Demarious Latwan Banyard v. State of Mississippi
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2006-KA-01843-COA
DEMARIOUS LATWAN BANYARD A/K/A LIL
MURRAY A/K/A MUR-MUR
APPELLANT
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
DATE OF JUDGMENT:
TRIAL JUDGE:
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT:
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:
DISTRICT ATTORNEY:
NATURE OF THE CASE:
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION:
DISPOSITION:
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
APPELLEE
8/7/2006
HON. TOMIE T. GREEN
HINDS COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
WILLIAM R. LABARRE
JAMES ADAM POWERS
VIRGINIA LYNN WATKINS
OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: LADONNA C. HOLLAND
ELEANOR FAYE PETERSON
CRIMINAL - FELONY
CONVICTED OF CAPITAL MURDER AND
SENTENCED TO LIFE IMPRISONMENT IN
THE CUSTODY OF THE MISSISSIPPI
DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS
WITHOUT ELIGIBILITY FOR PAROLE
AFFIRMED: 3/10/2009
BEFORE KING, C.J., GRIFFIS AND CARLTON, JJ.
KING, C.J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1.
Demarious Latwan Banyard was convicted of capital murder for killing Robin Eric
Ballad during the commission of an armed robbery. The Circuit Court of Hinds County
sentenced Banyard to serve a term of life imprisonment, without eligibility for parole, in the
custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections (MDOC). Banyard appeals his
conviction and raises the following three issues:
I. Whether the trial court erred by refusing to give Banyard’s jury instructions
regarding manslaughter as a lesser-included offense of capital murder,
II. Whether the trial court erred by refusing to give Banyard’s jury instruction
regarding duress as a defense to capital murder, and
III. Whether the trial court erred by denying Banyard’s motion to appoint an
expert to testify regarding influence and intimidation.
Finding no error, we affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2.
On February 24, 2003, a group of teenagers was playing basketball at the Westwick
Apartments in Jackson, Mississippi. After the basketball game, an unidentified male ran to
the basketball court; informed the other teenagers that Ballard, the pizza deliveryman, was
at the apartment complex; and suggested that they rob him.
¶3.
Upon hearing the news, nineteen-year-old Dennis Ragsdale, Jr., retrieved a gun from
his jeep. Traven Kyser, one of the teenagers at the basketball court, testified that Ragsdale
cocked the gun and took out the clip. Then, Ragsdale approached thirteen-year-old Banyard
and said, “Let’s go rob the pizza man.” Kyser stated that Banyard looked hesitant to oblige
Ragsdale’s request, but Ragsdale “push[ed]” Banyard to participate.
¶4.
Banyard testified that he did not want to rob the pizza deliveryman. However, he was
afraid of Ragsdale because Ragsdale had a gun, and he and Ragsdale were involved in a
physical altercation earlier that year. Banyard testified that Ragsdale handed the gun to him
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and told him that it was unloaded. Then, Ragsdale walked really close to Banyard as they
approached Ballard’s car, which was resting at a stop sign at the apartment complex’s
entryway.
¶5.
When they got to the car, Banyard went to the driver’s side, and Ragsdale went to the
passenger side. Ragsdale demanded that Ballard give him the money. Ragsdale was
unsuccessful in his attempt, so he went around to the driver’s side of the car. Banyard
testified that while handing the gun to Ragsdale, his finger tapped the trigger, and the gun
fired. Banyard testified that Ragsdale began laughing and then fled the scene, and Banyard
also ran away.
¶6.
Several of the apartment complex’s residents saw the boys running from the
entryway. Shameka Williams testified that she saw Banyard walk to the driver’s side of the
car and stick a gun into the car. However, Williams did not hear the gunshot because she
was sitting in her car with the radio on. Monica Dear testified that while waiting in the car
for her boyfriend, Ray Green, she saw Ballard leaving the complex and saw a group of boys
running toward the entryway. Dear told Green that she saw a boy running with a gun.
However, Green testified that he did not see a boy with a gun.
¶7.
Green and Dear drove to the entryway to exit the apartment complex and pulled up
behind a black Chevy Malibu, which was resting at the stop sign. The black Chevy Malibu
did not move, and a line of cars began to form at the entryway. Impatient, several drivers
began blowing their car horns. Green testified that he got out of his car to see what was
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going on. When he approached the black Chevy Malibu, he saw Ballard had a bullet wound
in his neck and was slumped over and bleeding. Witnesses called the police and stayed at
the apartment complex until an ambulance arrived.
¶8.
Ballard was pronounced dead at the scene. The police questioned witnesses, and they
identified Banyard as a suspect. Banyard turned himself in to the police later that night and
gave a statement, which implicated himself and Ragsdale in the crime.
¶9.
A Hinds County grand jury indicted Banyard and Ragsdale for capital murder and
armed robbery. Banyard filed a motion to sever, which the trial court granted. Banyard also
filed a motion to transfer jurisdiction to youth court, which the trial court denied. Banyard
filed another motion to appoint an expert to testify regarding his propensity to be vulnerable
to suggestion and influence. The trial court denied the motion, stating that the issues of
influence and intimidation were not relevant to Banyard’s capital murder charge. The trial
court also denied several of Banyard’s proposed jury instructions – five jury instructions
regarding manslaughter as a lesser-included offense of capital murder and one jury
instruction regarding duress as a defense to capital murder.
¶10.
On August 7, 2006, a Hinds County jury found Banyard guilty of capital murder, and
he was sentenced to serve a term of life imprisonment, without eligibility for parole, in the
custody of the MDOC. Banyard filed a motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict
or, in the alternative, a new trial, which the trial court denied. Aggrieved, Banyard timely
filed this appeal.
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ANALYSIS
I. Whether the trial court erred by refusing to give Banyard’s jury
instructions regarding manslaughter as a lesser-included offense of
capital murder.
¶11.
This Court reviews the trial court’s refusal of jury instructions to determine whether
the jury instructions given were fair instructions, which accurately stated the law. See Foley
v. State, 914 So. 2d 677, 686 (¶14) (Miss. 2005). This Court reads the jury instructions
actually given as a whole. Wells v. State, 913 So. 2d 1053, 1059 (¶21) (Miss. Ct. App. 2005)
(quoting Conners v. State, 822 So. 2d 290, 292 (¶5) (Miss. Ct. App. 2001)). If the jury
instructions given fairly announce the law of the case and create no injustice, no reversible
error will be found. Id.
¶12.
Banyard argues that the trial court erred by refusing his proposed jury instructions
regarding manslaughter as a lesser-included offense of capital murder. A defendant is
entitled to have jury instructions that present his theory of the case. Mayes v. State, 925 So.
2d 130, 133 (¶6) (Miss. Ct. App. 2005). “A lesser[-]included[-]offense instruction should
be given, on request, ‘if a rational’ or a ‘reasonable’ jury could find the defendant not guilty
of the principal offense charged in the indictment yet guilty of the lesser[-]included offense.”
Arthur v. State, 735 So. 2d 213, 218 (¶25) (Miss. 1999) (quoting Ballenger v. State, 667 So.
2d 1242, 1254 (Miss. 1995)). However, the trial court may refuse a jury instruction because
the instruction incorrectly states the law, is duplicative, or there is no evidentiary basis for
giving the instruction. Mayes, 925 So. 2d at 133 (¶6).
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¶13.
Banyard claims that he accidentally shot and killed Ballard. In line with his theory,
Banyard requested that the trial court give five jury instructions regarding manslaughter as
a lesser-included offense of capital murder – D-9, D-10, D-11, D-12, and D-14. The trial
court refused to give the instructions, stating that they were improper statements of the law,
and we agree.
¶14.
Banyard killed Ballard during the commission of a robbery. Whether Banyard
intended to kill Ballard is not relevant in this case. See Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-19(2)(e)
(Rev. 2006); see also Ramsey v. State, 959 So. 2d 15, 23 (¶17) (Miss. Ct. App. 2006)
(finding that the statute does not require the State to prove that the defendant intended to kill
the victim during the course of a robbery).
¶15.
Further, Mississippi Code Annotated section 97-3-27 (Rev. 2006) provides the
following:
The killing of a human being without malice, by the act, procurement, or
culpable negligence of another, while such other is engaged in the perpetration
of any felony, except those felonies enumerated in Section 97-3-19(2)(e) and
(f), or while such other is attempting to commit any felony besides such as are
above enumerated and excepted, shall be manslaughter.
(Emphasis added). Section 97-3-27 precludes a manslaughter instruction for those felonies
specifically enumerated in Mississippi Code Annotated section 97-3-19(2)(e), one of which
is robbery.
¶16.
Since Banyard killed Ballard during the commission of a robbery, he was not entitled
to a manslaughter instruction. See Simmons v. State, 805 So. 2d 452, 474 (¶32) (Miss. 2001)
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(citing Burns v. State, 729 So. 2d 203, 225 (¶103) (Miss. 1998)). Therefore, we find that the
trial court did not err by refusing Banyard’s lesser-included-offense instructions regarding
manslaughter. This argument is without merit.
II. Whether the trial court erred by refusing to give Banyard’s duress
instruction.
¶17.
Banyard argues that the trial court erred by refusing his duress instruction because he
was entitled to present his defense to the jury. Conversely, the State argues that the trial
court properly refused the duress instruction because duress is not a defense to murder. The
State also contends that there is no evidence of duress in this case.
¶18.
As discussed in the previous assignment of error, a defendant is entitled to have a jury
instruction that presents his theory of the case. Mayes, 925 So. 2d at 133 (¶6). However,
the trial court may refuse the instruction if it incorrectly states the law or there is no
evidentiary basis for giving the instruction. Id.
¶19.
Banyard’s proffered jury instruction D-13 reads as follows:
The Court instructs the jury that in order for duress to be a defense to
a criminal charge, the impelling danger must be present, imminent, and
impending, and such a nature as to induce in a person well-grounded
apprehension of death or serious bodily harm if the act is not done and that the
danger to the defendant must be continuous.
If you find from the evidence that Demarious Banyard acted under
coercion and duress and the coercion and duress was created by Dennis
Ragsdale and that the coercion and duress was present, imminent, and
impending and induced Demarious Banyard[’s] apprehension of death or
serious bodily injury if he did not comply with Dennis Ragsdale’s wishes and
that such apprehension was continuous throughout the commission by him of
the criminal act, then you should find Demarious Banyard not guilty of capital
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murder.
If you find Demarious Banyard not guilty of capital murder, then you
may proceed with your deliberations whether he is guilty of manslaughter.
If you find from the evidence that Robin Ballard was killed by the act,
procurement, or culpable negligence of Demarious Banyard and without
authority of law, then you should find him guilty of manslaughter.
The trial court denied the instruction, finding that it was an improper statement of the law.
The trial court also stated that defense counsel could argue duress to the jury. However, the
trial court refused to give the duress instruction because the trial court was giving an
instruction on murder as a lesser-included offense and determined that this was sufficient.
¶20.
We find that instruction D-13 was an improper statement of the law. Banyard’s
duress instruction also included a manslaughter instruction. As discussed in the previous
assignment of error, Banyard was not entitled to a manslaughter instruction in this case
because he killed Ballard during the commission of a robbery. See Simmons, 805 So. 2d at
474 (¶32). Therefore, the trial court did not err by refusing to give instruction D-13 because
it was an improper statement of the law.
¶21.
We also find that there was not an evidentiary basis to support Banyard’s duress
instruction. Banyard claims that he participated in the robbery under duress created by
Ragsdale. Banyard testified that he was afraid of Ragsdale because Ragsdale had beaten him
up earlier that year, and he was afraid that Ragsdale would shoot him with the gun.
However, Banyard also testified that Ragsdale did not threaten to kill him or anyone in his
family. Banyard simply stated that Ragsdale was looking serious and mean when he asked
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him to rob Ballard. Banyard also testified that Ragsdale placed the gun, which he believed
was unloaded, in his hands. Banyard stated that he was afraid that Ragsdale would put a
bullet in the gun and shoot him. However, Banyard had the weapon in his hands. The
testimony does not indicate that Ragsdale had another gun or bullets on his person. Based
on the foregoing, we find that Banyard did not present any evidence that the alleged threat
was, as stated in his proposed jury instruction, an “impelling danger [that was] present,
imminent, and impending, and such a nature as to induce in a person well-grounded
apprehension of death or serious bodily harm if the act is not done,” and he failed to present
evidence that he did not have a reasonable opportunity to avoid participating in the crime.
¶22.
This Court recognizes that a trial court should give a defendant’s jury instruction that
presents his theory of the case when the defendant has presented sufficient evidence to
support his theory. Walker v. State, 913 So. 2d 198, 235-36 (¶138) (Miss. 2005). However,
“[w]hether [the defendant] has met this standard is a matter of law and not a matter of fact
for the jury to decide, unless [the defendant] presented sufficient evidence in the record to
support [the] same.” Id. at 236 (¶138). Ultimately, jury instruction D-13 was an improper
statement of the law, and Banyard failed to present sufficient evidence to warrant giving a
duress instruction. After reviewing the jury instructions actually given as a whole, we find
that the instructions given fairly announced the law and did not create an injustice to
Banyard. Therefore, we find that the trial court did not err by refusing proposed jury
instruction D-13.
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III. Whether the trial court erred by denying Banyard’s motion to
appoint an expert to testify regarding influence and intimidation.
¶23.
This Court reviews the trial court’s denial of expert assistance under an abuse of
discretion standard. See Flora v. State, 925 So. 2d 797, 805 (¶11) (Miss. 2006). The trial
court must consider a motion for expert assistance on a case-by-case basis. See Gray v.
State, 926 So. 2d 961, 976-77 (¶50) (Miss. Ct. App. 2006). The trial court, in its sound
discretion, should grant a motion for expert assistance upon a showing of substantial need.
Flora, 925 So. 2d at 805 (¶11) (citing King v. State, 784 So. 2d 884, 888 (¶17) (Miss. 2001)).
This Court will not disturb the trial court’s denial of a motion for expert assistance unless
“the defendant was denied due process whereby the trial was fundamentally unfair.” Id.
(citing Richardson v. State, 767 So. 2d 195, 197 (¶7) (Miss. 2000)).
¶24.
In its motion, defense counsel asked the trial court to appoint Dr. Criss Lott to
evaluate Banyard regarding his susceptibility to intimidation, suggestion, and influence,
claiming that the results would go to negate Banyard’s criminal intent to participate in the
robbery. The trial court denied the motion, stating that the issue was not relevant. In
addition, the trial court stated that Banyard’s results from his mental examination showed
that he knew right from wrong, and he was not mentally ill.
¶25.
Banyard argues that the trial court erred by refusing to appoint the expert because
Banyard’s age and defense of duress presented a unique case, and the expert testimony was
necessary to aid the jury. Conversely, the State argues that the trial court did not err by
refusing to appoint the expert, stating that expert assistance was not necessary since there
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was no evidence of duress in Banyard’s case.
¶26.
Based on our review of the record, we fail to see how the trial court’s denial of
Banyard’s motion to appoint an expert to testify regarding Banyard’s susceptibility to
intimidation, suggestion, and influence was fundamentally unfair. Banyard was allowed to
present this evidence to the jury. Banyard testified that he was only thirteen years old at the
time of the incident and that Ragsdale was nineteen years old. Banyard also testified that he
was afraid of Ragsdale because Ragsdale had beaten him up earlier that year. This evidence
was sufficient to present Banyard’s theory of intimidation to the jury. Expert testimony was
not necessary to explain this point.
¶27.
We find that expert assistance was not necessary to explain Banyard’s theory of
susceptibility to intimidation, suggestion, and influence. We cannot find that Banyard’s trial
was fundamentally unfair. Therefore, we find that the trial court did not err by denying
Banyard’s motion to appoint the expert.
CONCLUSION
¶28.
We find that Banyard was not entitled to a manslaughter instruction in this case
because he killed Ballard during the commission of a robbery. We also find that Banyard
was not entitled to an instruction on duress because the instruction was an improper
statement of the law, and he failed to present sufficient evidence to warrant giving the
instruction. Last, we find that expert assistance was not necessary to explain Banyard’s
potential susceptibility to intimidation, suggestion, and influence. Therefore, we find that
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the trial court did not err in its rulings below and affirm.
¶29. THE JUDGMENT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF HINDS COUNTY OF
CONVICTION OF CAPITAL MURDER AND SENTENCE OF LIFE
IMPRISONMENT IN THE CUSTODY OF THE MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF
CORRECTIONS WITHOUT ELIGIBILITY FOR PAROLE IS AFFIRMED. ALL
COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO HINDS COUNTY.
LEE AND MYERS, P.JJ., GRIFFIS, BARNES, ISHEE, ROBERTS AND
CARLTON, JJ., CONCUR. IRVING, J., CONCURS IN PART AND RESULT
WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.
MAXWELL, J., NOT
PARTICIPATING.
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