Sara M. Slatery v. Northeast Mississippi Contract Procurement, Inc.
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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 1999-CA-00030-SCT
SARA M. SLATERY
v.
NORTHEAST MISSISSIPPI CONTRACT PROCUREMENT, INC., THOMAS
L. STENNIS, LOUISE CAMPBELL, MAURICE SMITH, MORRIS DENTON,
MARK LEONARD AND CHARLEIGH FORD
DATE OF JUDGMENT:
TRIAL JUDGE:
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES:
12/04/1998
HON. LEE J. HOWARD
LOWNDES COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
GARY L. GEESLIN
TAYLOR B. SMITH
BERKLEY N. HUSKISON
CIVIL - CONTRACT
AFFIRMED - 09/16/1999
NATURE OF THE CASE:
DISPOSITION:
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
10/07/99
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE SULLIVAN, P.J., BANKS AND WALLER, JJ.
WALLER, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Sara Slatery filed a lawsuit against her employer, Northeast Mississippi Contract Procurement, Inc., and
the members of its Board of Directors. The complaint contained causes of action for wrongful and tortious
termination of employment, breach of contract and breach of an implied covenant of good faith and fair
dealing. Slatery appeals from the lower court's grant of the defendants' motion for summary judgment.
Finding no error in the trial court's judgment, we affirm.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS
¶2. The Northeast Mississippi Contract Procurement Center, Inc., is a non-profit corporation chartered in
1987. The Procurement Center was established to promote economic development in Northeast
Mississippi by instructing and helping businesses to obtain government contracts. It is governed by a Board
of Directors which is empowered to employ an Executive Director to "carry out the purposes and functions
of the corporation subject to the pleasure of the Board of Directors." Sara Slatery accepted a position of
employment as Procurement Director, a position which was later renamed "Executive Director," in March
of 1988. She neither had a contract of employment with the Procurement Center, nor was she hired for any
specific period of time. Slatery managed the day-to-day operations of the Procurement Center, including
drafting a personnel policies and procedures manual ("employee handbook"). Slatery testified in her
deposition and by affidavit offered in opposition of summary judgment that she was asked to draft the
employee handbook by William Boyd,
who was at that time president of the non-profit corporation. Slatery also averred that Boyd later reviewed
and approved the employee handbook. It contained a certificate to be signed by each employee
acknowledging that he had received a copy of the employee handbook, was familiar with its terms, and
agreed to abide therewith. Slatery executed a copy of this certificate, which was later found in her
employment file. Each member of the Defendant Board of Directors provided an affidavit stating that the
employee handbook was never "approved" or "adopted" by the Board. Slatery admitted this fact in her
deposition.
¶3. Because the Procurement Center began to experience financial difficulties in 1992, the Board of
Directors began to discuss merging with the North Mississippi Industrial Development Association
[hereinafter "NMIDA"], or dissolving the non-profit corporation and letting the NMIDA take over the
functions of the Procurement Center. In 1997, William Boyd resigned as President, and Thomas Stennis
was elected to replace him. Stennis also served as the Executive Director of the NMIDA. The Board of
Directors entered into a management contract with the NMIDA on July 28, 1998. Under the terms of the
contract, all employees of the Procurement Center, including Slatery, were terminated.
DISCUSSION OF LAW
¶4. Rule 56(c) of the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure allows entry of summary judgment where there is
no genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is entitled to summary judgment as a matter of law.
M.R.C.P. 56(c). This Court's standard of review for the grant or denial of summary judgment is de novo;
therefore, "the lower court's decision is reversed only if it appears that triable issues of fact remain when the
facts are viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party." Robinson v. Singing River Hosp.
Sys., 732 So. 2d 204, 207 (Miss. 1999) (citing Box v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 692 So. 2d
54, 56 (Miss.1997)).
¶5. Mississippi has long followed the employment at-will doctrine where an employee may quit or be
terminated from his job for good reason, bad reason, or no reason at all. See, e.g., Bobbitt v. The
Orchard, Ltd., 603 So. 2d 356 (Miss. 1992); Brown v. Inter-City Federal Bank for Sav., 1999 WL
27560, *2 (Miss. Ct. App. Jan. 26, 1999). No. 97-CA-00868COA. There are, however, exceptions to
the employment at-will doctrine. In Bobbitt, this Court held that where an employer published and
distributed a handbook to all employees, the employer had created a contractual obligation to follow the
policies and procedures outlined in the handbook, even absent a written employment contract. 603 So. 2d
at 361. Similarly, in this case, Slatery alleges that her employment status was modified by the existence of
the employee handbook.
¶6. When viewed in the light most favorable to Slatery, the facts of this case do not support her allegation
that the Board of Directors "adopted" or "approved" the employee handbook. Even Slatery admits this is
so. Nevertheless, she alleges in her affidavit and in her deposition that the handbook was approved by
Boyd, her "supervisor." While it is true that actions of officers with apparent authority to act on behalf of the
corporation may bind a corporation, see Baxter, Porter & Sons Well Servicing Co. v. Venture Oil
Co., 488 So. 2d 793 (Miss. 1986), this is not a case of apparent authority. Slatery herself drafted the
employee handbook. The first provision of the handbook is that "[t]he Board of Directors is responsible for
the adoption . . . of all personnel policies." Therefore, Slatery knew that the handbook could not be
adopted without approval of the Board of Directors, and she readily admits the Board did not adopt the
handbook. She therefore cannot now claim that she believed Boyd had the authority to adopt the handbook
on behalf of the corporation. Since there was no employee handbook to modify her employment at-will
status, we find that no material issue of fact exists as to Slatery's status as an at-will employee. We also find
Slatery's claim for breach of an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing to be without merit. See
Hartle v. Packard Elec., 626 So. 2d 106 (Miss. 1993); Perry v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 508 So. 2d
1086 (Miss. 1987). We affirm the grant of summary judgment.
¶7. AFFIRMED.
SULLIVAN AND PITTMAN, P.JJ., BANKS, McRAE, SMITH, MILLS
AND COBB, JJ., CONCUR. PRATHER, C.J., NOT PARTICIPATING.
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