GEICO v. NEW HAMPSHIRE INSURANCE COMPANY
Annotate this CaseNOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-1227-20
GEICO,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
INSURANCE COMPANY,
Defendant-Respondent.
__________________________
Argued November 15, 2021 – Decided December 1, 2021
Before Judges Fasciale and Sumners.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
Division, Essex County, Docket No. L-6432-20.
William Hahn argued the cause for appellant (Tango,
Dickinson, Lorenzo, McDermott & McGee, LLP,
attorneys; William Hahn, on the briefs).
Walter F. Kawalec, III, argued the cause for respondent
(Marshall Dennehey Warner Coleman & Goggin,
attorneys; Sara W. Mazzolla and Walter F. Kawalec,
III, on the brief).
PER CURIAM
In this personal injury protection (PIP) reimbursement/subrogation action,
plaintiff (PIP carrier) appeals from a December 23, 2020 order denying its
application to confirm four arbitration awards totaling $48,397.71, and granting
defendant's (commercial carrier) cross-motion to vacate the awards and dismiss
the complaint with prejudice. 1 PIP carrier asserts that because commercial
carrier—the aggrieved party—did not file a summary action, the commercial
carrier's motion to vacate was procedurally deficient. PIP carrier also asserts
that the motion was untimely. Finally, PIP carrier maintains that the judge had
no basis or discretion to vacate the award. We reject PIP carrier's contentions
and affirm.
There are two actions. The first action pertains to a car accident (the
underlying action). The second pertains to PIP carrier's PIP
reimbursement/subrogation claim (this action).
The underlying action concerned an accident involving a tortfeasor and
four injured persons. The injured persons filed lawsuits against the tortfeasor
and the tortfeasor's employer. The underlying action settled.
The commercial carrier, which insured the tortfeasor, had issued a
$35,000 combined single limit insurance policy. As part of that settlement, the
1
The order is dated December 9, 2020, but was filed on December 23, 2020.
A-1227-20
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tortfeasor deposited $35,000 from the proceeds of the insurance policy into
court. That payment was intended to compensate the injured persons for the
injuries they sustained in the car accident. The injured persons, as part of the
settlement, released commercial carrier of further obligations.
Meanwhile, the PIP carrier paid the injured parties PIP benefits, which led
to this action. After payment of those PIP benefits, the PIP carrier filed for
arbitration seeking reimbursement/subrogation against the commercial carrier.
It did so purportedly under a PIP arbitration agreement signed by both carriers.
According to the agreement, no company was required, without consent, to
arbitrate any claim or suit if it would be in excess of its policy limits.
Athens Program Services, Inc. (Athens) acted as third-party
administrators for commercial carrier and filed answers to PIP carrier's
arbitration claims. Michael Foster was the administrator handling the matter for
Athens.2 The answers stated that the exposures from the injuries were over the
commercial carrier's policy limits, and that PIP carrier's claims would exceed
those limits. PIP carrier maintains that there was no evidence presented to the
arbitrator that commercial carrier's policy was exhausted.
2 As of June 2019, Foster no longer worked for Athens.
A-1227-20
3
On March 4, 2020, the arbitrator entered four awards, totaling $48,397.71,
in favor of PIP carrier. Foster was still listed as the point of contact, desp ite no
longer working for Athens. On September 28, 2020, PIP carrier filed an order
to show cause with a verified complaint seeking to confirm the arbitration
awards and enter them as a judgment in the Law Division. Commercial carrier
filed an answer and cross-motion to vacate the arbitration awards.
On December 9, 2020, the Law Division judge held a hearing addressing
the motion to confirm and cross-motion to dismiss and vacate the awards. The
judge granted commercial carrier's cross-motion to dismiss and vacate the
awards.
On appeal, PIP carrier asserts primarily that the judge was without
authority to vacate the awards under N.J.S.A. 2A:23B-23. PIP carrier also
contends that commercial carrier's motion was improperly presented and
untimely filed.
I.
"[T]he scope of review of an arbitration award is narrow. Otherwise, the
purpose of the arbitration contract, which is to provide an effective, expedient,
and fair resolution of disputes, would be severely undermined." Minkowitz v.
Israeli, 433 N.J. Super. 111, 136 (App. Div. 2013) (quoting Fawzy v. Fawzy,
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199 N.J. 456, 470 (2009)). The decision to vacate or confirm an arbitration
award is a matter of law; this court reviews the denial or grant of an application
to vacate or confirm an arbitration award de novo. Ibid. (citing Manger v.
Manger, 417 N.J. Super 370, 376 (App. Div. 2010)).
A.
First, PIP Carrier asserts commercial carrier's motion was procedurally
deficient. Specifically, that the motion was improperly presented to the court
and untimely. We reject these contentions because they are without support
under the New Jersey Arbitration Act.
The New Jersey Arbitration Act allows for a summary action under Rule
4:67-1 and Rule 4:67-2 to confirm an arbitration award. N.J.S.A. 2A:23B-22
states:
After a party to an arbitration proceeding receives
notice of an award, the party may file a summary action
with the court for an order confirming the award, at
which time the court shall issue a confirming order
unless the award is . . . vacated pursuant to section 23
of this act.
And N.J.S.A. 2A:23B-23(a) provides that the judge may vacate an
arbitration award where:
(1) the award was procured by corruption, fraud,
or other undue means;
A-1227-20
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(2) the court finds evident partiality by an
arbitrator; corruption by an arbitrator; or
misconduct by an arbitrator prejudicing the rights
of a party to the arbitration proceeding;
(3) an arbitrator refused to postpone the hearing
upon showing of sufficient cause for
postponement, refused to consider evidence
material to the controversy, or otherwise
conducted the hearing contrary to section 15 of
this act, so as to substantially prejudice the rights
of a party to the arbitration proceeding;
(4) an arbitrator exceeded the arbitrator's
powers;
(5) there was no agreement to arbitrate, unless the
person participated in the arbitration proceeding
without raising the objection pursuant to
subsection c. of section 15 of [N.J.S.A. 2A:23B]
no later than the beginning of the arbitration
hearing . . . .
As to the timing, N.J.S.A. 2A:23B-23(b) provides:
A summary action pursuant to this section shall be filed
within 120 days after the aggrieved party receives
notice of the award pursuant to section 19 of this act or
within 120 days after the aggrieved party receives
notice of a modified or corrected award pursuant to
section 20 of this act, unless the aggrieved party alleges
that the award was procured by corruption, fraud, or
other undue means, in which case the summary action
shall be commenced within 120 days after the ground
is known or by the exercise of reasonable care would
have been known by the aggrieved party.
A-1227-20
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The arbitrator entered the four awards in favor of PIP carrier on March 4,
2020. PIP carrier filed its verified complaint and order to show cause on
September 28, 2020. Commercial carrier received notice of the complaint and
order to show cause on October 15, 2020. Commercial carrier filed an answer
and cross-motion to vacate the arbitration awards on October 30, 2020.
PIP carrier asserts that commercial carrier's cross-motion was
procedurally deficient because it needed to file a separate summary action for a
motion to vacate 120 days after the initial arbitration award. We disagree for
two reasons. First, the provision of N.J.S.A. 2A:23B-23(b) on which PIP carrier
relies only applies when the aggrieved party files the summary action. Second,
regardless of when commercial carrier received notice of the arbitration awards,
commercial carrier was not barred from asserting its opposition to PIP carrier's
motion to confirm.
The parties dispute when commercial carrier received notice of the
arbitration awards. Foster was the point of contact listed for the arbitration
awards, and his involvement ceased when he left employment at Athens. But
the record is bereft of evidence showing commercial carrier knew about the
awards until PIP carrier's motion to confirm the awards. And regardless of when
commercial carrier received notice, it was entitled to oppose PIP carrier's motion
A-1227-20
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to confirm the awards. We nevertheless conclude commercial carrier's motion
to vacate was not untimely.
B.
We now address the substance of PIP carrier's primary argument. PIP
carrier asserts that there was no basis to vacate the award because there was no
evidence presented to the arbitrator at the time of the hearings that commercial
carrier's policy was exhausted. We disagree.
A judge may vacate an award made in the arbitration proceeding if the
"arbitrator exceeded the arbitrator's powers . . . [or] there was no agreement to
arbitrate, unless the person participated in the arbitration proceeding without
raising the objection pursuant to subsection c. of section 15 of [N.J.S.A. 2A23B]
no later than the beginning of the arbitration hearing." N.J.S.A. 2A:23B- -
23(a)(4)-(5). The scope of arbitration, and the arbitrator's authority, "depends
on the terms of the contract between the parties." Scotch Plains-Fanwood Bd.
of Educ. v. Scotch Plains-Fanwood Educ. Ass'n, 139 N.J. 141, 149 (1995). "Any
action taken beyond that authority is impeachable and may be vacated on
statutory grounds." Ibid. And "an arbitrator exceeds his or her 'authority by
disregarding the terms of the parties' agreement.'" Borough of E. Rutherford v.
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E. Rutherford PBA Local 275, 213 N.J. 190, 203 (2013) (quoting N.J. Off. of
Emp. Relations v. Commc'n Workers of Am., 154 N.J. 98, 112 (1998)).
N.J.S.A. 39:6A-9.1(b) states:
In the case of an accident occurring in this State
involving an insured tortfeasor, the determination as to
whether an insurer, health maintenance organization or
governmental agency is legally entitled to recover the
amount of payments and the amount of recovery,
including the costs of processing benefit claims and
enforcing rights granted under this section, shall be
made against the insurer of the tortfeasor, and shall be
by agreement of the involved parties or, upon failing to
agree, by arbitration. Any recovery by an insurer,
health maintenance organization or governmental
agency pursuant to this subsection shall be subject to
any claim against the insured tortfeasor's insurer by the
injured party and shall be paid only after satisfaction of
that claim, up to the limits of the insured tortfeasor's
motor vehicle or other liability insurance policy.
The PIP agreement, signed by both parties, provided that "[n]o company
shall be required, without its written consent, to arbitrate any claim or suit if . . .
(d) any payment which such signatory company may be required to make under
this [a]greement is or may be in excess of its policy limits." The arbitration
forum's reference guide also provides that the "arbitration lacks jurisdictio n
when an award will exceed a member's policy limits." The applicable policy
limit here was $35,000 for any claim for bodily injury in one action. The parties
in the underlying car accident settled the cases after a settlement conference.
A-1227-20
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The tortfeasor paid into court the amount owed to the parties with the proceeds
of the commercial carrier's policy, which exhausted its applicable policy limit.
PIP carrier asserts that because there was no evidence presented to the
arbitrator at the time of the hearings that commercial carrier's policy was
exhausted, the arbitrator did not exceed the scope of its power in issuing the
awards. This ignores the settlement agreement, the arbitration agreement
between the parties, and caselaw.
PIP reimbursement from an insured tortfeasor is limited to a claim against
the tortfeasor's insurer. Payment after the insured's bodily injury claim has been
resolved can be made up to the insurer's available limits and may not be
recovered from the insured tortfeasor's personal assets. N.J.S.A. 39:6A-9.1(b).
Here, the tortfeasor settled with the injured parties with proceeds from the
commercial carrier's policy, exhausting the policy. And the PIP agreement,
signed by both parties, provided that no party could arbitrate if payment
exceeded its policy limits. Finally, this is consistent this court's conclusion that
the PIP reimbursement statute "does not require the commercial tortfeasor's
carrier to reimburse the PIP carrier after exhaustion of the liability policy limi ts
where there is no excess policy." IFA Ins. Co. v. Waitt, 270 N.J. Super. 621,
626 (App. Div. 1994). Thus, the arbitrator exceeded his authority by issuing
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arbitration awards in excess of the policy agreement and did so without
jurisdiction. See N.J.S.A. 2A:23B-23(a)(4)-(5); see also E. Rutherford PBA
Local 275, 213 N.J. at 203.
To the extent we have not addressed PIP carrier's remaining contentions,
we conclude that they are without sufficient merit to warrant attention in a
written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).
Affirmed.
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