MARION JACOBS v. NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS
Annotate this CaseNOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-3264-18T2
MARION JACOBS,
Appellant,
v.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT
OF CORRECTIONS,
Respondent.
___________________________
Submitted March 30, 2020 – Decided April 22, 2020
Before Judges Ostrer and Vernoia.
On appeal from the New Jersey Department of
Corrections.
Marion Jacobs, appellant pro se.
Gurbir S. Grewal, Attorney General, attorney for
respondent (Jane C. Schuster, Assistant Attorney
General, of counsel; Beonica McClanahan, Deputy
Attorney General, on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Appellant Marion Jacobs is incarcerated in New Jersey State Prison, and
he appeals from a New Jersey Department of Corrections (DOC) final agency
decision finding he committed prohibited act *.002, assaulting another person,
N.J.A.C. 10A:4-4.1(a)(1)(ii); and imposing the following sanctions: 181 days
administrative segregation, 180 days loss of commutation time, and 30 days loss
of phone privileges. We affirm.
On February 2, 2019, another inmate at the prison was assigned to clean
Jacobs's cell. Dissatisfied with the manner in which the inmate was cleaning his
cell, Jacobs punched and bit the inmate. A corrections officer inquired about
the blood he observed on the inmate's shirt, and the inmate reported Jacobs
assaulted him. The inmate had a cut above his left eye, a bite mark on his chest,
and scratches on his arms and back.
Officers searched Jacobs's cell and spoke with Jacobs. They observed
blood on Jacobs's shirt, but he did not exhibit or complain of any injuries. Jacobs
did not report to the officers or medical staff that the inmate struck him.
The same day, Jacobs was charged with prohibited act *.004, fighting with
another person, N.J.A.C. 10A:4-4.1(a)(2)(ii). Jacobs pleaded not guilty and was
assigned a counsel substitute. A corrections officer obtained a video recording
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of the area outside Jacobs's cell at the time of the incident, and Jacobs reviewed
the recording prior to his hearing on the charge.
The hearing officer considered the video recording, Jacobs's testimony,
the inmate's written statement, and the officers' and medical staff's reports.
Jacobs testified he acted in self-defense. He claimed the inmate "popped [him]
in the face" and "put [him] in a bear hug," and, in response, he punched and bit
the inmate.
The hearing officer found the inmate's version of the incident credible and
Jacobs's testimony inconsistent with the video recording and other evidence.
The hearing officer determined there was no credible evidence showing Jacobs
and the inmate fought and found Jacobs's guilty of an amended charge of
committing prohibited act *.002, assaulting another person. The hearing officer
recommended sanctions including administrative segregation, loss of
commutation time, and loss of phone privileges. Jacobs administratively
appealed.
A DOC Associate Administrator determined the hearing officer's findings
were "based on substantial evidence and the sanction was proportionate in view
of [Jacobs's] prior disciplinary history," and upheld the hearing officer's
decision. This appeal followed.
A-3264-18T2
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Jacobs presents the following arguments for our consideration:
POINT I
THE DECISION OF THE PRISON
ADMINISTRATOR WAS NOT ADEQUATELY
SUPPORTED BY SUBSTANTIAL CREDIBLE
EVIDENCE IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD.
THE DECISION WAS AT ODDS WITH THE
AUTHOR OF THE CHARGE AND THE
APPELLANT'S SELF-DEFENSE ARGUMENT IN
VIOLATION OF THE APPELLANT'S RIGHT TO
DUE PROCESS.
POINT II
THE HEARING OFFICER FAILED TO CONDUCT
THE DISCIPLINARY HEARING IN ACCORDANCE
WITH TITLE 10A, AND THEREBY VIOLATED
[APPELLANT'S] RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS.
POINT III
THE APPELLANT SUBMITS THAT THE
DISCIPLINARY HEARING OFFICER AND THE
ADMINISTRATOR FAILED TO ADEQUATELY
REVIEW OR CONSIDER THE RECORD IN
DISMISSING APPELLANT'S PLEA FOR
LENIENCY.
POINT IV
THE HEARING WAS HELD IN VIOLATION OF
NUMEROUS CODES OF TITLE 10A WHICH
GOVERNS THE DISCIPLINARY PROCESS.
A-3264-18T2
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Our review of agency determinations is limited. See In re Stallworth, 208 N.J. 182, 194 (2011); Brady v. Bd. of Review, 152 N.J. 197, 210 (1997);
Figueroa v. N.J. Dep't of Corr., 414 N.J. Super. 186, 190 (App. Div. 2010). We
will not reverse an administrative agency's decision unless it is "arbitrary,
capricious, or unreasonable, or [] not supported by substantial credible evidence
in the record as a whole." Stallworth, 208 N.J. at 194 (citation omitted); accord
Jenkins v. N.J. Dep't of Corr., 412 N.J. Super. 243, 259 (App. Div. 2010). In
determining whether an agency action is arbitrary, capricious, or unreasonable,
we consider: (1) whether the agency followed the law; (2) whether substantial
evidence supports the findings; and (3) whether the agency "clearly erred" in
applying the "legislative policies to the facts." In re Carter, 191 N.J. 474, 482-
83 (2007) (quoting Mazza v. Bd. of Trs., 143 N.J. 22, 25 (1995)).
Although we afford deference to an administrative agency's
determination, our review is not perfunctory and "our function is not to merely
rubberstamp an agency's decision." Figueroa, 414 N.J. Super. at 191. We must
"engage in a 'careful and principled consideration of the agency record and
findings.'" Williams v. Dep't of Corr., 330 N.J. Super. 197, 204 (App. Div.
2000) (quoting Mayflower Sec. Co. v. Bureau of Sec., 64 N.J. 85, 93 (1973)).
A-3264-18T2
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We carefully reviewed the record and find Jacobs's arguments are without
sufficient merit to warrant further discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-
3(e)(1)(D) and (E). We note only there is substantial credible evidence
supporting the DOC's determination Jacobs assaulted the inmate and did not act
in self-defense. The hearing officer considered all the evidence presented and
determined the inmate's version of the events was credible and Jacobs's version
was not. We owe particular deference to the agency's credibility determinations,
where its hearing officer had the opportunity to observe the inmate's testimony.
See State v. Locurto, 157 N.J. 463, 470-74 (1999). We therefore find no basis
to reject the hearing officer's factual finding Jacobs assaulted the inmate.
We also reject Jacobs's assertion the DOC did not consider the evidence
he claims established he acted in self-defense under N.J.A.C. 10A:4-9.13(f).
The regulation requires an inmate who "raise[s] self-defense to a prohibited act
involving the use of force among inmates" present evidence establishing six
specified conditions.1 Jacobs's argument fails because, as noted, the evidence
1
In pertinent part, N.J.A.C. 10A:4-9.13(f) provides:
[An] inmate claiming self-defense shall be responsible for
presenting supporting evidence that shall include each of the
following conditions:
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and testimony he presented in support of his self-defense claim was deemed not
credible.
Affirmed.
1. The inmate was not the initial aggressor;
2. The inmate did not provoke the attacker;
3. The use of force was not by mutual agreement;
4. The use of force was used to defend against personal harm, not
to defend property or honor;
5. The inmate had no reasonable opportunity or alternative to avoid
the use of force, such as, by retreat or alerting correctional facility
staff; and
6. Whether the force used by the inmate to respond to the attacker
was reasonably necessary for self-defense and did not exceed the
amount of force used against the inmate.
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