STATE OF NEW JERSEY v. S.P

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SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-0273-18T4

STATE OF NEW JERSEY,

Plaintiff-Respondent,

S.P.,

Defendant-Appellant.
_____________________________

Submitted December 19, 2019 – Decided February 11, 2020

Before Judges Nugent and DeAlmeida.

On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
Division, Hudson County, Indictment No. 09-08-1483.

Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for
appellant (Amira Rahman Scurato, Designated
Counsel, on the brief).

Esther Suarez, Hudson County Prosecutor, attorney for
respondent (Stephanie Davis Elson, Assistant
Prosecutor, on the brief).

PER CURIAM
Defendant, S.P., appeals from an order that denied his third petition for

post-conviction relief (PCR). He argues the following points:

POINT I

THE PCR COURT ERRED IN NOT HOLDING AN
EVIDENTIARY HEARING AND IN FINDING THAT
THE FAILURE TO CALL TWO SPECIFIC
WITNESSES WAS NOT INEFFECTIVE
ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL.

A. The PCR Court Erred in Denying an
Evidentiary Hearing on This PCR Petition
When Defendant Himself Brought Forth
Evidence that PCR Counsel Assigned to
His First PCR Failed to Investigate.

B. Trial Counsel was Clearly
Ineffective for Failing to Interview and
Present Two Specific Witnesses.

For the reasons that follow, we affirm.

A jury convicted defendant of two counts each of first-degree aggravated

sexual assault, N.J.S.A. 2C:14-2(a), second-degree sexual assault, N.J.S.A.

2C:14-2(b), and second-degree endangering the welfare of a child, N.J.S.A.

2C:24-4(a). For these offenses, a judge sentenced defendant to an aggregate

thirty-year prison term subject to the No Early Release Act (NERA), N.J.S.A.

2C:43-7.2; parole supervision for life (PSL), N.J.S.A. 2C:43-6.4; and the

registration requirements of Megan's Law, N.J.S.A. 2C:7-2. The victims were

A-0273-18T4
2
defendant's minor daughters, C.A. and J.P. Their trial testimony provides the

context for defendant's third PCR petition and this appeal. We summarized their

testimony in our opinion rejecting defendant's direct appeal:

C.A. testified that defendant placed his penis into
her vagina on approximately six or seven occasions
when she was ten- or eleven-years-old. She explained
to the jury that on the first occasion they played hide-
and-seek, he took her into his bedroom, and then
defendant removed her pants and underwear and
performed the act. She testified that "he got on top of
me and started humping me." The other incidents
occurred in the home too. She stated at trial that
defendant directed her not to tell anyone and offered
her money to keep the sexual abuse a secret. C.A.
testified, without objection, that defendant drank beer
when he performed some of the acts.

....

J.P. testified that defendant inserted his penis into
her vagina when she was seven-years-old and repeated
this conduct three times per week until she was
approximately ten- or eleven-years-old. J.P. explained
that most of the acts occurred in her parents' bedroom,
where defendant directed her to remove her pants and
underwear, but that defendant also performed these acts
in a bathroom at a construction site where he had
worked. J.P. also provided to the jury details of the
sexual abuse. She testified that he used a condom and
"moved back and forth," which caused her physical
pain. J.P. told a friend from school about the sexual
abuse during the time frame when defendant was
performing the acts; J.P. informed her mother about
what had occurred after her mother learned that
defendant had been sexually assaulting C.A.

A-0273-18T4
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[State v. S.P., No. A-3331-10 (App. Div. Oct. 4, 2013)
(slip op. at 2-4), certif. denied, 217 N.J. 588 (2014).]

Defendant denied his daughters' allegations. He testified he worked six

days a week as a landscaper and each working day he worked approximately

twelve and one-half hours, from 6:30 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. Id. at 7. He claimed he

never missed work as a result of being hung over and rarely missed work for any

other reason. Ibid. In addition, he testified he did not spend time alone with the

victims and never played hide-and-seek with them. Ibid. Defendant called five

character witnesses, who testified that he was truthful, respectful, and honest.

Ibid. The jury found the victims credible and convicted defendant of the crimes

we have enumerated above.

In June 2014, defendant filed his first PCR petition, which the trial court

denied without an evidentiary hearing. Defendant alleged his trial counsel

"failed to adequately prepare. Counsel failed to call witnesses." The trial court

found defendant's petition was "factually unsupported, R. 3:22-8." State v. S.P.,

No. A-1886-14 (App. Div. July 7, 2016) (slip op. at 2), certif. denied, 229 N.J.
160 (2017). On appeal, defendant argued:

POINT I

THE PCR COURT ERRED IN DENYING AN
EVIDENTIARY HEARING BECAUSE THE
DEFENDANT HAD ESTABLISHED A

A-0273-18T4
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REASONABLE LIKELIHOOD THAT HIS CLAIMS
OF INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL
WOULD ULTIMATELY SUCCEED ON THE
MERITS.

A. Trial Counsel was Ineffective by Failing
to Conduct an Investigation Prior to Trial
and, as a Result, Failed to Call Favorable
Witnesses at Trial.

B. The PCR Court Should have Conducted
an Evidentiary Hearing on the Defendant's
Claims.

We affirmed the trial court's denial of defendant's first PCR petition. Ibid.

We noted defendant had "failed to specifically identify counsel's acts or

omissions evincing a lack of preparation or supply statements from witnesses

whose testimony would have aided his defense." Id. at 4.

Defendant filed a second PCR petition, which the trial court dismissed on

January 26, 2015, because defendant's appeal from his first PCR petition was

pending. R. 3:22-6A(2). Defendant filed his third PCR petition—the subject of

this appeal—on April 5, 2017. He alleged his trial counsel was ineffective

because he failed to investigate two witnesses and present their testimony at

trial. This time, he included certifications of the witnesses with his petition.

The first witness (the Construction Site Owner) co-owned the property

that defendant's daughter, J.P., referred to in her trial testimony as the

A-0273-18T4
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"construction site" where defendant had sexually assaulted her in a bathroom.

The Construction Site Owner explained that two houses were located on the site.

Defendant often worked on the grounds on weekends, setting bricks and stone

walls, and working on patios and retaining walls. He often brought his daughters

with him. They played with her children.

The Construction Site Owner and her husband lived in the larger house.

Her parents lived in the smaller house—where the sexual assaults allegedly

occurred in 2003 and 2004—from 2002 to 2008. Not only did her parents live

in the smaller house where they were present most days and weekends, but there

were cameras on the property used for security and surveillance. According to

the Construction Site Owner, "[i]t is simply not possible [to commit such an

assault] from the layout of the house, and go unnoticed." Moreover, she stated

the children never showed signs of having been traumatized, such as sadness or

depression; rather, they were happy, cheerful, playing with each other and with

the dog.

The second witness, defendant's co-worker from 1995 to 2009 (the Co-

worker), confirmed he and defendant did a substantial amount of work on

weekends at the property defendant's daughter had referred to as the construction

site. The Co-worker confirmed the site included two homes, the larger occupied

A-0273-18T4
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by the Construction Site Owner, her husband, and their children, the smaller

occupied by her parents, who passed away in 2007. These parents were at the

smaller house "mostly every weekend." According to the Co-worker, "[n]one

of the workers had unrestricted access to [the smaller] house, and would

therefore be noticed going in[.]" The Co-worker further averred he "was present

when any work was being done on that house between 2002 and 2004, and never

saw any of [defendant's] children enter the smaller house[.]"

The Co-worker "never saw any signs of abuse on [defendant's] children,

and remember[ed] his daughter [J.P.] always playing with the [Construction Site

Owner's] children and their dog. [J.P.] never looked down or depressed, or

showed any type of behavior that would make you think that she was sad or that

she had been abused." Rather, according to the Co-worker, J.P. was always

happy and playing with the other children.

The Co-worker's observations of J.P. were not limited to her activities at

the construction site. He and defendant shared family activities, such as birthday

parties. He never witnessed any type of behavior in defendant's children at such

events that would indicate something was wrong, nor did he ever observe

defendant demonstrate any behavior that would lead him to believe defendant

was a threat to the children.

A-0273-18T4
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Because defendant alleged in his third PCR petition ineffective assistance

of both his trial counsel and his previous PCR counsel, the trial court assigned

counsel to assist him. Assigned counsel supplemented defendant's petition and

submitted a letter-brief to the court. Counsel argued trial counsel had been

ineffective for failing to interview the "exculpatory witnesses" who had

provided the certifications. He also argued defendant was entitled to an

evidentiary hearing because defendant's previous PCR counsel had been

ineffective for failing to properly investigate defendant's claims and obtain

statements from the witnesses who had not been presented at trial. He argued

that previous appellate counsel had also been ineffective and that his petition

was not time barred.

The trial court denied defendant's petition in a written opinion. The court

first considered—and rejected—defendant's argument his first PCR counsel was

ineffective. The court found PCR counsel made appropriate arguments and

incorporated by reference other arguments defendant had raised in his petition.

Concerning PCR counsel's failure to call witnesses, the court noted defendant

had raised his trial counsel's failure to call witnesses in his pro se brief and PCR

counsel incorporated the argument by reference in his own brief. Thus, the judge

who heard the first PCR petition had the opportunity to consider the arguments.

A-0273-18T4
8
Noting that case law does not mandate PCR counsel articulate every argument

raised by a defendant but permits counsel to incorporate arguments by reference,

and reiterating that PCR counsel incorporated defendant's argument by

reference, the court concluded PCR counsel had effectively represented

defendant.

Turning to defendant's next argument, the court rejected the claims that

trial counsel had failed to properly investigate and review the case and had

committed errors that cumulatively denied defendant effective assistance.

Specifically, defendant alleged trial counsel had failed to investigate and present

at trial the Construction Site Owner and the Co-worker. The court noted

defendant had raised the same claims in his first PCR petition and the judge that

heard the first PCR petition had rejected these claims. Because the claims had

been heard and rejected previously, and because defendant was not alleging that

this was new evidence, the court rejected defendant's arguments.

The court did not stop there. Rather, the court noted that even if the

alleged exculpatory testimony from the Construction Site Owner and the Co-

worker were considered new evidence, "a complete analysis of the testimony

and its use, or lack thereof, does not warrant a finding of ineffective counsel."

The court determined the proffered evidence did not place the integrity of

A-0273-18T4
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defendant's conviction in doubt. The court noted defendant failed to provide

"any explanation or assertion that prior counsel—trial, appellate, or PCR—were

informed of the two witnesses." Consequently, the court was unable to conclude

whether the evidence was available at trial or not. The court rejected the

argument because defendant had not demonstrated the proffered testimony was

more than merely cumulative, impeaching or contradictory; nor had he shown it

was discovered after trial and would probably change the jury's verdict.

Concluding defendant had failed to establish a prima facie case of

ineffective assistance, the court denied the PCR petition. This appeal followed.

To establish a PCR claim that trial counsel was constitutionally

ineffective, a defendant must prove two elements: first, that "counsel's

performance was deficient[,]" that is, "that counsel made errors so serious that

counsel was not functioning as the 'counsel' guaranteed the defendant by the
Sixth Amendment"[;] second, that "there is a reasonable probability that, but for

counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been

different." Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 694 (1984); accord

State v. Fritz, 105 N.J. 42, 58 (1987).

To prove the first element, a defendant must "overcome a strong

presumption that counsel exercised reasonable professional judgment and sound

A-0273-18T4
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trial strategy in fulfilling his responsibilities." State v. Nash, 212 N.J. 518, 542

(2013) (citation omitted). To prove the second element, a defendant must

demonstrate "how specific errors of counsel undermined the reliability of the

finding of guilt." United States v. Cronic, 466 U.S. 648, 659 n.26 (1984).

"A petitioner must establish the right to [post-conviction] relief by a

preponderance of the credible evidence." State v. Preciose, 129 N.J. 451, 459

(1992). "To sustain that burden, specific facts must be alleged and articulated"

that would "provide the court with an adequate basis on which to rest its

decision." State v. Mitchell, 126 N.J. 565, 579 (1992). A petitioner must do

more than make bald assertions that he was denied effective assistance of

counsel; he must allege specific facts sufficient to demonstrate counsel's alleged

substandard performance. State v. Cummings, 321 N.J. Super. 154, 170 (App.

Div. 1999). For example, "when a petitioner claims his trial attorney

inadequately investigated his case, he must assert the facts that an investigation

would have revealed, supported by affidavits or certifications based upon the

personal knowledge of the affiant or the person making the certification." Ibid.

This standard applies as well to a defendant's claim of ineffective assistance of

appellate counsel. State v. Gaither, 396 N.J. Super. 508, 513 (App. Div. 2007).

A-0273-18T4
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Whether a PCR hearing on an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel petition is

necessary is a matter within the court's discretion. See Preciose, 129 N.J. at 462;

see also R. 3:22-10(b) ("A defendant shall be entitled to an evidentiary hearing

only upon the establishment of a prima facie case in support of post-conviction

relief, a determination by the court that there are material issues of disputed fact

that cannot be resolved by reference to the existing record, and a determination

that an evidentiary hearing is necessary to resolve the claims for relief.").

Here, we agree with the trial court that defendant failed to establish a

prima facie case that his trial counsel was ineffective. Specifically, a study of

the record confirms the trial court's observation that defendant proffered no

competent evidence trial counsel was made aware of either the names of the

Construction Site Owner and Co-worker or that they could offer potentially

exculpatory evidence, assuming their statements can be so construed. In fact, in

defendant's PCR petition, he refers to the statements of these witnesses as

"newly discovered evidence."

Had defendant alleged he had provided trial counsel with the names of the

Construction Site Owner and Co-worker, or that they could provide exculpatory

testimony, he might have been entitled to an evidentiary hearing. Indisputably,

"counsel has a duty to make 'reasonable investigations or to make a reasonable

A-0273-18T4
12
decision that makes particular investigations unnecessary.' A failure to do so

will render the lawyer's performance deficient." State v. Chew, 179 N.J. 186,

205 (2004) (quoting State v. Savage, 120 N.J. 594, 617-18 (1990)). Having

failed to present competent evidence trial counsel was made aware of the

Construction Site Owner and Co-worker, defendant has failed to present a prima

facie case that his trial counsel was ineffective for not investigating them and

presenting their testimony at trial. Preciose, 129 N.J. at 459.

In view of our conclusion that defendant failed to establish a prima facie

case that his trial counsel was ineffective, we cannot conclude his first PCR

counsel was ineffective. To be sure, if defendant's first PCR counsel knew trial

counsel was aware of but did not investigate two witnesses who could provide

potentially exculpatory testimony, then first PCR counsel was obligated to

obtain certifications or affidavits from the witnesses. Cummings, 321 N.J.

Super. at 170. As we have discussed however, there is no evidence trial counsel

was aware of these witnesses or, for that matter, any evidence they could have

provided exculpatory testimony. Consequently, even if defendant could

establish a prima facie case that his first PCR counsel violated Strickland's first

prong by failing to conduct a reasonable investigation, he could not establish a

prima facie case of the second Strickland prong, namely, there is a reasonable

A-0273-18T4
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probability that, but for the first PCR counsel's inadequate or non-existent

investigation, the result of the first PCR proceeding would have been different.

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694.

Defendant's remaining arguments are without sufficient merit to warrant

further discussion. R. 2:11-3(e)(2).

Affirmed.

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