Susan Soileau v. Mississippi Coast Coliseum Commission
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
OF THE
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 97-CA-01409 COA
SUSAN SOILEAU
v.
MISSISSIPPI COAST COLISEUM COMMISSION
APPELLANT
APPELLEE
DATE OF JUDGMENT:
09/22/97
TRIAL JUDGE:
HON. KOSTA N. VLAHOS
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HARRISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
FOR APPELLANT:
JOHN B. PERRY
JOHN B. PERRY
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:
STEPHEN PERESICH
KAARA L. LISKOW
NATURE OF THE CASE:
CIVIL - STATE BOARDS AND AGENCIES
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION:
SUMMARY JUDGMENT GRANTED IN FAVOR OF
DEFENDANT
DISPOSITION:
AFFIRMED - 12/08/1998
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
CERTIORARI FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
2/8/99
BEFORE McMILLIN, P.J., COLEMAN, AND SOUTHWICK, JJ.
SOUTHWICK, J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Susan Soileau, joined by her husband, Michael Soileau, brought suit for injuries she sustained while
attending a concert at the Mississippi Coast Coliseum. The circuit judge dismissed the complaint due to the
Soileaus' failure to comply with the notice provisions of the Mississippi Tort Claims Act. The Soileaus
appeal arguing that this was error. We disagree and affirm.
FACTS
¶2. On October 14, 1995, Susan and Michael Soileau were attending a Bob Dylan concert held at the
Mississippi Coast Coliseum. While making her way to the refreshment area, Susan tripped over an
uncovered electrical cable which was lying unsecured on the floor. She fell and injured her left knee. The
Soileaus sought medical attention from the emergency medical technician on duty at the Coliseum and filled
out an incident report which described the accident. This incident report was signed by the Coliseum's chief
executive director, Bill Holmes. Susan was also interviewed by counsel for the Coliseum, who prepared a
narrative based on Susan's account. The Soileaus then left the concert in order to have Susan's knee xrayed at an emergency room.
¶3. Three months later, on January 16, 1996, the Soileaus' attorney mailed a letter addressed to the
"Mississippi Coast Coliseum" advising of his representation of the Soileaus and requesting that the letter be
forwarded to the Coliseum's insurance carrier. Between January and September of 1996, the Soileaus'
attorney corresponded with the attorney for the Coliseum and the Coliseum's insurance adjuster. On
September 12, 1996, the Soileaus submitted copies of Susan's medical records and bills to the adjuster,
demanding $20,885 in settlement of the claim.
¶4. After efforts to settle the claim failed, the Soileaus filed suit on November 1, 1996, against the
Mississippi Coast Coliseum Commission and the concert promoter, Leas Campbell Presents. The
complaint was later amended to dismiss Michael Soileau's loss of consortium claim. In their answer, the
Coliseum and Leas Campbell Presents argued that the Soileaus had failed to comply with the notice
provisions of the Mississippi Tort Claims Act. The Act mandates that notice of a claim against a
governmental entity be given to its chief executive officer at least ninety days prior to the filing of a lawsuit.
The Coliseum filed a motion for summary judgment on September 5, 1997, arguing that the Soileaus had
failed to give the requisite notice to Bill Holmes, the chief executive officer of the Coliseum. The Soileaus
responded by arguing that the chief executive officer had notice, which was given through the incident report
prepared by the Coliseum and the correspondence exchanged between their attorney, the Coliseum's
attorney, and the Coliseum's insurance adjuster.
¶5. Following a hearing held on September 22, 1997, the circuit judge granted the Coliseum's motion for
summary judgment. The court found that the statute was jurisdictional, and as a result of the Soileaus' failure
to comply with its notice provisions, the court had no jurisdiction over their claim. A final judgment
dismissing Susan Soileau's claim was entered on October 15, 1997. This appeal does not concern any
liability of the promoter, Leas Campbell Presents.
DISCUSSION
Compliance with Section 11-46-11
¶6. Soileau claims that the initial incident report, coupled with the correspondence between her attorney, the
Coliseum's attorney, and the Coliseum's insurance adjuster constitutes compliance with the notice provisions
of the Mississippi Tort Claims Act. The argument is that through a variety of documents the Coliseum had
all the notice required by the Act.
¶7. Before discussing each element of notice, we will examine the purpose of the notice provisions. It is to
give the chief executive officer of a governmental entity formal, advance notice of planned litigation against
it. City of Jackson v. Lumpkin, 697 So.2d 1179, 1181 (Miss. 1997). "Notice provisions encourage
settlement of claims prior to entering litigation, therefore conserving valuable governmental resources.
Further, notice to the governmental entity encourages corrective actions, where necessary, prior to litigation,
therefore benefitting public health and welfare." Vortice v. Fordice, 711 So.2d 894, 896 (Miss. 1998).
¶8. The statute states this:
(1) . . . ninety (90) days prior to maintaining an action thereon, such person shall file a notice of claim
with the chief executive officer of the governmental entity . . . .
(2) The notice of claim required by subsection (1) of this section shall be in writing, delivered in
person or by registered or certified United States mail. Every notice of claim shall contain a short and
plain statement of the facts upon which the claim is based, including the circumstances which brought
about the injury, the time and place the injury occurred, the names of all persons known to be
involved, the amount of money damages sought and the residence of the person making the claim at
the time of the injury and at the time of filing the notice.
Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11 (Supp. 1998).
¶9. The statute has separate requirements of form, relevant information, mode of delivery, and recipient.
We will examine each.
¶10. 1. Form. The statutory language implies a single document. We draw that inference from the fact that
"notice" is to be mailed or delivered 90 days before suit, which would appear to be one delivery or mailing
at that time. Every "notice of claim" is to contain certain things, again implying that there is one notice. If the
governmental entity is going to know that the final step of the pre-litigation process is being invoked, the
notice of that would best gather together in one delivery all the components that are required. That is not to
say that one delivery could not include a central document with attachments.
¶11. Even if a claimant could comply with the Act by submitting several documents that when joined
comprise a single "notice of claim," we do not find that the documents can be delivered over a several
month period during prelitigation communications. The notice is the announcement that suit is imminent if
agreement is not reached. Diffused, even somewhat confused notice staggered over months of contacts
does not provide the certain notice required under the statute.
¶12. Finally as to form, we hold that the notice by a claimant must in fact be sent by the claimant. The
incident report prepared by the Coliseum itself, even if based on an interview with the claimants, is not the
notice which the Act contemplates. An incident report prepared by the Coliseum as part of its standard
procedure for dealing with injuries sustained on the premises, does not provide "notice" that a lawsuit is
imminent. An interview with the claimant conducted by a news reporter, printed in the local newspaper, and
read by the chief executive officer, would provide equivalent notice as was given here and would be
similarly divorced from the formal notice procedure required by the statute. Aside from the Coliseum's own
report, Soileau can point to nothing which provides the requisite information.
¶13. 2. Required Information. In order to comply with the Act, certain information must be contained in
the notice of claim. It must contain "a short and plain statement of the facts upon which the claim is based,
including the circumstances which brought about the injury, the extent of the injury, the time and place the
injury occurred, the names of all persons known to be involved, the amount of money damages sought and
the residence of the person making the claim at the time of the injury and at the time of filing the notice."
Miss. Code Ann.§ 11-46-11 (Supp. 1998).
¶14. Soileau claims that the incident report, along with the correspondence regarding the accident,
sufficiently provides this information. We have already discussed why the incident report prepared on the
night of the accident cannot substitute for the formal notice that is supposed to be given by the claimant on
the eve of suit. Moreover, no single document or single delivery of documents and attachments contains the
necessary information. The extent of injuries and the amount of money damages is not in the incident report,
and arguably these were indeterminable at that early stage. Soileau maintains that her settlement letter of
September 12, 1996, with her medical records and bills attached, provided this information in a timely
fashion.
¶15. Although the Act does not expressly prohibit supplementing the information provided, it does require
that all of the information be provided the chief executive officer ninety days before the filing of a lawsuit.
Only over time was most of the information provided the Coliseum, if enough different documents that did
not refer to each other were examined.
¶16. It is also unlikely that the submission of medical bills and records alone suffices even if it had been
timely. Merely submitting medical bills does not constitute a notice of claim required by the Act. City of
Jackson v. Lumpkin, 697 So.2d 1179, 1182 (Miss. 1997).
¶17. 3. Mode of delivery and recipient. Even if Soileau had filed the proper notice of claim containing the
requisite information, she failed to follow the proper procedure set out in the Act. In order to sue a
governmental entity for personal injury, "ninety (90) days prior to maintaining an action thereon, [any] such
person shall file a notice of claim with the chief executive officer of the governmental entity . . . ." Miss.
Code Ann. § 11-46-11 (Supp.1998 ). Moreover, this notice shall be "in writing and delivered in person or
by registered or certified U.S. mail." Id.
¶18. Soileau claims that she complied with this provision, citing the fact that the incident report was
reviewed and signed soon after the incident by the Coliseum's chief executive officer, Bill Holmes. She
further contends that because he reviewed and signed it, the report must have been delivered to him in
person.
¶19. Our previous example of the newspaper report of the accident, which hypothetically could be based
on personal statements of the claimant, is again relevant. Compliance with the obligation to deliver or send
by registered mail the notice of claim is not shown by proof that the chief executive officer learned of the
claim through other means.
¶20. The formality of the notice is explicit in the statute. The formality can be seen as serving a purpose in
addition just to providing specific information to a specific individual, information that the individual may
have received from other sources. Like a complaint that starts the litigation itself, the notice brings together
in one document (with attachments if necessary), delivered under the procedures and to the person set out
in the rules, the outline of the facts and the claim for specific damages. The pre-suit notice of claim is an alert
to the chief executive office of the last opportunity to resolve the dispute without litigation. A legislative
decision was made to require the notice. The judicial decision has been to enforce it as written. We do, and
the notice here failed to meet the requirements. As has often been noted, the result can be harsh and may be
here. Carpenter v. Dawson, 701 So. 2d 806, 808 (Miss. 1997). What has not been remarked, but may
be equally true if less provable, is that the notice may help resolve disputes in a more effective manner than
if the notice requirement did not exist.
¶21. The concurring opinion goes even further than noting that harsh results can occur. It states that the
notice provision has "consistently been used to snare unaware claimants whose claims are investigated
toward settlement until the statute of limitations has run." There is no evidence in this case that the Coliseum
ensnared Soileau. It appears that the Coliseum worked with the claimant and her attorney in a proper
manner, though not reminding counsel of the notice provision any more than potential defendants normally
remind claimants of other procedural deadlines.
Statute of limitations
¶22. As a result of Soileau's failure to file a proper notice of claim, her suit is time-barred. Under Miss.
Code Ann. § 11-46-11, "[a]ll actions brought under the provisions of this chapter shall be commenced
within one (1) year next after the date of the . . . conduct on which the liability phase of the action is based .
. . provided, however, that the filing of a notice of claim . . . shall serve to toll the statute of limitations for a
period of ninety-five (95) days." Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11 (Supp. 1998). Soileau's injury occurred on
October 14, 1995, and she filed suit over one year later, on November 1, 1996. The limitations period was
not tolled for ninety-five days due to her lack of compliance with the Act. As a result, her claim is barred by
the statute of limitations.
¶23. The grant of summary judgment in favor of the Coliseum was proper.
¶24. THE JUDGMENT OF THE HARRISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT OF SUMMARY
JUDGMENT IN FAVOR OF THE APPELLEE IS AFFIRMED. ALL COSTS OF THIS
APPEAL ARE TAXED TO THE APPELLANT.
McMILLIN AND THOMAS, P.JJ., COLEMAN, HERRING, HINKEBEIN, AND KING, JJ.,
CONCUR.
PAYNE, J., CONCURS WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION, JOINED BY DIAZ, J.
BRIDGES, C.J., DISSENTS WITHOUT WRITTEN OPINION.
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