M.S. WHOLESALE PLUMBING INC. v. GEN-KAL PIPE STEEL CORPORATION
Annotate this CaseNOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
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SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-2502-17T2
M.S. WHOLESALE PLUMBING,
INC., on behalf of itself and all
other entities and persons similarly
situated,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
GEN-KAL PIPE & STEEL,
CORPORATION and EUGENE
J. KALSKY,
Defendants-Appellants.
______________________________
Submitted December 17, 2018 – Decided January 15, 2019
Before Judges Sumners and Mitterhoff.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
Division, Cape May County, Docket No. DJ-083651-
17.
Klein Law Group, PLLC, attorneys for appellants
(Andrew M. Klein, on the briefs).
Carella, Byrne, Cecchi, Olstein, Brody & Agnello, PC,
attorneys for respondent (G.G. Troublefield and
Christopher J. Buggy, of counsel and on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Defendants Gen-Kal Pipe & Steel Corp. ("Gen-Kal") and Eugene J.
Kalsky appeal from the Law Division's December 19, 2017 order granting a
motion by plaintiff Wholesale Plumbing, Inc. ("M.S. Wholesale Plumbing") to
levy and sell Kalsky's real property. For the reasons that follow, we reverse and
remand.
Defendant Kalsky is the owner and CEO of Gen-Kal, a New Jersey
corporation with a principal address in New Jersey. Plaintiff M.S. Wholesale
Plumbing is an Arkansas company with a principal address in Arkansas . The
controversy in this case stems from a judgment entered by a state trial court in
Russellville, Pope County, Arkansas. In the Arkansas litigation, plaintiff M.S.
Wholesale Plumbing filed a class action lawsuit against defendants Gen-Kal and
Kalsky, alleging that Gen-Kal sent unsolicited faxes in violation of the
Telephone Consumer Protection Act ("TCPA"), 47 U.S.C. § 227. M.S.
Wholesale Plumbing alleged that it received one fax containing an offer to
purchase piping that did not include an opt-out notice, as required by Federal
Communications Commission regulations implemented under the TCPA. The
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complaint further alleged that "Eugene Kalsky is personally liable under a veil -
piercing theory because he has demonstrated an abuse of the corporate form to
commit the violations and wrongs alleged in this complaint."
Defendants did not immediately retain counsel or formally answer the
complaint. Instead, in December 2015, Kalsky personally sent a one-page letter
to the clerk of the Arkansas court stating that the fax was not unsolicited and
requesting that the action be dismissed. Inexplicably, the Arkansas court treated
this letter as an answer, despite Arkansas law prohibiting a corporation from
appearing unless represented by an attorney. Ark. Code Ann. § 16-22-211(a)
("It shall be unlawful for any corporation or voluntary association to practice or
appear as an attorney at law for any person in any court in this state or before
any judicial body[.]"); see also DeSoto Gathering Co. LLC v. Hill, 531 S.W.3d 396, 402 (2017) ("We have repeatedly held that when a person not licensed to
practice law in this state attempts to represent the interests of another by
submitting himself or herself to the jurisdiction of a court, the pleadings filed
by that person are rendered a nullity."). Thereafter, the Arkansas court certified
a class action, although M.S. Wholesale Plumbing was the only identified
member of the class. Plaintiff then served notices to admit on Kalsky and Gen-
Kal, to which defendants did not respond. On March 17, 2017, the Arkansas
A-2502-17T2
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court granted summary judgment in favor of M.S. Wholesale Plumbing,
deeming Gen-Kal to have admitted to sending 25,000 unsolicited faxes to the
class based on its failure to respond to the notices to admit. Based solely on
Gen-Kal's failure to respond to the notices to admit, the Arkansas court entered
judgment in the amount of $12.5 million against Gen-Kal and Kalsky, jointly
and severally.1
After the judgment was entered, Kalsky retained Arkansas counsel and
filed a motion to set aside the judgment in July 2017, which the Arkansas court
denied. On November 16, 2017, defendants appealed the denial of the motion
to set aside the final judgment to the Arkansas Court of Appeals ("the Arkansas
Appeal"). This appeal remains pending before the Arkansas Court of Appeals.
Meanwhile, before defendants moved to vacate the Arkansas judgment,
plaintiff domesticated the judgment in New Jersey under the Uniform
Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act ("UEFJA"), N.J.S.A. 2A:49A-25 to -33,
by filing the judgment with the Clerk of the Superior Court on May 31, 2017.
On June 27, 2017, defendants filed a motion to vacate the domesticated
1
The TCPA provides that a person who has received a communication in
violation of the act may bring an action in the court of a state "to recover for
actual monetary loss from such a violation, or to receive $500 in damages for
each such violation, whichever is greater." 47 U.S.C. § 227(b)(3)(b).
A-2502-17T2
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judgment in the Law Division, Burlington County ("the Burlington County
motion"). That motion remains pending before the Law Division.2
Plaintiff then took steps to enforce the judgment in New Jersey. In July
2017, plaintiff served a subpoena on Kalsky to appear for a deposition and
produce documents. Plaintiff also caused a writ of execution to be issued,
directing the Sheriff of Cape May County to execute against Kalsky's personal
property in satisfaction of the judgment. The Sheriff attempted to levy
defendant's personal property, but was unable to do so. In September 2017,
Kalsky was deposed and questioned regarding all his assets.
On November 1, 2017, plaintiff filed a motion pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2A:17-
1 and Rule 4:59-1 in the Law Division, Cape May County to levy and sell real
property owned by Kalsky in Cape May County. Defendants did not file a
formal opposition to the motion, but counsel for defendants submitted two letters
to the trial court on November 17 and 30, 2017. The first letter asked the trial
court to postpone the motion until the resolution of the Burlington County
2
The parties agree that this motion remains pending, with no date set for
argument or decision, but disagree as to whether the motion is being held in
abeyance. Plaintiff asserts that the court has held the motion in abeyance
pending the outcome of the Arkansas appeal. On the other hand, defendants
assert that they have persistently requested that the court rule on the motion to
vacate the domesticated judgment.
A-2502-17T2
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motion to vacate the domesticated judgment. The second letter requested the
opportunity to fully oppose and brief the motion, raising the following reasons
that the Arkansas judgment should not be entitled to comity: (1) the judgment
was not final as it was being appealed on substantive and procedural due process
grounds; (2) the TCPA does not permit personal liability except in
circumstances not present here; (3) the class certification was improper; and (4)
defendants already objected to the domestication of the Arkansas judgment in
Burlington County.
On December 19, 2017, the trial court issued a written decision and order
granting plaintiff’s motion to levy and sell the property. In its decision, the trial
court found that plaintiff had made a good faith attempt to locate Kalsky's
personal property in Cape May County, as required by N.J.S.A. 2A:17-1 and
Rule 4:59-1(d). The trial court also noted defendants' arguments against giving
comity to the Arkansas judgment, but concluded:
Although [d]efendants assert[] they have filed an
appeal and for bankruptcy, no stay has been issued, nor
has the Superior Court in Burlington County issued an
opinion in this matter. Furthermore, under the Full
Faith and Credit Card Clause of the United States
Constitution, judgments of foreign jurisdictions are
given full faith and credit in New Jersey. Plaintiff is
therefore entitled to levy and sell Mr. Kalsky's personal
property located . . . [in] Ocean City, New Jersey.
A-2502-17T2
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This appeal ensued.
While this appeal was pending, Kalsky used two statutory adjournments
to postpone the sheriff's sale to July 11, 2018. On July 2, 2018, defendants filed
a motion seeking a stay of the sheriff's sale pursuant to Rule 2:9-5 pending the
resolution of the Arkansas appeal, the Burlington County motion, and this
appeal. On July 17, 2018, the trial court issued a written memorandum of
decision and entered an order granting defendants' motion and staying the
sheriff's sale pending the resolution of the Arkansas appeal and the Burlington
County motion. The trial court found:
If the Arkansas judgment was not valid, as [d]efendants
assert due to Gen-Kal's inability to participate in a
lawsuit without an attorney per Arkansas law, then
there is a high chance of success on the merits in
[d]efendant Kalsky's favor. Moreover, this Court
cannot enforce a judgment and levy real property
without ensuring that the underlying judgment was
valid. McKesson Corp., 197 N.J. at 275. As that is still
at issue in the Arkansas Appellate Courts, and in
Burlington County, this matter should be stayed
pending resolution of the preceding matters.
The trial court also ordered that Kalsky provide the deed to the property to be
held in escrow and that Kalsky was restricted from further encumbering the
property as security pursuant to Rule 2:9-6(a)(2). Plaintiff did not appeal the
A-2502-17T2
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order granting the stay of the sheriff's sale. Thus, enforcement of the order on
appeal is currently stayed.
On appeal from the trial court's December 19, 2017 order granting
plaintiff’s motion to levy and sell the property, defendants raise the following
points for our review:
I. THE COURT SHOULD VACATE THE
DECISION BELOW, AS IT FAILS TO
CONSIDER AND RESOLVE VALID DUE
PROCESS OBJECTIONS TO THE ARKANSAS
JUDGMENT.
II. IN THE ALTERNATIVE, THE COURT
BELOW SHOULD HAVE HELD
PROCEEDINGS IN ABEYANCE PENDING
RESOLUTION OF GENE KALSKY’S
CHALLENGES TO THE VALIDITY OF THE
JUDGMENT.
III. THE DECISION BELOW SHOULD BE
VACATED AND REMANDED, BECAUSE IT
IS UNCLEAR, AMBIGUOUS, AND FAILS TO
COMPLY WITH R. 1:7-4.
Defendants do not dispute that plaintiff followed the requirements of
N.J.S.A. 2A:17-1 and Rule 4:59-1. Rather, the appeal focuses on the legal issue
of whether Arkansas had personal jurisdiction over defendants such that the
Arkansas judgment should be given comity in New Jersey. See YA Glob.
Investments, LP v. Cliff, 419 N.J. Super. 1, 8 (App. Div. 2011) ("The question
A-2502-17T2
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whether a court has personal jurisdiction over a defendant is a question of law,
and thus our review of the issue is de novo."). We review a legal issue de novo.
See Manalapan Realty, LP v. Twp. Comm. of Manalapan, 140 N.J. 366, 378
(1995).
Having considered the record and applicable legal principles, we find that
the trial court failed to properly consider defendants' objections to the personal
jurisdiction of the Arkansas court before affording full faith and credit to the
Arkansas judgment. The United States Constitution requires that "Full Faith
and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial
Proceedings of every other State." U.S. Const. art IV, § 1. Through the
procedures of the UEFJA, New Jersey "discharg[es] its Full Faith and Credit
obligations." Singh v. Sidana, 387 N.J. Super. 380, 382 (App. Div. 2006).
Under the UEFJA, a judgment creditor may file a foreign judgment with the
Clerk of the Superior Court to enforce that judgment in this state. N.J.S.A.
2A:49A-27.
Although domestication of a foreign judgment is not generally an
opportunity to collaterally attack the judgment of the court of a sister state, New
Jersey courts will not give full faith and credit to a the judgment where the court
of the sister state lacked jurisdiction or where there was a denial of due process.
A-2502-17T2
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See McKesson Corp. v. Hackensack Med. Imaging, 197 N.J. 262, 275 (2009)
("Of course, the judgment for which full faith and credit is sought must itself be
valid, that is, it must be issued by a court of competent jurisdiction in possession
of valid personal jurisdiction over the defendant."); State of Maine v. SeKap,
S.A. Greek Co-op Cigarette Mfg. Co., 392 N.J. Super. 227, 235 (App. Div. 2007)
("[T]he judgment debtor may raise due process defenses in any enforcement
action in New Jersey under the UEFJA."); Sonntag Reporting Serv., Ltd. v.
Ciccarelli, 374 N.J. Super. 533, 540 (App. Div. 2005) ("Litigants seeking to
assert merit defenses, other than due process defenses, must do so in the forum
state."). In this case, therefore, defendants were entitled to raise objections to
personal jurisdiction both in Arkansas and New Jersey. McKesson, 197 N.J. at
275.
The trial court's decision does not substantively address the objections to
the jurisdiction of the Arkansas court raised by defendants.3 See Sekap, 392 N.J. Super at 242 (remanding where trial court failed to address jurisdictional
3
Although plaintiff's November 30, 2017 letter in opposition to plaintiff's
motion did not specifically discuss the issue of personal jurisdiction, it
sufficiently raised due process concerns such that the trial court should have
considered whether the Arkansas judgment was not entitled to comity on due
process grounds. Indeed, the trial court's memorandum of decision noted
"[d]efendants argue that there are numerous and substantive procedural due
process errors that led to an unsupported judgment and award of $12.5 million."
A-2502-17T2
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challenge to enforcement of foreign judgment). In this regard, the trial court's
analysis of whether to give comity to the Arkansas judgment is limited to the
following: "[U]nder the Full Faith and Credit Clause of the United States
Constitution, judgments of foreign jurisdictions are given full faith and credit in
New Jersey. Plaintiff is therefore entitled to levy and sell Mr. Kalsky's personal
properly located . . . [in] Ocean City, New Jersey." The trial court did not
address whether the Arkansas court had personal jurisdiction over either Kalsky
or Gen-Kal. With such a cursory analysis, the trial court failed to ensure that
the Arkansas judgment was "issued by a court of competent jurisdiction in
possession of valid personal jurisdiction over the defendant[s]." McKesson, 197 N.J. at 275.
Consequently, we vacate the trial court's December 19, 2017 order
granting plaintiff's motion to levy and sell Kalsky's property and remand the
case to the trial court to consider defendants' objections to personal jurisdiction
of the Arkansas court. See Sekap, 392 N.J. Super 244 (remanding where "the
current record makes resolution of the [jurisdictional] issue impossible."). The
trial court may in its discretion permit discovery on the issue of personal
jurisdiction and hold a plenary hearing to resolve factual disputes relevant to
this issue. See id. at 243-44. We also hold that defendants need not post security
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pending the resolution of the remand proceedings. Id. at 244 ("We hold that the
assertion of a 'due process defense' to the domesticated judgment may be
properly raised without the posting of any security[.]").
Additionally, we direct the trial court to hold any further proceedings in
abeyance pending the resolution of the Arkansas appeal and the Burlington
County motion. In the absence of special equities, a New Jersey court should
dismiss or stay a New Jersey action pending the resolution of a "first -filed"
action in another forum. See Sensient Colors, Inc. v. Allstate Ins. Co., 193 N.J.
373, 386 (2008); Kitchens Int'l, Inc. v. Evans Cabinet Corp., 413 N.J. Super.
107, 115 (App. Div. 2010). In this case, the issue of personal jurisdiction may
be addressed by either the Arkansas Court of Appeals or the Burlington County
court. All other proceedings should be stayed pending a determination by those
tribunals. We do not predict the outcome of any remand proceedings, but note
that the trial court may not necessarily be bound by the ruling of the Arkansas
Court of Appeals, to ensure that defendants' objections to the jurisdiction of the
Arkansas court are fully considered.
Reversed and remanded. We do not retain jurisdiction.
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