CITY OF BIRMINGHAM V CITY OF MADISON HEIGHTS
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STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, CITY OF
HUNTINGTON WOODS, CITY OF OAK PARK,
CITY OF BERKLEY, CITY OF CLAWSON,
CITY OF LATHRUP VILLAGE, and CITY OF
PLEASANT RIDGE,
UNPUBLISHED
January 10, 2006
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v
No. 255225
Oakland Circuit Court
LC No. 2003-052767-CZ
CITY OF MADISON HEIGHTS,
Defendant-Appellee.
Before: Owens, P.J., and Saad and Fort Hood, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Plaintiffs appeal as of right from a circuit court order granting defendant’s motion for
summary disposition. We affirm. This appeal is being decided without oral argument pursuant
to MCR 7.214(E).
Plaintiffs are seven of twelve members of the Southeastern Oakland County Resource
Recovery Authority (SOCRRA). Defendant, a former member, withdrew and/or was expelled
from the authority. Defendant contends that it is entitled to payment or a bond from SOCRRA
for its share of the equity in the authority. MCL 123.311(5). After defendant sued SOCRRA to
compel payment or issuance of a bond, plaintiffs filed this action, contending that MCL 123.311
was unconstitutional. Plaintiffs sought to enjoin defendant from withdrawing from the authority
and recovering payment of its equity therein, and also sought damages for defendant’s failure to
pay its share of SOCRRA expenses. The trial court ruled that plaintiffs lacked standing to sue.
We review the trial court’s ruling on a motion for summary disposition de novo. Kefgen
v Davidson, 241 Mich App 611, 616; 617 NW2d 351 (2000). Whether a party has standing to
bring an action is a question of law that is also reviewed de novo on appeal. Franklin Historic
Dist Study Committee v Village of Franklin, 241 Mich App 184, 187; 614 NW2d 703 (2000).
Legal actions must be prosecuted in the name of the real party in interest. MCL
600.2041; MCR 2.201(B). A real party in interest is one who is vested with a right of action in a
given claim, although the beneficial interest may be with another. Blue Cross & Blue Shield of
Michigan v Eaton Rapids Community Hosp, 221 Mich App 301, 311; 561 NW2d 488 (1997).
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The purpose of the standing doctrine is to require that litigation be brought “only by a
party having an interest that will assure sincere and vigorous advocacy.” Kalamazoo v Richland
Twp, 221 Mich App 531, 534; 562 NW2d 237 (1997). To have standing, a plaintiff must “have a
legally protected interest that is in jeopardy of being adversely affected.” Wortelboer v Benzie
Co, 212 Mich App 208, 214; 537 NW2d 603 (1995). The “irreducible constitutional minimum
of standing” contains three elements: (1) an injury in fact, i.e., an invasion of a legally protected
interest that is concrete and particularized and actual or imminent, not conjectural or
hypothetical, (2) a causal connection between the injury and the conduct complained of such that
the injury is fairly traceable to the challenged action of the defendant rather than some third
party, and (3) likelihood and not merely speculation that the injury will be redressed by a
favorable decision. Lee v Macomb County Board of Comm’rs, 464 Mich 726, 739-740; 629
NW2d 900 (2001).
We affirm. The trial court did not err in concluding that plaintiffs lacked standing to sue.
There is no case or controversy between plaintiffs and defendant establishing an actual or
imminent injury to plaintiffs caused by a challenged action of defendant. It is a given that
defendant withdrew from SOCRRA before plaintiffs filed suit. Therefore, it is impossible for the
trial court to enjoin defendant from withdrawing from the authority, and plaintiffs cannot be
harmed by an anticipated withdrawal. The only harm alleged by plaintiffs is the loss of
SOCRRA’s money or other property should SOCRRA be required to pay defendant its equity in
the authority and the loss of fees defendant allegedly owes to SOCRRA. Apart from the fact that
any harm resulting from the payout would be caused by SOCRRA, that harm, as well as the loss
of fees inures to SOCRRA, which can sue in its own name to protect its legal rights. MCL
123.303. Further, defendant’s right to payment of equity is not actual or imminent, but is being
litigated in another case. Therefore, the trial court did not err in determining that plaintiffs did
not meet two of the three criteria conferring standing to sue.
Affirmed.
/s/ Donald S. Owens
/s/ Henry William Saad
/s/ Karen M. Fort Hood
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