STATE OF NEW JERSEY v. VEANZEIL R. ROBERTS
Annotate this CaseNOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
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SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-0750-16T2
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
VEANZEIL R. ROBERTS,
a/k/a PUN, KING PUNISHER,
and BOO-BOO,
Defendant-Appellant.
____________________________
Submitted October 11, 2018 – Decided January 17, 2019
Before Judges Simonelli and DeAlmeida.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
Division, Bergen County, Indictment No. 05-12-2152.
Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for
appellant (Andrew P. Slowinski, Designated Counsel,
on the brief).
Dennis Calo, Acting Bergen County Prosecutor,
attorney for respondent (Annmarie Cozzi, Special
Deputy Attorney General/Acting Senior Assistant
Prosecutor, of counsel and on the brief; John J. Scaliti,
Legal Assistant, on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Defendant Veanzeil R. Roberts appeals from the August 23, 2016 Law
Division order, which denied his petition for post-conviction relief (PCR)
without an evidentiary hearing. We affirm.
Following a jury trial, on March 31, 2010, defendant was convicted of
first-degree attempted murder, N.J.S.A. 2C:5-1 and N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3(a);
second-degree aggravated assault, N.J.S.A. 2C:12-1(b)(1); third-degree
possession of a weapon for an unlawful purpose, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-4(d); fourth-
degree possession of a weapon under circumstances not manifestly appropriate
for its lawful use, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-5(d); and first-degree conspiracy to commit
murder, N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3(a)(1),(2) and N.J.S.A. 2C:5-2. On June 18, 2010, the
trial court sentenced defendant to a twenty-year term of imprisonment with an
eighty-five percent period of parole ineligibility pursuant to the No Early
Release Act, N.J.S.A. 2C:43-7.2.
The charges against defendant stemmed from his involvement in the
egregiously brutal stabbing of Monica Penalba. The State's theory of culpability
depended on establishing defendant as a member of the Latin Kings, a
notoriously violent street gang. The State characterized defendant's role in the
gang as an "enforcer." According to the State, defendant and another individual,
A-0750-16T2
2
who was not a member of the gang at the time, savagely attacked and attempted
to kill Penalba to prevent her from reporting to law enforcement authorities the
kidnapping and murder of one man and the kidnapping and aggravated assault
of another man. Gang members committed the crimes against these men in
retaliation for robbing a high-ranking Latin Kings member of drugs and money.
The evidence showed that as an enforcer in the Latin Kings, defendant used
violence, brutality, and murder as means of retaliating against those who dared
to steal from gang leaders. The evidence also showed that the gang used these
same ruthless measures to protect those who enforced the leaders' orders, by
killing, or in this case, attempting to kill, those who may have witnessed the
initial retaliatory acts.
Defendant appealed his conviction, challenging the admission of evidence
of his gang affiliation, including the testimony of Oscar Giorgi, and the State's
graphic presentation of Penalba's testimony regarding the nature and extent of
her injuries. Defendant also challenged his sentence. We affirmed, State v.
Roberts, No. A-2268-10 (App. Div. Aug. 6, 2014), and our Supreme Court
denied defendant's petition for certification, State v. Roberts, 220 N.J. 573
(2015).
A-0750-16T2
3
On February 5, 2016, defendant filed a pro se PCR petition, arguing that
trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance by failing to object to the gang
affiliation evidence, Giorgi's testimony that the gang sustained itself by selling
drugs, and evidence of the nature and extent of Penalba's injuries, and failing to
request a limiting instruction on the gang affiliation evidence. The PCR judge
denied the petition, finding defendant failed to establish a prima facie case of
ineffective assistance of counsel.
On appeal, defendant raises the following contentions:
POINT I
THE PCR COURT SHOULD HAVE HELD THAT
DEFENDANT'S RIGHT TO EFFECTIVE
ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL WAS VIOLATED BY
TRIAL COUNSEL'S FAILURE TO REQUEST A
LIMITING INSTRUCTION ON THE
PROSECUTION'S USE OF GANG AFFILIATION
EVIDENCE. [(U.S. CONST., AMEND. VI; N.J.
CONST., ART. I, ¶ 10).]
(a) Trial Counsel's Failure to Request a Limiting
Instruction Satisfies the First Prong of the
Strickland/Fritz[1] Standard.
(b) Trial Counsel's Failure to Request a Limiting
Instruction Satisfies the Second Prong of the
Strickland/Fritz Standard.
1
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984); State v. Fritz, 105 N.J. 42
(1987).
A-0750-16T2
4
(c) Defense Counsel Was Ineffective in Failing to
Object to the Testimony of Oscar G[i]orgi.
(d) Defense Counsel [W]as Ineffective in Failing to
Object to Excessively Graphic Evidence of the Victim's
Injuries.
(e) The PCR Court Should Have Granted
Defendant's Petition on the Grounds of Cumulative
Error.
The mere raising of a claim for PCR does not entitle the defendant to an
evidentiary hearing. State v. Cummings, 321 N.J. Super. 154, 170 (App. Div.
1999). Rather, trial courts should grant evidentiary hearings and make a
determination on the merits only if the defendant has presented a prima facie
claim of ineffective assistance, material issues of disputed fact lie outside the
record, and resolution of the issues necessitates a hearing. R. 3:22-10(b); State
v. Porter, 216 N.J. 343, 355 (2013). To establish a prima facie claim of
ineffective assistance of counsel, the defendant
must satisfy two prongs. First, he must demonstrate
that counsel made errors "so serious that counsel was
not functioning as the 'counsel' guaranteed the
defendant by the Sixth Amendment." An attorney's
representation is deficient when it "[falls] below an
objective standard of reasonableness."
Second, a defendant "must show that the
deficient performance prejudiced the defense." A
defendant will be prejudiced when counsel's errors are
sufficiently serious to deny him "a fair trial." The
A-0750-16T2
5
prejudice standard is met if there is "a reasonable
probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors,
the result of the proceeding would have been different."
A "reasonable probability" simply means a "probability
sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome" of
the proceeding.
[State v. O'Neil, 219 N.J. 598, 611 (2014) (alteration in
original) (citations omitted) (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687-88, 694).]
"[I]n order to establish a prima facie claim, [the defendant] must do more than
make bald assertions that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel. He
must allege facts sufficient to demonstrate counsel's alleged substandard
performance." Cummings, 321 N.J. Super. at 170. The defendant must
establish, by a preponderance of the credible evidence, that he is entitled t o the
requested relief. State v. Nash, 212 N.J. 518, 541 (2013).
We review a judge's decision to deny a PCR petition without an
evidentiary hearing for abuse of discretion. State v. Brewster, 429 N.J. Super.
387, 401 (App. Div. 2013). However, where no evidentiary hearing was
conducted, "we may review the factual inferences the court has drawn from the
documentary record de novo." State v. Blake, 444 N.J. Super. 285, 294 (App.
Div. 2016). We also review de novo the trial court's conclusions of law. Ibid.
Applying the above standards, we discern no reason to reverse.
A-0750-16T2
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"In analyzing trial counsel's performance, [we] examine the law as it stood
at the time of counsel's actions, not as it subsequently developed." State v.
Goodwin, 173 N.J. 583, 597 (2002) (emphasis added). There cannot be a
cognizable ineffective assistance claim when there is not yet a recognizable legal
basis for actions the defendant claims counsel should have taken. See State v.
Fisher, 156 N.J. 494, 501 (1998).
At the time of defendant's trial, res gestae was an independent basis for
admitting other crimes or wrongs evidence. 2
Acts introduced as res gestae were not subject to a
[Rule] 404(b) analysis because . . . [they] were
considered to be a part of the subject matter of the
action being tried. As an exception to Rule 404(b),
such evidence only needed to satisfy the evidence rules
relating to relevancy and the Rule 403 [3] balance test.
[Biunno, Weissbard & Zegas, Current N.J. Rules of
Evidence, cmt. 7 on N.J.R.E. 404(b) (2018).]
2
State v. Rose, 206 N.J. 141 (2011) and State v. Goodman, 415 N.J. Super. 210
(App. Div. 2010), on which defendant relies, were decided after defendant's
conviction. Thus, they do not apply. Even if they applied, we agree with our
prior opinion that the gang affiliation evidence was admissible under Rule
404(b) and State v. Cofield, 127 N.J. 328 (1992). See State v. Roberts, No. A-
2268-10 (App. Div. Aug. 6, 2014) (slip op. at 45-51).
3 Rule 403 provides: "Except as otherwise provided by these rules or other law,
relevant evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially
outweighed by the risk of (a) undue prejudice, confusion of issues, or misleading
the jury or (b) undue delay, waste of time, or needless presentation of cumulative
evidence."
A-0750-16T2
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"In contrast to other-crimes evidence . . . res gestae evidence relates
directly to the crime for which a defendant is being tried, rather than involving
a separate crime." State v. L.P., 338 N.J. Super. 227, 235 (App. Div. 2001).
The admission of res gestae evidence "serves to paint a complete picture of the
relevant criminal transaction." Ibid. (quoting State v. Martini, 131 N.J. 176, 242
(1993)). "Thus, evidence of conduct occurring 'during the same time frame as
the crime charged in the indictment will not be excluded if the evidence
establishes the context of the criminal event, explains the nature of, or presents
the full picture of the crime to the jury.'" Ibid. (quoting State v. Cherry, 289 N.J. Super. 503, 522 (App. Div. 1995)). "Instructing the jury on the limited uses
of other-crimes evidence is unnecessary when evidence of uncharged conduct is
admitted as part of the res gestae of the crime." Ibid.; see also State v. Burden,
393 N.J. Super. 159, 170 (App. Div. 2007) (holding that "[n]o limiting
instruction is necessary when the 'other crimes' evidence was related to res
gestae").
Under this framework, the gang affiliation evidence was admissible as res
gestae evidence and no limiting instruction was necessary. The testimony
concerning defendant's association with the Latin Kings was relevant to
establishing a motive for his attack on Penalba and his role as an enforcer. The
A-0750-16T2
8
evidence painted a complete picture of the relevant criminal transaction;
established the context of the criminal event; explained the nature of; and
presented the full picture of the crime to the jury.
Further, the probative value of the gang affiliation evidence was not
outweighed by its apparent prejudice. This evidence explained why the events
occurred as they did and defendant's motive for planning and committing the
charged crimes. There was no less prejudicial evidence to prove those facts.
See State v. Oliver, 133 N.J. 141, 151 (1993) (holding that "[a]n important factor
in weighing the probative value of other-crime evidence is whether other, less-
inflammatory evidence can prove the same fact in issue"). Accordingly, defense
counsel was not ineffective in failing to object to the gang affiliation evidence
and request a limiting instruction.
In addition, defense counsel was not ineffective for failing to object to
Giorgi's testimony that the gang supported itself by selling drugs. Rule 404(b)
excludes evidence of other crimes "to prove the disposition of a person in order
to show that such person acted in conformity therewith." However, Rule 404(b)
"applies only to other acts of the defendant; thus, evidence that includes
references to bad conduct by the defendant's accomplices does not implicate this
rule." Biunno, Weissbard & Zegas, Current N.J. Rules of Evidence, cmt. 7 on
A-0750-16T2
9 N.J.R.E. 404(b) (2018) (emphasis added); see also State v. Figueroa, 358 N.J.
Super. 317, 326 (App. Div. 2003) (finding a statement that did not implicate
defendant "was not other crimes evidence as to him").
Defendant relies on State v. Mazowski, 337 N.J. Super. 275 (App. Div.
2001) and State v. Bryant, 237 N.J. Super. 102 (App. Div. 1988) to support his
argument that Giorgi's testimony should have been excluded under Rule 404(b).
However, these cases involve instances where the evidence of criminality
related specifically to the defendants who were being charged. Mazowski, 337 N.J. Super. at 283-84 (evidence that the defendant was a drug addict was not
admissible to show he had a motive to commit crimes); Bryant, 237 N.J. Super.
at 108 (testimony that an individual observed the defendant selling drugs was
not admissible where the defendant was convicted of weapons charges).
Giorgi's testimony clearly differs from the evidence presented in
Mazowski and Bryant. Giorgi did not testify that defendant sold drugs. Rather,
he made a general reference to "some" members of the Latin Kings who
volunteered to sell drugs, but made no reference to defendant and did not
specifically implicate defendant in the sale of drugs. Thus, Giorgi's testimony
did not constitute other crimes evidence as to defendant. See Figueroa, 358 N.J.
Super. at 326.
A-0750-16T2
10
Lastly, defendant argues that defense counsel was ineffective for failing
to object to evidence regarding the nature and extent of Penalba's injuries. The
complained-of evidence included Penalba's testimony about the surgeries on her
eyes and arm after the attack; the showing of her scars to the jury; her
demonstration of what occurred in the back of her car during the stabbing;
photographs showing what she looked like before and after the attack; and the
prosecutor's display of the clothing Penalba was wearing during the attack.
Demonstrative or illustrative evidence is "evidence that replicates the
actual physical evidence, or demonstrates some matter material to the case."
Rodd v. Raritan Radiologic Assocs., PA, 373 NJ. Super. 154, 165 (App. Div.
2004) (citations omitted). "There is nothing inherently improper in the use of
demonstrative or illustrative evidence." State v. Scherzer, 301 N.J. Super. 363,
434 (App. Div. 1997). Nevertheless, relevant demonstrative evidence may be
excluded if "the risk of . . . undue prejudice, confusion of issues, or misleading
the jury" substantially outweighs its probative value. N.J.R.E. 403; accord State
v. Feaster, 156 N.J. 1, 82-83 (1998).
Defense counsel was not ineffective for failing to object to the
complained-of evidence because any challenge would have failed. "The failure
to raise unsuccessful legal arguments does not constitute ineffective assistance
A-0750-16T2
11
of counsel." State v. Worlock, 117 N.J. 596, 625 (1990); see Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688.
First, defense counsel objected when the prosecutor asked Penalba to
come down from the witness stand, lie on the floor, and re-enact what occurred
in her car during the assault. Thus, defendant's argument that counsel failed to
object to this evidence is without merit.
Second, the showing of Penalba's scars was proper. To convict defendant
of aggravated assault the State had to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that
defendant attempted to or caused serious bodily injury to Penalba, "or cause[d]
such injury purposely or knowingly or under circumstances manifesting extreme
indifference to the value of human life recklessly causes such injury[.]" N.J.S.A.
2C:12-1(b)(1). Serious bodily injury is defined as "bodily injury which creates
a substantial risk of death or which causes serious, permanent disfigurement, or
protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ[.]"
N.J.S.A. 2C:11-1(b).
Penalba's showing of the scarring on her body was highly probative
because it demonstrated that the brutal attack caused permanent disfigurement.
Moreover, this evidence was not unduly prejudicial, as Penalba merely pointed
to the various parts of her body with permanent scarring from the attack. In
A-0750-16T2
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addition, Penalba's testimony about her multiple surgeries following the attack,
including surgeries intended to salvage the functioning of her right eye, was
directly relevant to the element of seriously bodily injury, and the State used it
to prove that the attack caused both permanent disfigurement and loss or
impairment of the function of her eye. This was clearly admissible.
Third, the prosecutor's display of the clothing Penalba was wearing at the
time of the attack was also relevant, as it was used to corroborate Penalba's
testimony about her injuries by demonstrating the holes and blood on the
clothing that resulted from the multiple stab wounds to her body. Such evidence
has been deemed admissible. See Feaster, 156 N.J. at 83-84 (holding victim's
blood-stained clothing was admissible, despite the claim that the evidence was
highly inflammatory and cumulative).
Further, photographs of a victim are admissible if relevant unless "their
probative value is so significantly outweighed by their inherently inflammatory
potential as to have a probable capacity to divert the minds of the jurors from a
reasonable and fair evaluation of the basic issue of guilt or innocence." State v.
Johnson, 120 N.J. 263, 297 (1990) (quoting State v. Thompson, 59 N.J. 396, 421
(1971)); State v. Micheliche, 220 N.J. Super. 532, 545 (App. Div. 1987). The
presence of blood and gruesome details in photographs do not provide automatic
A-0750-16T2
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grounds for exclusion. State v. DiFrisco, 137 N.J. 434, 500 (1994); see also
State v. Belton, 60 N.J. 103, 109 (1972).
The State used before and after photographs of Penalba to establish that
defendant's conduct was purposeful, an element of attempted murder, N.J.S.A.
2C:11-3(a)(1), (2) and N.J.S.A. 2C:5-1(a)(1), and caused Penalba to suffer
serious bodily injury, an element of aggravated assault, N.J.S.A. 2C:12-1(b)(1).
Because this evidence was critical to the State's case, the photographs were
highly probative. See DiFrisco, 137 N.J. at 500; see also State v. Conklin, 54 N.J. 540, 544-45 (1969) (holding that photographs depicting the actual condition
of bodies found and the nature and extent of injuries inflicted were admissible).
Furthermore, defendant does not allege that the photographs were gruesome, and
fails to specify how they were "excessively graphic or inflammatory" or how
their presentation to the jury was unfairly prejudicial. See Strickland 466 U.S.
at 694 (holding that "[t]he defendant must show that . . . but for counsel's
unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different").
For the foregoing reasons, defense counsel did not err in failing to object
to the complained-of evidence, because all of it was admissible. Moreover, even
if defense counsel erred in failing to object to the evidence, defendant failed to
A-0750-16T2
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demonstrate any prejudice resulting therefrom that would have changed the
outcome. O'Neil, 219 N.J. at 611.
Affirmed.
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