JOSEPHINE CARMICHAEL V HENRY FORD HOSPITAL
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STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
JOSEPHINE CARMICHAEL, Personal
Representative of the Estate of HENRIETTA
CARMICHAEL, Deceased,
FOR PUBLICATION
September 13, 2007
9:00 a.m.
Plaintiff-Appellee,
No. 258412
Wayne Circuit Court
LC No. 04-409380-NH
v
HENRY FORD HOSPITAL,
Defendant,
and
HENRY FORD VILLAGE, INC.,
Defendant-Appellant.
JOSEPHINE CARMICHAEL, Personal
Representative of the Estate of HENRIETTA
CARMICHAEL, Deceased,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v
No. 258413
Wayne Circuit Court
LC No. 04-409380-NH
HENRY FORD HOSPITAL,
Defendant-Appellant,
Official Reported Version
and
HENRY FORD VILLAGE, INC.,
Defendant.
Before: O'Connell, P.J., and Murphy and Fitzgerald, JJ.
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O'CONNELL, P.J.
In this wrongful death, medical malpractice action, both defendants appealed separately
by leave granted from a circuit court order denying their motions for summary disposition
pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(7) (statute of limitations). Having consolidated the appeals, we
affirm.
We review de novo decisions regarding summary disposition motions.
Under MCR 2.116(C)(7), summary disposition is proper when a claim is barred
by the statute of limitations. In determining whether summary disposition was
properly granted under MCR 2.116(C)(7), this Court "consider[s] all documentary
evidence submitted by the parties, accepting as true the contents of the complaint
unless affidavits or other appropriate documents specifically contradict them."
[Waltz v Wyse, 469 Mich 642, 647-648; 677 NW2d 813 (2004), quoting Fane v
Detroit Library Comm, 465 Mich 68, 74; 631 NW2d 678 (2001) (alteration in
Waltz).]
Whether a period of limitations applies in particular circumstances constitutes a legal question
that this Court also considers de novo. Detroit v 19675 Hasse, 258 Mich App 438, 444-445; 671
NW2d 150 (2003).
I
Before discussing the parties' contentions regarding plaintiff 's appointment as the estate's
successor personal representative, we will address the timeliness of the complaint as measured
from the date of plaintiff 's original appointment as personal representative. The period of
limitations governing a wrongful death action depends on the period of limitations applicable to
the underlying theory of liability. Lipman v William Beaumont Hosp, 256 Mich App 483, 489490; 664 NW2d 245 (2003). A medical malpractice plaintiff has two years from the date the
cause of action accrues in which to file suit. MCL 600.5805(6).1 "[A] claim based on the
medical malpractice of a person or entity who is . . . a licensed health care professional . . .
accrues at the time of the act or omission that is the basis for the claim of medical malpractice . .
. ." MCL 600.5838a(1). Because the complaint fails to set forth the precise dates of alleged
malpractice by defendants, which occurred over time, we will assume for the limited purposes of
this preliminary analysis that the malpractice accrual date is August 10, 2001, the date of the
decedent's death. Consequently, the two-year period of limitations in MCL 600.5805(6)
governing the decedent's malpractice claim extended through August 10, 2003.
In wrongful death actions, the Legislature affords personal representatives additional time
in which to pursue legal action on behalf of a decedent's estate. Because plaintiff initially
received letters of authority on October 4, 2001, the wrongful death saving period extended the
1
When the decedent's cause of action accrued, subsection 6 was codified as subsection 5 in MCL
600.5805. The analysis in this opinion refers to the current subsection.
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time in which she could bring suit through October 4, 2003. MCL 600.5852. In this case,
plaintiff did not bring an action during her original appointment as personal representative, and
instead certified that the estate was administratively completed on April 29, 2002, long before
the statute of limitations could bar the case. Although plaintiff later gave defendants notice of
her intent to sue on September 16, 2003, as required by MCL 600.2912b, this notice did not toll
or extend the wrongful death saving period pursuant to MCL 600.5856. Waltz, supra at 648-651,
655. The Supreme Court's holding in Waltz "applies retroactively in all cases," Mullins v St
Joseph Mercy Hosp, 271 Mich App 503, 509; 722 NW2d 666 (2006) (Mullins II), lv gtd 477
Mich 1066 (2007), and judicial tolling does "not operate to relieve wrongful death plaintiffs from
complying with Waltz's time restraints . . . ." Ward v Siano, 272 Mich App 715, 720; 730 NW2d
1 (2006), application for leave to appeal in the Supreme Court held in abeyance 729 NW2d 213
(2007).2 We reject plaintiff 's argument that retroactive application of Waltz is unconstitutional.
Farley v Advanced Cardiovascular Health Specialists, PC, 266 Mich App 566, 576 n 27; 703
NW2d 115 (2005). Therefore, tracking the relevant periods from the date of plaintiff 's original
appointment, her filing of the complaint on March 30, 2004, occurred after both the medical
malpractice period of limitations and the wrongful death saving period had expired.
II
Nevertheless, plaintiff argued, and the circuit court agreed, that MCL 600.5852 afforded
plaintiff two years to file suit beginning on March 18, 2003, the date of her appointment as the
estate's successor personal representative. Therefore, she timely filed the complaint on March
30, 2004. Plaintiff relies on Eggleston v Bio-Medical Applications of Detroit, Inc, 468 Mich 29;
658 NW2d 139 (2003), in which the Supreme Court interpreted MCL 600.5852 in the context of
a successor personal representative's filing of a wrongful death medical malpractice action. The
decedent in Eggleston died on June 22, 1996, one day after having a dialysis treatment. Id. at 30.
On April 4, 1997, the decedent's husband became the personal representative of her estate. Id. at
31. On August 20, 1997, the personal representative died. Id. The plaintiff, the son of the
decedents, became the successor personal representative of his mother's estate on December 8,
1998, and filed a medical malpractice complaint on June 9, 1999. Id. The circuit court granted
the defendants' motion for summary disposition, ruling that the plaintiff had untimely filed the
action more than two years after the original personal representative's appointment, and that
§ 5852 "does not apply because the complaint was not filed within two years after the
appointment of the first personal representative . . . ." Eggleston, supra at 31.
The Supreme Court reversed the grant of summary disposition to the defendants, id. at
33, noting that this Court had misquoted § 5852, which provides:
If a person dies before the period of limitations has run or within 30 days
after the period of limitations has run, an action which survives by law may be
commenced by the personal representative of the deceased person at any time
2
We note our agreement with the Supreme Court's decision to grant leave to appeal in Mullins
II. We believe Mullins II was wrongly decided.
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within 2 years after letters of authority are issued although the period of
limitations has run. But an action shall not be brought under this provision unless
the personal representative commences it within 3 years after the period of
limitations has run. [Emphasis added.]
The Supreme Court held that according to the plain language of the first sentence of § 5852, the
section's application was not restricted only to letters of authority appointing an initial personal
representative. Eggleston, supra at 33.
The statute simply provides that an action may be commenced by the
personal representative "at any time within 2 years after letters of authority are
issued although the period of limitations has run." [MCL 600.5852.] The
language adopted by the Legislature clearly allows an action to be brought within
two years after letters of authority are issued to the personal representative. The
statute does not provide that the two-year period is measured from the date letters
of authority are issued to the initial personal representative.
Plaintiff was "the personal representative" of the estate and filed the
complaint "within 2 years after letters of authority [were] issued," and "within 3
years after the period of limitations ha[d] run." MCL 600.5852. The action was
therefore timely. [Eggleston, supra at 33 (alterations in original; emphasis
added).]
The plain language of § 5852, as interpreted in Eggleston, supports plaintiff 's argument that
when letters of authority were issued to her as the successor personal representative in this case,
the two-year wrongful death saving period began anew, subject only to the three-year ceiling set
forth in the second sentence of § 5852.
Defendants suggest that Eggleston is factually distinguishable from this case, because,
unlike the situation in Eggleston, plaintiff 's appointment as the successor personal representative
in this case was not prompted by necessity. Defendants also argue that plaintiff had plenty of
time to file suit between her initial appointment as the estate's personal representative and her
appointment as its successor representative, a period of more than 18 months. In Braverman v
Garden City Hosp, 272 Mich App 72, 86-87; 724 NW2d 285 (2006) (Braverman I), mod in part
on other grounds in Braverman v Garden City Hosp, 275 Mich App 705; ___ NW2d ___ (2007),
this Court rejected similar attempts to factually distinguish Eggleston. The original personal
representative of the decedent's estate in Braverman I was appointed on October 29, 2002, and
later resigned, after which "letters of authority were issued to plaintiff, as successor personal
representative, on August 18, 2004." Braverman I, supra at 75. The plaintiff successor personal
representative filed a wrongful death, medical malpractice action on January 25, 2005. Id. This
Court found the action timely in light of Eggleston, summarizing:
The trial court correctly applied Eggleston to this case. Here, plaintiff
successor personal representative was appointed and issued letters of authority on
August 18, 2004. Plaintiff filed the complaint on January 25, 2005, which is
within two years of the issuance of his letters of authority and within three years
after the limitations period had run. MCL 600.5852.
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Contrary to defendants' arguments, we find no basis for distinguishing this
case from Eggleston merely because Eggleston involved the death of the initial
personal representative or because [the initial representative in Braverman] had
ample time to commence this action and her grace period expired. In Eggleston,
a unanimous Supreme Court decided the case solely on the basis of the statutory
language of the wrongful death saving provision . . . . [Braverman I, supra at 86
(emphasis added).]
We added that "[t]he statutory language unambiguously provides a personal representative a
two-year grace period commencing with the issuance of his or her letters of authority." Id. We
acknowledge that the facts of the instant case do not correspond perfectly with those in
Braverman I. In this case, the same individual was appointed twice: once as the estate's original
personal representative and again as its successor personal representative. But because the clear
language of § 5852, as construed in Eggleston, does not contemplate any qualifications on which
"letters of authority" or which "personal representative" may receive the benefit of the wrongful
death saving period, the plain statutory language indicates that the issuance of letters of authority
to the same individual commences the running of a new wrongful death saving period.
In Boodt v Borgess Med Ctr, 272 Mich App 621, 633-636; 728 NW2d 471 (2006), this
Court discussed the clear nature of MCL 600.5852, as interpreted by the Supreme Court in
Eggleston. In relevant part, the lead opinion observed:
In Eggleston, a successor personal representative filed a complaint within
two years of his appointment, but more than two years after the first personal
representative was appointed. Eggleston, supra [at] 31. That was the only fact
that our Supreme Court deemed relevant to its straightforward reading of the
statute and the simple rule that every personal representative is entitled to two
years after receipt of his or her letters of authority within which to file a
complaint, irrespective of any predecessors. [Boodt, supra at 635-636 (DAVIS, J.)
(emphasis in original).]
It bears noting that, unlike in Boodt, McMiddleton v Bolling, 267 Mich App 667, 671674; 705 NW2d 720 (2005), Verbrugghe v Select Specialty Hosp-Macomb Co, Inc, 270 Mich
App 383, 388-390; 715 NW2d 72 (2006), application for leave to appeal in Supreme Court held
in abeyance 722 NW2d 882 (2006), Glisson v Gerrity, 274 Mich App 525, 538-539; 734 NW2d
614 (2007), or an unpublished Court of Appeals case cited by defendants, the case at bar does
not involve the renewal of an original representative's failed action. Therefore, this case is not
affected by the Supreme Court's recent decision in Washington v Sinai Hosp of Greater Detroit,
478 Mich 412, 422; 733 NW2d 755 (2007), which bars subsequent actions on the basis of res
judicata.
Defendants maintain that this case is governed by Lindsey v Harper Hosp, 455 Mich 56,
59; 564 NW2d 861 (1997), a case involving the issuance of multiple letters of authority to the
same individual. Our Supreme Court in Lindsey held that the wrongful death saving period
commenced on the date of the plaintiff 's initial appointment as the estate's temporary personal
representative, not on the date of the subsequent issuance of general letters of authority as
personal representative to the plaintiff. Id. at 59-60, 67. Factually, Lindsey involved a temporary
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personal representative who later became a general personal representative. In Eggleston and
this case, however, an original and a successor personal representative were involved. In
Lindsey, supra at 66, the Court also emphasized that the term "personal representative" in § 5852
is defined by probate law, and at the time Lindsey was decided, MCL 700.9(3), repealed by 1998
PA 386, defined "personal representative" to include "a temporary or successor personal
representative . . . ."3 Unlike Lindsey, this case does not involve an unbroken line of authority
from the initial letters of authority to the lawsuit. Instead, plaintiff was required to receive new
letters of authority to pursue this suit, because she had already filed a sworn statement of full
administration on March 28, 2002, received a certificate of completion on April 29, 2002, and no
proceeding involving the original personal representative was pending a year later. See MCL
700.3954. Because plaintiff, in her capacity as the original personal representative, did not have
an action pending one year after she filed her statement, her original authority terminated, at the
latest, on March 28, 2003. MCL 700.3954; MCL 700.3610. Therefore, the actions plaintiff took
after March 28, 2003, necessarily derived from her authority as a newly appointed successor and
were not authorized by her original letters of authority.
This analysis corresponds with the unambiguous statutory language in MCL 700.3959,
which governs plaintiff 's reappointment and the subsequent administration of the estate. The
statute specifically permits plaintiff 's new appointment as a successor personal representative,
because the estate qualified as a "previously administered estate" that the probate court had to
"reopen." Id. Therefore, the probate court had discretion to make a "new appointment," and the
statute expressly allows the probate court to reappoint the original personal representative. Id. It
goes without saying that the new appointment required a new set of letters of authority.
Therefore, although the original and the successor personal representative are the same
individual, this case is much more in line with Eggleston than Lindsey. The Court in Eggleston
focused exclusively on the statutory language and held that the issuance of letters of authority to
the successor personal representative marked the beginning of a new wrongful death saving
period. We apply this same approach to the successor personal representative in this case.
In calculating the wrongful death saving period, the clear language of § 5852, as
interpreted by Eggleston, Boodt, and Braverman I, considers only the two-year limit beginning at
the issuance of the letters of authority and whether the complaint was filed before the three-year
ceiling described in the statute's second sentence. Here, the probate court issued plaintiff letters
of authority appointing her as the successor representative on March 18, 2003, and plaintiff filed
the complaint on March 30, 2004, within two years after receiving the letters of authority.4
3
The Estates and Protected Individuals Code, MCL 700.1101 et seq., no longer uses the term
"temporary personal representative," and instead defines "personal representative" to include "an
executor, administrator, successor personal representative, and special personal representative,"
as well as "any other person who performs substantially the same function under the law
governing that person's status." MCL 700.1106(n).
4
The three-year ceiling would have been reached no earlier than January 29, 2006, five years
after the earliest date that malpractice, if any, could have occurred.
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Under these circumstances, the circuit court correctly invoked Eggleston and properly denied
defendants summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(7).5
Affirmed.
/s/ Peter D. O'Connell
/s/ William B. Murphy
/s/ E. Thomas Fitzgerald
5
Defendants additionally suggest that MCL 700.3959 bars plaintiff 's filing of the complaint.
Defendants focus on the last sentence of MCL 700.3959, insisting that after becoming the
successor personal representative, plaintiff could not file this action because it constitutes a
"previously barred" claim. But plaintiff never brought a "barred" claim before bringing this suit,
so defendants fail to explain how this claim was "previously barred." Id. Accepting defendants'
arguments regarding the "authority of the office" would require us to disregard Eggleston and the
import of the plain language in MCL 600.5852. Defendants have failed to identify any statutory
provision that precludes plaintiff from reopening the decedent's previously closed estate.
Instead, MCL 700.3959 fully supports the probate court's reappointment of plaintiff as the
estate's personal representative and her pursuit of the estate's malpractice claim.
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