GUARDIAN ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES INC V BUREAU OF CONSTR CODES
Annotate this Case
Download PDF
STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
GUARDIAN ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES,
INC., d/b/a MASTER TEMPERATURE
CONTROLS,
FOR PUBLICATION
May 13, 2008
9:00 a.m.
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v
BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION CODES AND
FIRE SAFETY, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
AND ECONOMIC GROWTH, STATE OF
MICHIGAN,
Defendant-Appellant.
No. 276564
Wayne Circuit Court
LC No. 06-605814-AA
Advance Sheets Version
Before: Owens, P.J., and Meter and Schuette, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Defendant, the Bureau of Construction Codes and Fire Safety (the Bureau),1 appeals by
leave granted from the trial court’s final order granting declaratory and injunctive relief to
plaintiff Guardian Environmental Services, Inc. We affirm.
This declaratory judgment action arose from a dispute between plaintiff, a licensed
mechanical contractor, and the Bureau, which was charged with the enforcement of the Electrical
Administrative Act (EAA), MCL 338.881 et seq.2 In August 2004, plaintiff contracted with the
Allen Park School District to perform renovation work in five of the district’s school buildings.
Specifically, plaintiff was hired to replace existing pneumatic energy management systems with
direct digital control energy management systems in four of the school buildings and to replace a
hybrid energy management system with a direct digital control energy management system in the
fifth school building. Replacement of the existing energy management systems required plaintiff
to install low-voltage wiring and communications network cabling. Plaintiff intended to perform
1
The Bureau of Construction Codes and Fire Safety is part of the Michigan Department
of Labor and Economic Growth.
2
The question presented by the parties on appeal is one of statutory construction, the
parties did not present extensive evidence regarding the nature, purpose, and makeup of the
energy management systems that plaintiff planned to install, and the trial court did not engage in
significant fact-finding. Therefore, we accept the allegations in the complaint as true for
purposes of presenting pertinent background facts in this opinion.
this work itself instead of subcontracting the work to a licensed electrical contractor.3 Plaintiff
maintained that because it was a licensed mechanical contractor and because the work involved
the “replacement” and “upgrading” of energy management systems that control existing
mechanical systems, MCL 338.887(3)(i) permitted it to perform this work without an electrical
contractor’s license.
On March 17, 2005, William Fox, a state inspector for Wayne County, ordered plaintiff
to cease installing low-voltage wiring at the Allen Park project. Concerned that Fox’s action
would affect its other projects, including work that it was performing for the Warren
Consolidated School District, plaintiff contacted Virgil Monroe, chief of the Bureau’s electrical
division. Monroe determined that MCL 338.887(3)(i) did not allow plaintiff to install lowvoltage wiring and forwarded to Chuck Goerlitz, plaintiff’s manager, a May 1998 bulletin
authored by Tom Kriegish, the former chief of the electrical division, which set forth the
Bureau’s position regarding what work was permissible without an electrical contractor’s license
pursuant to MCL 338.887(3)(i).4
Goerlitz requested an appeal of Monroe’s decision that plaintiff was not allowed to install
the low-voltage electrical wiring. He also noted that the term “existing mechanical systems”
required clarification and requested a statement of the Bureau’s position on the meaning of the
phrase. In response to Goerlitz’s communications, Monroe confirmed that the May 1998 article
set forth the Bureau’s “complete and final position” on work that may be performed without an
electrical contractor’s license pursuant to MCL 338.887(3)(i). With respect to the meaning of
the phrase “existing mechanical systems,” Monroe explained:
Existing mechanical systems are not defined in the Act. According to
Webster’s New World Dictionary, Third College Edition, “Existent” is defined as
1 – having existence or being; existing, 2 – existing now; present; immediate.
Using this definition, the term “existing mechanical systems” would be systems
existing at the time of service, repair, replacement, etc. 7(3)(i) would cover these
installations. It would not include systems removed then changed to a different
type of system, such as, the replacement of an existing pneumatic controlled
system with a new electrical controlled system. In this instance a licensed
electrical contractor would be required.
This is the final position of the Electrical Division.
3
Plaintiff subcontracted the high-voltage wiring associated with the project to a licensed
electrical contractor.
4
The May 1998 article provides in relevant part:
Recently, several individuals have asked bureau staff whether a
mechanical contractor or authorized master plumber may perform work relating to
electrical installations, without an electrical license.
***
Existing pneumatic control systems may be modified, upgraded, or
replaced by a mechanical contractor. However, when an existing pneumatic
system is abandoned, and replaced with a new electrical control system, it must be
installed by a licensed electrical contractor.
-2-
Plaintiff requested that the Electrical Administrative Board overrule Monroe’s decision.
However, at its October 7, 2005, meeting, the Electrical Administrative Board unanimously
upheld Monroe’s interpretation of MCL 338.887(3)(i). Plaintiff then petitioned the Michigan
Department of Labor and Economic Growth for declaratory relief, which the department denied.
On February 27, 2006, plaintiff filed an action seeking a declaration from the trial court
that an exception to the requirement that all electrical wiring be performed by an entity holding
an electrical contractor’s license set forth under MCL 338.887(3)(i) applied to the work plaintiff
sought to perform, namely, the replacement of an existing pneumatic energy management system
with a direct digital control energy management system. The trial court granted plaintiff’s
request for declaratory and injunctive relief on August 7, 2006.5
On appeal, the Bureau argues that the trial court’s interpretation of MCL 338.887(3)(i)
was contrary to the plain language of the statute. We disagree. We review de novo both
questions of law arising from a declaratory judgment action and questions of statutory
interpretation. Green Oak Twp v Munzel, 255 Mich App 235, 238; 661 NW2d 243 (2003);
Dessart v Burak, 252 Mich App 490, 494; 652 NW2d 669 (2002), aff’d 470 Mich 37 (2004).
We review the trial court’s decision to grant or deny declaratory relief for an abuse of discretion.
Gauthier v Alpena Co Prosecutor, 267 Mich App 167, 170; 703 NW2d 818 (2005). In the
absence of fraud, findings of fact made or adopted by an administrative agency are conclusive on
appeal if they are supported by competent evidence on the record; however, the decision of an
administrative agency may be reversed if the agency’s decision was based on erroneous legal
reasoning or if the agency operated within the wrong legal framework. Schmaltz v Troy Metal
Concepts, Inc, 469 Mich 467, 471; 673 NW2d 95 (2003).
In interpreting a statute, the fundamental task of a court is to “discern and give effect to
the Legislature’s intent as expressed in the words of the statute.” Pohutski v City of Allen Park,
465 Mich 675, 683; 641 NW2d 219 (2002). Where the plain and ordinary meaning of the
statutory language is clear, further judicial construction is unwarranted. Nastal v Henderson &
Assoc Investigations, Inc, 471 Mich 712, 720; 691 NW2d 1 (2005). See also DiBenedetto v West
Shore Hosp, 461 Mich 394, 402; 605 NW2d 300 (2000). Judicial construction of a statute is
proper only where reasonable minds could differ about the meaning of the statute. Adrian
School Dist v Michigan Pub School Employees’ Retirement Sys, 458 Mich 326, 332; 582 NW2d
767 (1998).
We accord to every word or phrase of a statute its plain and ordinary meaning, unless a
term has a special, technical meaning or is defined in the statute. Casco Twp v Secretary of
State, 472 Mich 566, 593 n 44; 701 NW2d 102 (2005); MCL 8.3a. In ascertaining the plain and
ordinary meaning of undefined statutory terms, we may rely on dictionary definitions. Halloran
v Bhan, 470 Mich 572, 578; 683 NW2d 129 (2004).
5
The trial court’s order stated in pertinent part,
[P]ursuant to the exemption provided in MCL 338.887(3)(i), [plaintiff], a
licensed mechanical contractor, may install low voltage electrical wiring when
replacing, modifying or upgrading energy management systems within existing
mechanical systems, including, but not limited to, the replacement of a pneumatic
control energy management system with a direct digital control energy
management system.
-3-
MCL 338.887 provides, in pertinent part:
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this act or in subsection (3), a
person, firm, or corporation shall not engage in the business of electrical
contracting unless the person, firm, or corporation has received from the board or
from the appropriate municipality an electrical contractor’s license.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in this act or in subsection (3), a
person, other than a person licensed under this act and employed by and working
under the direction of a holder of an electrical contractor’s license, shall not in
any manner undertake to execute any electrical wiring.
(3) A license under this act is not required in the execution of the
following classes of work:
***
(i) Work performed by mechanical contractors licensed in
classifications listed in section 6(3)(a), (b), (d), (e), and (f) of the Forbes
mechanical contractors act, 1984 PA 192, MCL 338.976, plumbing contractors
licensed under 1929 PA 266, MCL 338.901 to 338.917, and employees of persons
licensed under those acts while performing maintenance, service, repair,
replacement, alteration, modification, reconstruction, or upgrading of control
wiring circuits and electrical component parts within existing mechanical systems
defined in the mechanical and plumbing codes provided for in the StilleDeRossett-Hale single state construction code act, 1972 PA 230, MCL 125.1501
to 125.1531, including, but not limited to, energy management systems, relays
and controls on boilers, water heaters, furnaces, air conditioning compressors and
condensers, fan controls, thermostats and sensors, and all interconnecting wiring
associated with the mechanical systems in buildings which are on the load side of
the unit disconnect, which is located on or immediately adjacent to the equipment,
except for life safety systems wiring.
Here, each party argues that the plain language of the statute supports its
interpretation of MCL 338.887(3)(i). Plaintiff contends that under the plain meaning of
MCL 338.887(3)(i), a mechanical contractor may replace an energy management system within
an existing mechanical system. The Bureau, however, asserts that the statutory exception set
forth under MCL 338.887(3)(i) unambiguously allows mechanical contractors only to replace
wiring and other electrical components within existing energy management systems.
In making this argument, the Bureau contends that the statute would allow a
mechanical contractor to replace a pneumatic energy management system with another
pneumatic energy management system. The Bureau also contends that the statutory exception
provided under MCL 338.887(3)(i) allows plaintiff to remove a direct digital control energy
management system, but it does not permit plaintiff to replace an existing pneumatic energy
management system with a direct digital control energy management system. However, the
Bureau’s proposed interpretation of the term “replacement” imposes the additional, extrastatutory requirement that the substituted system must be of like kind.
-4-
Instead, we conclude that the Legislature intended to allow plaintiff to replace an
existing pneumatic or hybrid energy management system with a direct digital control energy
management system within an existing mechanical system. Random House Webster’s College
Dictionary (1997) defines “replacement” as “the act of replacing” and as “a person or thing that
replaces another,” and defines “replace” as “to assume the function of; substitute for: to replace
gas lights with electric lights.” Especially in light of the example of “replace” included in this
definition, we conclude that the proper interpretation of “replacement” as used in
MCL 338.887(3)(i) includes the abandonment or removal of a pre-existing defective or obsolete
pneumatic energy management system and the installation of a new direct digital control system
for an existing mechanical system.
The statutory exception included in MCL 338.887(3)(i) provides that a
mechanical contractor may “perform[] maintenance, service, repair, replacement, alteration,
modification, reconstruction, or upgrading of control wiring circuits and electrical component
parts within existing mechanical systems . . . .” According to the statute, an example of the
“electrical component parts” or “control wiring circuits” “include[es], but [is] not limited to,
energy management systems . . . .” MCL 338.887(3)(i). Thus, an energy management system is
one example of an electrical component part of a pre-existing mechanical system that a licensed
mechanical contractor is permitted to replace. The Legislature’s choice of the term
“replacement” reflects its intent that an electrical contractor’s license is not required for the
removal of a pneumatic energy management system and the installation of a direct digital control
energy management system in a pre-existing mechanical system. We conclude that the trial
court’s decision that the exception set forth under MCL 338.887(3)(i) allowed plaintiff to
perform the disputed work was based on a correct, plain-language interpretation of the statute.
Next, the Bureau argues that the trial court exceeded its authority when it improperly
declined to defer to the Bureau’s interpretation of the statute. We disagree. An administrative
agency’s interpretation of a statute it is charged with enforcing is entitled to great weight and we
will overrule the interpretation only if it is clearly erroneous. Schmaltz, supra at 471. However,
if an administrative agency’s interpretation of a statute is contrary to the statute’s plain meaning,
the intent of the Legislature as expressed in the statutory language must prevail.6 By Lo Oil Co v
Dep’t of Treasury, 267 Mich App 19, 49-50; 703 NW2d 822 (2005).
6
Our Supreme Court has granted leave to appeal in another case involving the issues of:
“(1) what legal framework appellate courts should apply to determine the degree of deference
due an administrative agency in its interpretation if a statute within its purview; [and]
(2) whether the Court of Appeals erred in deferring to the Michigan Public Service
Commission’s interpretation of MCL 484.2502(1)(a) . . . .” SBC Michigan v Pub Service Comm,
480 Mich 977 (2007). See also In re Complaint of Rovas Against Ameritech Michigan, 276
Mich App 55; 740 NW2d 523 (2007). Our Supreme Court’s decision in SBC Michigan could
alter the common law regarding the deference that must be given to agency interpretations.
However, under existing law, deference to an administrative agency’s interpretation of a statute
is proper only where reasonable minds could differ regarding the meaning of the statute, i.e., the
statutory language is ambiguous. By Lo Oil Co v Dep’t of Treasury, 267 Mich App 19, 49-50;
703 NW2d 822 (2005). Further, pursuant to the language of this Court in By Lo Oil Co, if an
administrative agency’s interpretation of a statute is contrary to the plain meaning of the statute,
the agency’s interpretation is clearly erroneous. Id. at 49-50. Where, as here, the statutory
language is unambiguous, the statute must be applied as written. Pohutski, supra at 683.
-5-
The Bureau asserts that the interpretation of a statute by an agency charged with
enforcing the statute should not be overruled in the absence of “cogent reasons.” See Oakland
Schools Bd of Ed v Superintendent of Pub Instruction, 401 Mich 37, 41; 257 NW2d 73 (1977),
quoting United States v Moore, 95 US 760, 763; 24 L Ed 588 (1877). However, an agency’s
interpretation of a statute contrary to the plain language of the statute constitutes a compelling,
“cogent” reason for overruling the agency’s clearly erroneous interpretation. See Consumers
Power Co v Pub Service Comm, 460 Mich 148, 157 n 8; 596 NW2d 126 (1999) (“An agency
interpretation cannot overcome the plain meaning of a statute.”). Mindful that one branch of
government may not exercise powers conferred to other branches of government, Const 1963,
art 3, § 2, the Bureau’s contention that the trial court’s failure to defer to its construction of
MCL 338.887(3)(i) violated the “separation of powers” doctrine ignores the significant concepts
of checks and balances and judicial review. The judiciary alone is the final authority on
questions of statutory interpretation and must overrule administrative interpretations that are
contrary to clear legislative intent. Office Planning Group, Inc v Baraga-Houghton-Keweenaw
Child Dev Bd, 472 Mich 479, 491 n 23; 697 NW2d 871 (2005). See also Chevron USA Inc v
NRDC, Inc, 467 US 837, 843 n 9; 104 S Ct 2778; 81 L Ed 2d 694 (1984).
Because the Bureau’s construction of MCL 338.887(3)(i) was contrary to the intent of the
Legislature, as expressed in the unambiguous language of the statute itself, a cogent reason
existed for the trial court not to defer to the Bureau’s erroneous interpretation. Accordingly, the
trial court neither violated the “separation of powers” doctrine nor exceeded its authority in
rejecting the Bureau’s invitation to defer to its construction of MCL 338.887(3)(i).
Affirmed.
-6-
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.