STATE OF NEW JERSEY v. J.S

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SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-3030-17T4

STATE OF NEW JERSEY,

Plaintiff-Respondent,

J.S.,

Defendant-Appellant.
______________________________

Submitted April 3, 2019 – Decided November 15, 2019

Before Judges Alvarez and Nugent.

On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
Division, Middlesex County, Indictment No. 06-10-
1466.

Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for
appellant (Andrew Robert Burroughs, Designated
Counsel, on the brief).

Andrew C. Carey, Middlesex County Prosecutor,
attorney for respondent (Joie D. Piderit, Assistant
Prosecutor, of counsel and on the brief).

The opinion of the court was delivered by
NUGENT, J.A.D.

Defendant, J.S., is serving an aggregate twenty-four year and three month

prison term on two counts of first-degree aggravated sexual assault, N.J.S.A.

2C:14-2(a), two counts of second-degree endangering the welfare of a child,

N.J.S.A. 2C:24-4(a), and one count of fourth-degree contempt, N.J.S.A. 2C:29-

9. A jury convicted him of the aggravated sexual assault offenses based

primarily on the testimony of his daughters, E and V.1 Defendant exhausted his

direct appeals and a court denied his first post-conviction relief (PCR) petition.

Defendant has filed this appeal from an order denying reconsideration of his

second PCR petition. In his second petition, defendant claimed various counsel

who represented him did so ineffectively and newly discovered evidence calls

into question the veracity of his daughters' testimony. Finding no error in the

trial court's rejection of defendant's claims of ineffective assistance of counsel

or its determination that the purported newly discovered evidence did not

constitute sufficient legal grounds for a new trial, we affirm.

1
We use letters to protect the privacy of the victims.
A-3030-17T4
2
The evidence the State presented at defendant's trial is detailed in our

opinion affirming defendant's conviction, State v. J.S., No. A-1603-07 (App.

Div. April 15, 2010) (slip op. at 3-5), certif. denied, 203 N.J. 96 (2010) and need

not be repeated in its entirety. In short, the State presented evidence that

defendant was a strict parent who wanted his children to do well in school. He

punished his daughters, E and V, both under the age of sixteen at the time, by

requiring them to stay in their rooms and read rather than watch television or

talk on the phone. Id. at 3. Eventually, defendant offered to commute their

punishments in exchange for their submitting to his sexual demands. Id. at 3-4.

The children waited two years before disclosing the abuse. Id. at 4.

Defendant testified and denied the allegations. He acknowledged he

wanted his daughters to excel in school and he punished them by requiring them

to remain in their rooms and read books. They both made the honor roll, one

with straight A's. He testified he would initially require them to remain in their

rooms for a month, but usually let them out after a week or two weeks, because

they behaved, not because they submitted to his sexual demands. Id. at 4-5. The

jury rejected his testimony.

A-3030-17T4
3
In addition to filing a direct appeal, defendant filed a PCR petition, which

the trial court denied. Defendant appealed and we affirmed. State v. J.S., No.

A-2490-12 (App. Div. Apr. 1, 2014). One year and thirteen days after we

affirmed the denial of defendant's first PCR petition, defendant filed a second

PCR petition dated June 2, 2015. The order denying the second petition is the

subject of this appeal.

In his form petition, in response to the written directive to specify the facts

upon which relief was based, as well as the legal argument and all claims,

defendant wrote: "[c]laiming ineffective counsel, lawyer failed to investigate,

failure to present alibi, failure to communicate and provide discovery. New

evidence waiting on Affidavit in near future."

The judge who heard defendant's second PCR petition denied it on January

13, 2016. In a written opinion, the court noted defendant had "raised the same

and substantially similar issues in his first [PCR] application and had the

opportunity to address the issues now raised in his recent application." Because

defendant raised the same issues he had raised in his first PCR petition, and

failed to provide evidence to support the issues raised in his second PCR petition

despite the opportunity to do so, the court concluded defendant had failed to

establish a prima facie case of ineffectiveness entitling him to a hearing.

A-3030-17T4
4
The following month, defendant filed a motion for reconsideration. In his

supporting certification, defendant averred that when he appeared before the

court on October 29, 2015, to argue his PCR petition, he informed the court,

among other things, that he was in the process of obtaining an affidavit from a

witness critical to his petition. According to him, though the judge gave him a

fourteen-day extension, the witness did not get the statement notarized until

December 10, 2015. Defendant claimed that once he received the notarized

certification, he wrote to the Criminal Division Manager to determine the name

of the judge he had appeared before. The next thing he received was the order

denying his petition.

On February 17, 2016, the same judge who had denied defendant's second

PCR petition entered an order that granted defendant the opportunity to seek

counsel. The judge also scheduled a status conference on April 8, 2016. The

court was persuaded by the notarized statement defendant attached to his motion

for reconsideration that he should have been granted additional time. The court

noted, "the Affidavit raises an issue of recantation by the victim." The court

concluded the order with this statement: "Based on the recent Affidavit, the

Court grants the defendant the opportunity to explore the issue of possible

A-3030-17T4
5
recantation by the victim by permitting Defendant an opportunity to seek

counsel on his application for [PCR]."

The affidavit was that of defendant's nephew, who stated:

I, on many different occasions have been told by
[defendant's son] that [V] said to him, "if you don't
leave me alone, I will do to you what I did to dad," in
reference to her conspiring a story to falsely accuse him
of acts to lead him to imprisonment. I also requested to
testify as a witness, which I was never allowed to. I
have spen[t] enough time around both parties to know
whoms [sic] stories are less fluid and more truthful.
Throughout my childhood and adolescence, I've spen[t]
countless days and nights in the household where
crimes were said to have occurred and saw no
suspicious behavior. I have also heard [E] while
inebriated, say she was saddened and felt horrible about
her father being incarcerated and that "it wasn't her
idea." I would be willing to testify[,] explain and stand
behind everything I have written.

Defendant obtained counsel whose investigator recorded interviews from

defendant's nephew and son and supplemented the record. Amplifying his

notarized affidavit, defendant's nephew explained that he was the victims'

cousin. He was ten or eleven years old when his cousins made their allegations.

From ages ten through fourteen, he spent time with them, staying at their home

more than he stayed at his own home. As of the date he gave the statement, he

still talked to them three or four times a month.

A-3030-17T4
6
In his statement, defendant's nephew said that approximately two years

previously he spoke to E about the allegations against defendant. He claimed E

was intoxicated. He told her he knew everything that had happened and how he

felt about it. The two went for a walk to get cigarettes and during the walk

defendant's nephew repeatedly told E he knew defendant "didn't do it." He also

said he just wanted to know "which one of you thought of doing this."

According to the nephew, E was crying and just kept crying. She told him it

was not her idea. He pressed, but she continued to cry and would not answer

him further.

Defendant's son also gave a recorded interview. In his interview, he

confirmed defendant was the family disciplinarian, whereas the children could

get away with things with their mother. Defendant's son became the

disciplinarian after his father was locked up. His sisters had a problem both

with authority and with listening. One day he told V she had to do her homework

before she could go out. V said if he didn't "calm down [his] authoritativeness,

that [he] would be next." He repeated that V told him "to watch what [he] was

doing, she said [he] would end up like [defendant]." Defendant's son interpreted

this to mean that, like his father, he would be locked up, too.

A-3030-17T4
7
Defendant's son added that after his father was locked up, "everything

. . . went crazy." E and V did whatever they wanted, stayed out as late as they

wanted, began getting into trouble, and did not complete high school.

Defendant's son also overheard a conversation between E and V two or

three months after his father was arrested. He sensed E "was going to crack and

tell the truth." He heard V tell E, "you better not say anything, and keep your

mouth shut. We're good."

The court denied defendant a hearing on his PCR petition. The judge who

had determined that the nephew's affidavit raised an issue of recantation b y the

victim did not make the final decision on defendant's motion for reconsideration.

A different judge made that decision and denied the motion.

The judge who denied defendant's motion for reconsideration did so in an

opinion he announced from the bench following oral argument. In rejecting

defendant's arguments, he noted defendant's witnesses could "in no way, shape

or form provide complete 100 percent exculpation as alleged." The judge

commented that testimony from defendant's son and nephew that they observed

no suspicious behavior in the home, and that E and V ran with the wrong crowd,

would have been inadmissible at trial. Nor would a video showing E and V in

compromising positions with older men have been admissible. The judge

A-3030-17T4
8
determined "the statement attributed to one of the victims that they would have

locked him up again does not provide the level of exculpation that warrants the

[p]etitioner receiving post-conviction relief."

Concerning trial counsel not calling at trial the witnesses defendant

identified in his PCR petition, the judge concluded "it would have been

within . . . reasonable professional judgment not to call those witnesses as part

of trial strategy, because they really do not add here. They would have been for

the purposes of impeachment only." In so concluding, the court noted:

[T]his Defendant took the stand and testified in his own
behalf and countered all the allegations that his
daughters made against him. So the jury was presented
with a distinct choice here whether to believe the
daughters or to believe the Defendant with respect to
the allegations that were here, and they chose to believe
the daughter.

The court concluded, "[t]here's nothing here that indicates that the acts or

omission of trial counsel were outside the wide range of professional competent

assistance in light of all the circumstances." The court found defendant had

failed to demonstrate that trial counsel's performance was so deficient as t o

create a reasonable probability the deficiencies contributed to the conviction.

The court characterized the affidavit of defendant's nephew as well as his

statement, and the statement of defendant's son as newly discovered evidence.

A-3030-17T4
9
The court decided the affidavit from defendant's nephew did not warrant a new

trial:

This is allegedly impeaching material, and it is
cumulative, the defense that the [d]efendant's actions in
this case, that the allegation that the children fabricated
the motive in this case was an issue before the court
based on the disciplinary style of the father.

Also, the second prong is the evidence was
discovered after the completion of the trial. It was not
discoverable by reasonable diligence before.
[Defendant's] alleged evidence, some of it predates the
trial; some of it does not. So that factor may go in favor
of the [p]etitioner, but the [c]ourt finds that the
evidence would not probably change the jury's verdict
if a new trial was granted, and so that factor goes
against the [p]etitioner.

Again, the [c]ourt finds that most of this evidence
by [defendant] is, and the son, is cumulative,
impeaching and contradictory. It does not establish an
alibi. It does not establish third-party guilt.

Because all three prongs of the test are not
satisfied, the [d]efendant is not entitled to the relief of
a new trial.

Noting defendant "already had an opportunity to explain his claims in his

first petition for post-conviction relief," the court commented, "a procedural bar

could apply here." The court summarized its decision:

So there is no newly discovered evidence warranting
relief, [defendant] has not established that he's entitled
to relief under the Strickland v. Washington standard,

A-3030-17T4
10
even assuming that the petition can go forward, and,
lastly, the case should be procedurally barred because
of time. So any one of those three is sufficient basis to
deny the request for an evidentiary hearing or for PCR
relief.

The court entered a memorializing order and this appeal followed.

II.

On appeal, defendant argues:

POINT I
THE PROCEDURAL BAR SHOULD BE EXCUSED
DUE TO INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF PCR AND
APPELLATE COUNSEL.

POINT II
BECAUSE DEFENSE COUNSEL FAILED TO
ADEQUATELY INVESTIGATE THE CASE,
DEFENDANT RECEIVED INEFFECTIVE
ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL.

POINT III
DEFENDANT IS ENTITLED TO A NEW TRIAL
BASED ON NEWLY DISCOVERED EVIDENCE.

POINT IV
AS THERE ARE GENUINE ISSUES OF MATERIAL
FACT IN DISPUTE, AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING
WAS REQUIRED.
A.

We are unpersuaded by defendant's first two arguments. In his first

argument point heading, defendant asserts "the procedural bar" should be

excused, but he does not identify the specific procedural bar, either in the point

A-3030-17T4
11
heading or in his argument. A second or subsequent PCR petition must be filed

within one year of the occurrence of specified events. R. 3:22-12(a)(2). The

event that appears to apply here is "the date of the denial of the first or

subsequent application for post-conviction relief where ineffective assistance of

counsel that represented the defendant on the first or subsequent application for

post-conviction relief is being alleged." R. 3:22-12(a)(2)(C). Defendant alleges

that his first PCR counsel as well as the attorney who filed his appeal were

ineffective, but the appeal was decided on May 20, 2014, and defendant filed

his second PCR petition on June 2, 2015.

Defendant is out of time. R. 3:22-12(b) ("These time limits shall not be

relaxed, except as provided herein."). Defendant does not identify any exception

"provided herein."

In his second point, in which he elaborates on his first point, defendant

identifies three witnesses he claims would have provided exculpatory testimony.

He also claims he gave their names to trial counsel, who neither interviewed

them, requested that they testify, or presented their testimony at defendant's trial.

But defendant has not produced certifications from the witnesses explaining

what they knew. These witnesses are not defendant's nephew or son, who

provided statements.

A-3030-17T4
12
In order to establish the two elements of an ineffective assistance claim

that are required by Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984) and

State v. Fritz, 105 N.J. 42, 58 (1987) (adopting the Strickland two-part test in

New Jersey), a defendant must do more than make bald assertions that he was

denied effective assistance of counsel; he must allege specific facts sufficient to

demonstrate counsel's alleged substandard performance. State v. Cummings,

321 N.J. Super. 154, 170 (App. Div. 1999). Thus, "when a petitioner claims his

trial attorney inadequately investigated his case, he must assert the facts that an

investigation would have revealed, supported by affidavits or certifications

based upon the personal knowledge of the affiant or the person making the

certification." Ibid. Here, defendant has failed to provide such certifications or

affidavits. For that reason, his argument is unavailing.

Because defendant has failed to present a prima facie case of ineffective

assistance of counsel, we reject his argument in Point IV that he was entitled to

an evidentiary hearing on these claims.

We next address defendant's third argument that newly discovered

evidence warrants a new trial. Defendant bases his argument on the statements

A-3030-17T4
13
of his son and nephew. Settled principles inform our analysis of defendant's

arguments:

To meet the standard for a new trial based on newly
discovered evidence, defendant must show that the
evidence is 1) material, and not "merely" cumulative,
impeaching, or contradictory; 2) that the evidence was
discovered after completion of the trial and was 'not
discoverable by reasonable diligence beforehand'; and
3) that the evidence "would probably change the jury's
verdict if a new trial were granted."

[State v. Ways, 180 N.J. 171, 187 (2004) (quoting State
v. Carter, 85 N.J. 300, 314 (1981)).]

Under the first of the three criteria, a defendant must show the evidence

"ha[s] some bearing on the claims being advanced." Id. at 188 (quoting State v.

Henries, 306 N.J. Super. 512, 531 (App. Div. 1997)). Thus, a court must

evaluate "the probable impact such evidence would have on a jury verdict." Id.

at 188-89. Under the second criteria, "the new evidence must have been

discovered after completion of trial and must not have been discoverable earlier

through the exercise of reasonable diligence." Id. at 192. A defendant must "act

with reasonable dispatch in searching for evidence before the start of the trial."

Ibid. Under the third criteria, a defendant must show the evidence "would

probably change the jury's verdict if a new trial were granted." Id. at 189

(quoting Carter, 85 N.J. at 314). "The power of the newly discovered evidence

A-3030-17T4
14
to alter the verdict is the central issue . . . ." Id. at 191. "[T]he test is whether

the evidence if introduced is such as ought to have led the jury to a different

conclusion—one of probability and not mere possibility[.]" State v. Haines, 20 N.J. 438, 445 (1956).

Motions for a new trial based on newly discovered evidence are "not

favored and should be granted with caution by a trial court since [they] disrupt[]

the judicial process." State v. Conway, 193 N.J. Super. 133, 171 (App. Div.

1984) (citing Haines, 20 N.J. at 443). Such motions are "addressed to the sound

discretion of the trial court, and its determination will not be reversed on appeal

unless there has been a clear abuse of that discretion." State v. Puchalski, 45 N.J. 97, 107 (1965) (quoting State v. Artis, 36 N.J. 538, 541 (1962)); accord,

State v. Russo, 333 N.J. Super. 119, 137 (App. Div. 2000). From our review of

the record in the case before us, we cannot conclude the trial court abused its

discretion by denying defendant's motion. Although defendant's son does not

specify precisely when his sisters made the statements he attributes to them, they

appear to have been made shortly after defendant was arrested and before his

trial. Defendant has provided no explanation as to why he disclosed them for

the first time after filing his second PCR petition, or why the evidenc e was not

available before the start of his trial. Concerning the statements made by

A-3030-17T4
15
defendant's nephew, it is unclear why defendant could not have provided the

information before filing his first PCR petition.

More significantly, defendant's nephew's statements consist mostly of

hearsay, and the statement he attributes to E is ambiguous at best. Although one

could draw an inference that E's statement, while she was upset, that it was not

her idea, referred to the victims making up their accusations, the statement could

also suggest that it was not E's idea to disclose the sexual abuse perpetrated by

defendant.

The conversation between E and V, overhead by defendant's son, is

similarly ambiguous. Moreover, failure by defendant and his son to explain the

reason the son did not disclose V's statements before trial or when defendant

filed his first PCR petition validates the principle that granting a new trial based

on such tenuous allegations is not a favored course of action and should be

approached with caution.

In short, we cannot conclude "the evidence if introduced is such as ought

to have led the jury to a different conclusion—one of probability and not mere

possibility. . . ." Haines, 20 N.J. at 445. Stated differently, the trial court did

not clearly abuse its discretion in denying defendant's motion.

Affirmed.

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16

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