LORI-ANNE MICHEL v. NEW JERSEY MANUFACTURERS INSURANCE COMPANY
Annotate this CaseNOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-1102-17T3
LORI-ANNE MICHEL and
ERICH H. MICHEL,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
NEW JERSEY MANUFACTURERS
INSURANCE COMPANY,
Defendant-Respondent.
_________________________________
Argued October 30, 2018 – Decided November 15, 2018
Before Judges Rothstadt and Natali.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
Division, Passaic County, Docket No. L-1879-17.
John J. Scura, III argued the cause for appellant (Scura,
Wigfield, Heyer, Stevens & Cammarota, LLP,
attorneys; John J. Scura, III, of counsel and on the
briefs; Timothy J. Foley, on the briefs).
Daniel J. Pomeroy argued the cause for appellant
(Pomeroy Heller & Ley, LLC, attorneys; Daniel J.
Pomeroy and Karen E. Heller, on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Plaintiffs Lori-Anne Michel and Erich Michel appeal from a September
25, 2017 Law Division order dismissing their complaint under Rule 4:6-2(e),
against defendant New Jersey Manufacturers Insurance Company (NJM). The
court determined that the step-down provision in Erich's 1 NJM automobile
insurance policy's uninsured/underinsured (UM/UIM) coverage governed,
thereby limiting Lori-Anne's coverage to the amount specified in her personal
automobile insurance policy with United Services Automobile Association
(USAA). Plaintiffs also appeal from a separate order issued the same day
denying their motion to amend. We affirm.
Lori-Anne was injured while walking in a crosswalk when she was struck
by a car operated by Rosa Ludena. At the time of the accident, Rosa Ludena
was a named insured under a basic policy that did not provide bodily injury
liability coverage. Lori-Anne, however, was the named insured under the USAA
policy that provided $25,000 in UIM coverage. After Lori-Anne tendered her
claim to USAA, it offered her the full $25,000 policy limit.
1
We refer to plaintiffs by their first names to avoid any confusion created by
their common last name.
A-1102-17T3
2
Lori-Ann then pursued underinsured motorist coverage under the NJM
policy that identified only Erich as the named insured. In accordance with
Longworth v. Van Houten, 223 N.J. Super. 174 (App. Div. 1988), Lori-Anne
notified NJM of the USAA offer and NJM advised that it had no objection to
Lori-Ann accepting the offer.
The NJM policy describes "you" and "your" to "refer to the named insured
shown in the Declarations" and the named insured's "spouse . . . if a resident of
the same household . . . ." The NJM UIM endorsement defines insured as "[y]ou
or any family member." A family member is described to include "a person
related to you by . . . marriage . . . who is a resident of your household . . . ."
The endorsement further provides that NJM will pay "compensatory
damages which an insured is legally entitled to recover from the owner or
operator of an . . . underinsured motor vehicle because of . . . [b]odily injury
sustained by an insured and caused by an accident . . . " and that its "maximum
limit of liability for all damages resulting from any one accident" for
underinsured motorist coverage is $300,000. However, the endorsement
contains a step-down provision, identified in bold lettering as "LIMIT OF
LIABILITY," which provides:
1. If:
A-1102-17T3
3
a. An insured is not the named insured, but is a family
member under this policy;
b. That insured is a named insured under one or more
other policies providing similar coverage; and
c. All such other policies have a limit of liability for
similar coverage which is less than the limit of
liability for this this coverage;
then [NJM's] maximum limit of liability for that
insured, for all damages resulting from any one
accident, shall not exceed the highest applicable limit
of liability under any insurance providing coverage to
that insured as a named insured.
By letter dated October 27, 2016, NJM denied plaintiffs' claim. NJM
determined the step-down language applied because Lori-Anne was an "insured"
"family member" under the NJM policy and a named insured under the USAA
policy, which provided coverage similar to the NJM policy. In June 2017, Lori-
Anne and Erich commenced an action against NJM seeking UIM benefits. In
count one of the complaint, plaintiffs alleged NJM breached its contract ,
claiming Lori-Anne was entitled to the entire $300,000 policy limit because she
was a "named insured" under the NJM policy. Count two sought damages for
Erich's loss of consortium and count three claimed NJM breached the implied
covenant of good faith and fair dealing when handling Lori-Anne's claim.
A-1102-17T3
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Instead of answering the complaint, NJM filed a motion to dismiss under
Rule 4:6-2(e). NJM argued that the express language of its policy reduced Lori-
Anne's coverage. Plaintiffs opposed the motion and maintained that Lori-Anne
was not subject to the step-down provision because she identified as a named
insured under the NJM policy and despite being married to Erich was not his
family member. They also cross-moved to amend the complaint "to add
additional facts based on NJM's continued breach of its contractual obligations,
bad faith and breach of its duty of good faith and fair dealing" and to clarify
Erich's loss of consortium claim.
After hearing oral arguments, the court granted NJM's motion, dismissed
the complaint, and denied plaintiffs' cross-motion. The court concluded that the
"clear and concise terms of the NJM policy" established that "Lori-Anne Michel
is an insured, not a named insured, under the UIM provision of th[e] policy, and
thus the 'step[-]down' limitations" applied to limit her recovery to the $25,000
limit of her USAA policy. Further, the court concluded that Erich's per quod
claim was derivative of Lori-Anne's claim and was subject to the same liability
limit. Finally, the court found "no basis to permit an amendment" of the
complaint.
A-1102-17T3
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On appeal, plaintiffs argue the trial court incorrectly interpreted the NJM
policy contrary to their reasonable expectations. Specifically, plaintiffs again
maintain that Lori-Anne was a named insured under the NJM policy and was not
a family member. On this point, plaintiffs argue that because the NJM policy
defines "you and your" to include Erich as the named insured and Lori-Anne as
the resident spouse both should be considered named insureds and not subject
to the step-down clause.
Separately, plaintiffs note that the step-down provision applies only to an
insured who is not the named insured but who is a family member. Because
family member is defined to include a resident of "your" household related to
"you" by marriage, plaintiffs allege the step-down provision is inapplicable to
Lori-Anne because she is not a family member as she cannot be related to
herself.
Having considered these arguments in light of the record and applicable
legal principles, we conclude that Lori-Anne is not a named insured under the
NJM policy but is an insured family member and therefore subject to the step -
down provision in the NJM policy.
A trial court’s decision to dismiss a complaint pursuant to Rule 4:6-2(e)
is subject to de novo review. Scheidt v. DRS Techs., Inc., 424 N.J. Super. 188,
A-1102-17T3
6
193 (App. Div. 2012) (citing Donato v. Moldow, 374 N.J. Super. 475, 483 (App.
Div. 2005)). On appeal, the test is whether the non-moving party has alleged
facts sufficient to "suggest" a cause of action. Craig v. Suburban Cablevision,
Inc., 140 N.J. 623, 626 (1995) (quoting Velantzas v. Colgate-Palmolive Co., 109 N.J. 189, 192 (1988)). "Plaintiffs are entitled to every reasonable inference in
their favor," ibid., but "conclusory allegations are insufficient" to survive a
motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.
Scheidt, 424 N.J. Super. at 193 (citing Printing Mart-Morristown v. Sharp Elec.
Corp., 116 N.J. 739, 768 (1989)).
Our analysis is guided by well-established principles concerning
interpretation of insurance contracts. As a general rule, "[a]n insurance policy
is a contract that will be enforced as written when its terms are clear [and] in
order that the expectations of the parties will be fulfilled." Flomerfelt v.
Cardiello, 202 N.J. 432, 441 (2010). When an ambiguity does exist, the
ambiguity is resolved against the insurer and in favor of coverage. Kopp v.
Newark Ins. Co., 204 N.J. Super. 415, 420 (App. Div. 1985). However, "not
every 'far-fetched interpretation of a policy will be sufficient to create an
ambiguity requiring coverage' . . . ." Mem'l Props., LLC v. Zurich Am. Ins. Co.,
210 N.J. 512, 528 (2012) (quoting Cobra Prods., Inc. v. Fed. Ins. Co., 317 N.J.
A-1102-17T3
7 Super. 392, 400-01 (App. Div. 1998)). "A genuine ambiguity exists when the
'phrasing of the policy is so confusing that the average policyholder cannot make
out the boundaries of coverage.'" Simonetti v. Selective Ins. Co., 372 N.J.
Super. 421, 428-29 (App. Div. 2004) (quoting Lee v. Gen. Accident Ins. Co.,
337 N.J. Super. 509, 513 (App. Div. 2001)).
Guided by these principles, we are not persuaded by plaintiffs' argument
that Lori-Anne is a named insured under the NJM policy. Rather, she is an
insured family member covered for UIM benefits up to the limits of her USAA
policy. "[T]he term 'named insured' is self-defining." Botti v. CNA Ins. Co.,
361 N.J. Super. 217, 226 (App. Div. 2003). It "refers only to the names so
appearing in the declaration." Ibid. (citation omitted). Here, the only name
appearing on the declaration page is Erich Michel.
By contrast, the term "insured" is defined by the endorsement as "[y]ou or
any family member." "You" and "your" refers to the "named insured shown in
the Declarations; and . . . [t]he spouse . . . if a resident of the same household."
Plaintiffs' argument that NJM's "deliberate lumping of the named insured and
their spouse as 'you and your' creates the reasonable expectation" that they are
to be treated as one for purposes of the contract is misplaced. The NJM policy
clearly characterized Erich and Lori-Anne differently for UIM purposes. Erich
A-1102-17T3
8
is indisputably the named insured "shown on the Declarations" (consistent with
Botti) and Lori-Anne is separately described as an insured as she is Erich's
spouse and a "resident of the same household."
We similarly reject Lori-Anne's claim that she is not a "family member"
as she is "related to" Erich by marriage who is a resident of her household. There
is nothing in the NJM policy to suggest that an insured is limited to a single
designation. Lori-Anne can be correctly characterized as "you" and also
someone who is a "family member" as she is unquestionably related to Erich,
the named insured, by marriage, who also resides in her household.
We also reject plaintiffs' reasonable expectation of coverage argument
because the NJM policy is not "so confusing that the average policyholder
cannot make out the boundaries of coverage." See Simonetti, 372 N.J. Super. at
428-29 (quoting Lee, 337 N.J. Super. at 513). Plaintiffs' reasonable expectation
with respect to who is a "named insured" is informed by the declarations page
on the NJM policy, which identifies only Erich, and by the fact that Lori-Anne
purchased a separate policy with USAA, which listed only her as the named
insured. With respect to plaintiffs' claim that Lori-Anne is not a family member,
we conclude an average husband or wife policyholder would expect to be
A-1102-17T3
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included within the family member term when it is defined to include a person
related to "you by . . . marriage."
Finally, as noted, plaintiffs also appeal from the dismissal of count three
of the complaint, Erich's per quod claim and the denial of their motion to amend.
Because plaintiffs failed to brief these issues, we consider the arguments waived.
See Seeward v. Integrity, Inc., 357 N.J. Super. 474, 479 n.3 (App. Div. 2003).
To the extent not addressed, plaintiffs' remaining arguments lack
sufficient merit to warrant discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).
Affirmed.
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