support determinations, but otherwise affirm the motion judge's
conclusions substantially for the reason expressed in his May 24, 2019 written
decision.
The parties were married in 2001, and had two children, a daughter I.G.
(Irene), born in 2007, and a son, A.G. (Aaron), born in 2008. They separated in
2010 and were divorced in 2016.3 Evidently, their judgment of divorce (JOD)
awarded joint custody, designated plaintiff as parent of primary residence (PPR)
and required defendant to pay child support.
In 2017, the New Jersey Division of Child Protection and Permanency
(Division) filed an FN action against the parties that resulted in an order being
entered that removed the children from plaintiff's physical custody, granted the
Division custody, and placed them in resource homes. However, in August of
that year, the FN judge granted defendant physical custody of Aaron and did the
same as to Irene in September, but the FN action was not terminated at that time.
In June, defendant filed a motion in this FM action seeking to suspend his
child support obligation, which was denied without prejudice on June 26, 2017.
3
Neither party provided a copy of the judgment of divorce that was evidently
entered in December 2016.
A-4796-18T1
3
According to the parties, that motion judge denied relief because he thought
plaintiff's loss of physical custody was temporary. Because of that order,
Probation continued to collect child support on plaintiff's behalf from defendant
through a wage garnishment even though the children were not in plaintiff's
custody. It was not until October 25, 2017, that a judge entered an order in the
FM action terminating defendant's child support obligation to plaintiff.
Prior to the children being placed in defendant's custody, the Board
instituted separate FD actions against each party for child support to be paid
while the Division had custody.4 Orders for support were entered in each action,
requiring that payments be made through Probation. In January 2018, after
defendant had custody of the children, the Board obtained an order in its FD
action with defendant fixing the amount of defendant's support arrears as $5075
and directing that he pay them at a weekly rate of five dollars. That order made
no mention of plaintiff who was not a party to that action.
4
The records of the two FD actions were also not provided to us, except for a
copy of the January 2018 order.
A-4796-18T1
4
Afterward, defendant filed a motion in the FN action to address child
support and to allocate costs incurred by the Division for which the parties were
responsible. Evidently, the FN judge denied the motion.5
From the time defendant obtained physical custody in 2017 to December
2018, there were several orders entered under the FN docket that altered the
parenting time between the parties. One order, which was entered on October
24, 2018, granted plaintiff parenting time on alternate weekends. A December
18, 2018 order granted the parties equal parenting time, but designated
defendant as PPR. That order also terminated the FN litigation. On the same
day, there was a separate order entered in this FM action that continued the
shared parenting time arrangement and defendant's designation as PPR. The
order did not address child support.
On March 21, 2019, defendant filed a motion in this action seeking various
relief that included a request to retroactively establish plaintiff's child support
obligation6 "from April 7, 2017 forward, both during the period [plaintiff] ha[d]
5
We have also not been provided with a copy of the judge's order relating to
this motion.
6
"Under N.J.S.A. 2A:17-56.23(a), a court may retroactively establish or
increase one's child support obligation back to at least the filing date of the
application, or forty-five days earlier upon service of advance written notice."
A-4796-18T1
5
no overnight parenting time, and from the institution of the joint physical
custody order dated December 18, 2018, going forward." The motion also
sought the "[a]llocating [of] a cha[r]ge by the . . . Board . . . to [p]laintiff in an
underlying FN matter." The notice of motion did not include a request for an
award of counsel fees.
In his supporting certification, defendant claimed that after April 7, 2017,
Probation collected $5827 in child support from him, "despite the fact that
[plaintiff] did not have custody of the children." He certified that Probation held
those funds for a time, but on January 1, 2018, it released them to plaintiff. His
assertions were not supported by copies of any records. Defendant sought an
order directing plaintiff to pay him the lump sum child support payment she
received in January 2018 from Probation. Further, he sought payment of child
Cameron v. Cameron, 440 N.J. Super. 158, 166 (Ch. Div. 2014). And, as to
establishing or increasing support, "the anti-retroactivity provisions of N.J.S.A.
2A:17-56.23, may not necessarily apply, and a court may in some instances
retroactively increase support to a date earlier than the filing date of the mot ion
or forty-five day written notice." Id. at 166 fn. 2 (citing Keegan v. Keegan, 326 N.J. Super. 289, 294-95 (App. Div. 1999)). "This court has concluded that
'[n]othing in the legislative history suggests that the law was enacted to protect
'parents' from retroactive modifications increasing support obligations where
equitable.'" J.S. v. L.S., 389 N.J. Super. 200, 206 (App. Div. 2006) (quoting
Keegan, 326 N.J. Super. at 294).
A-4796-18T1
6
support from plaintiff for the period October 25, 2017 to December 18, 2018,
when the children were primarily in his custody.
Defendant's certification also addressed the January 18, 2018 FD order
that required him to pay $5075 to the Board for arrears "on account of the
[Division] placement." He explained "[s]ince that placement had ended well
before January 2018, the $5075 was a fixed arrearage at the time the order was
entered, and a probation account was created."
According to defendant, soon after that FD order was entered, he was
required to sell a real estate he owned in order to fulfill his obligations to
plaintiff under the JOD. By selling the real estate, he was compelled to pay the
balance owed to the Board as it held a lien on the property for the arrears fixed
by the January 18, 2018 FD order. As defendant explained, because he did not
have the cash to satisfy the lien, his buyers paid the amount owed to have the
lien discharged in exchange for his delivery of a promissory note in the amount
they paid. He also asked the court to "direct [plaintiff to] be responsible for,
and repay [him]," the amount of the Board's lien of $5075 which sum covered
the costs for "the institutionalization of [their] children and their placement in
foster care."
A-4796-18T1
7
Defendant attached his current tax return and CIS to the motion, but
because he did not possess any financial information about plaintiff, he did not
provide plaintiff's financial information or a proposed child support guideline
calculation. He stated that plaintiff "ha[d] historically been a high[-]income
earner, earning to [his] knowledge in excess of $200,000.00 annually and has
the present ability to pay [defendant's] counsel fees." The counsel fees sought
by defendant related to all litigation dating back to the Division becoming
involved with the family in 2016 and covering the FN, FD, and FM matters.
In response to defendant's motion, plaintiff filed a cross-motion seeking
the denial of plaintiff's motion and an award to her of counsel fees and costs. In
her supporting certification, she stated that on December 7, 2017, Probation
deposited $3847 into her account, not the $5827 described in defendant's
motion. She further explained she bore the costs of the children's FN court-
ordered expenses for therapy alone because defendant refused to contribute, and
that she paid "for the vast majority of [their] children's expenses and continue[s]
to do so." She also disclosed that she recently lost her employment. Plaintiff
argued that defendant's request for retroactive child support had no basis in the
law under N.J.S.A. 2A:17-56.23(a).
A-4796-18T1
8
As to the Board's lien, plaintiff claimed she should not be solely
responsible for the fees incurred as a result of the children being placed in the
resource home. She explained they were each ordered to pay the same amount
and she had already paid her share. However, plaintiff did not attach any proof
of any payment or an order requiring her to pay. She also did not provide a CIS
or copies of her tax returns.
Defendant filed a reply certification challenging plaintiff's allegedly
"baseless allegations" against him and contending that because of plaintiff he
was forced to engage in litigation in the FN action to preserve his relationship
with his children. Defendant detailed the therapy the children went through, and
explained they were "institutionalized" without his knowledge or consent due to
baseless allegations plaintiff had made against him. Defendant also stated that
plaintiff, by her cross-motion, was "wasting [his] time and the [judge's] time by
not filing a [CIS]," and that she was a high-income earner with ability to pay
child support and counsel fees.
On May 24, 2019, after considering the parties' oral arguments, the motion
judge entered an order granting defendant's motion in part, together with a
written decision. In his written decision, the judge explained that he was able
to confirm from Probation's records that in December 2017 Probation released
A-4796-18T1
9
the sum of $3847 but there was no "express indication" that this money was paid
to plaintiff, and he lacked sufficient information to account for the payment.
Specifically, the judge did not know if the money was distributed to plaintiff, to
another account, or if the posting was a mistake made by the Probation. For that
reason, the judge denied defendant's motion in this regard and instead ordered
Probation to perform an audit of the account and provide defendant with "all
information regarding any deposits and/or distributions on the account,
including the source of the deposit and the recipient of any distribution, from
September 2017 through present."
The judge granted defendant's motion for child support for the time he had
physical custody of the children. In calculating the support amounts, the judge
used defendants' tax returns, CIS, and other financial information supplied by
defendant. The judge did not have plaintiff's CIS or income information, and
instead relied upon the child support guidelines that were used in the separate
FD matter between plaintiff and the Board.
Applying that financial information to the various custody arrangements
that existed once defendant had custody, the judge calculated specific support
amounts for each period that were based upon the amount of parenting time
plaintiff was allowed by court order. The last child support order entered
A-4796-18T1
10
required plaintiff to pay eight dollars per week from December 1, 2018 when
the parties began a shared custody arrangement, and he directed Probation to
make all the necessary adjustments to the parties' account to reflect the changes.
The judge denied defendant's motion for the judge to allocate the
Division's lien amount to plaintiff because he did not have jurisdiction.
According to the judge, although "arrears accrued on [defendant's] account
while the children were in defendant's custody," any issue had to be addressed
in the FD action between defendant and the Board, not the FM action, especially
since the Board was not a party to the latter, and that "[t]he same is true for any
request for compensation regarding the lien that resulted from that support
obligation." The judge explained that plaintiff was not responsible for any
"aspect of those arrears nor reimbursing [defendant] for same."
Finally, as to counsel fees, the judge's order did not include a provision
granting or denying them. However, in his written decision, the judge stated
that he was denying requests for counsel fees as to both parties in this and the
FD and FN matters. The judge explained he could "only address a request for
fees pertaining to this application; [he could not] grant [defendant] counsel fees
for matters beyond that limited scope." As to counsel fees for the motion, the
judge considered the factors enumerated in Rule 5:3-5(c), and upon balancing
A-4796-18T1
11
them, held that both parties would be responsible for their own counsel fees,
especially since neither acted in bad faith. This appeal followed.
We begin our review with defendant's challenge to the motion judge's
determination of support without requiring plaintiff to file a current CIS as
required by Rule 5:5-2(a) and Rule 5:5-4, and instead relying upon information
used in another proceeding between plaintiff and the Board. Contrary to
plaintiff's argument before us, as noted above, defendant did raise plaintiff's
missing financial information in his reply certification when plaintiff's
opposition did not include any financial information.
At the outset, we acknowledge the award of child support is committed to
the sound discretion of the trial court and the award will not be disturbed on
appeal "unless it is manifestly unreasonable, arbitrary, or clearly contrary to
reason or to other evidence, or the result of whim or caprice." Jacoby v. Jacoby,
427 N.J. Super. 109, 116 (App. Div. 2012) (quoting Foust v. Glaser, 340 N.J.
Super. 312, 315-16 (App. Div. 2001)).
Applying that standard, we conclude that although the motion judge's
actions seem to have been an attempt to reach a practical solution to bringing
this matter to closure, his failure to follow the Rules was a mistaken abuse of
discretion. Not only did the judge's methodology deprive defendant from an
A-4796-18T1
12
opportunity to challenge plaintiff's proofs as to her income and expenses because
he was not a party to the FD action that established plaintiff's support obligation
to the Board, but it also may have deprived the children of a "fair[] . . . child
support award[, which] is dependent on the accurate assessment of a parent's net
income." Caplan v. Caplan, 182 N.J. 250, 264 (2005) (quoting Pressler, Child
Support Guidelines, Current N.J. Court Rules, Appendix IX–A to R. 5:6A
(2005)).
We therefore direct that on remand the motion judge require the parties to
submit current and past financial information, including CISs, relative to the
appropriate time periods, and that each side be given an opportunity to respond
to the submissions before the judge calculates the correct child support owed by
plaintiff to defendant, if any.7
As to defendant's remaining arguments about the motion judge's refusal
to address the amounts defendant was required by court order to pay to the Board
that led to the establishment of a lien, and as to the denial of counsel fees, we
7
As plaintiff has already conceded that she received $3847 from Probation, if,
at that time, Probation has supplied the missing information demonstrating what
other amounts were released to plaintiff for child support from defendant when
child support was owed from her to defendant, that amount, if any, should be
ordered repaid by plaintiff in an appropriate manner as determined by the motion
judge, unless the judge determines such funds should not be repaid.
A-4796-18T1
13
conclude his contentions are without sufficient merit to warrant discussion in a
written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E). We affirm substantially for the reasons
expressed by the motion judge. We only reiterate, as the motion judge observed,
that no matter who was responsible for the institution of the FN matter that led
to the support orders in the FD matters, both parties remained obligated to
support their children during that action regardless of whose custody they were
placed by the court. Lynn v. Lynn, 165 N.J. Super. 328, 343 (App. Div. 1979);
Child Support Guidelines, Pressler & Verniero, Current N.J. Court Rules,
Appendix IX-A to R. 5:6A, www.gannlaw.com (2020) ("When a child has been
placed in out-of-home care by . . . the [Division], on application or motion made
at the request of the [Division] as to one or both parents, the court may order the
parent(s) to pay their income shares of the sole-parenting award to that
agency.").
Also, as to counsel fees, because the order under appeal did not reflect the
denial of same as stated in the motion judge's written decision, we direct that on
remand the order be amended to reflect the judge's decision.
Affirmed in part; vacated and remanded in part for further proceedings
consistent with our opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction.
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