MIDWEST ENERGY COOPERATIVE V MPSC
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STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
MIDWEST ENERGY COOPERATIVE,
FOR PUBLICATION
November 1, 2005
9:00 a.m.
Appellant,
v
MICHIGAN PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
and INDIANA MICHIGAN POWER CO., d/b/a/
AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER,
Appellees.
No. 255441
Public Service Commission
LC No. 00-013764
Official Reported Version
Before: Kelly, P.J., and Meter and Davis, JJ.
DAVIS, J.
Appellant Midwest Energy Cooperative claims an appeal by right from the April 20,
2004, decision of the Public Service Commission (PSC) determining that appellant violated 1999
AC, R 460.3411 (Rule 411) by providing electric service to a development in Vicksburg where
appellee Indiana Michigan Power (I&M)1 was entitled to operate and violated MCL 460.5022 by
doing so without having obtained a certificate of public convenience and necessity. We
conclude that we do not have jurisdiction to hear this appeal, so we transfer the case to the
Ingham Circuit Court, which does have jurisdiction.
"[A] challenge to subject-matter jurisdiction may be raised at any time, even if raised for
the first time on appeal." Smith v Smith, 218 Mich App 727, 729-730; 555 NW2d 271 (1996).
Existence of subject-matter jurisdiction is a question of law reviewed de novo. Rudolph Steiner
School of Ann Arbor v Ann Arbor Charter Twp, 237 Mich App 721, 730; 605 NW2d 18 (1999).
We likewise review de novo questions of statutory construction, with the fundamental goal of
giving effect to the intent of the Legislature. Weakland v Toledo Engineering Co, Inc, 467 Mich
1
The Public Service Commission abbreviates Indiana Michigan Power Company as "I&M."
However, appellant and I&M also refer to the latter as "AEP" because I&M has done business
under the name American Electric Power. We will follow the PSC's convention.
2
This statute is part of 1929 PA 69, more commonly known as "Act 69."
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344, 347; 656 NW2d 175 (2003). We review the interpretation of administrative rules similarly.
Aaronson v Lindsay & Hauer Int'l Ltd, 235 Mich App 259, 270; 597 NW2d 227 (1999).
The facts in this case, as set forth by the PSC in its order, are apparently undisputed:
The dispute in this case centers around which utility can properly serve the
electric load for the Development located in the Village of Vicksburg. . . .
The property at issue began as part of Robert and Jill Thompson's farming
operation (namely, Fertile Prairie Farms, Inc.), which was combined with land
they purchased from the Fox River Paper Company (Fox River) after it closed, for
the proposed Development. On February 10, 2003, Mr. and Mrs. Thompson
deeded: (1) a portion of their farmland in Section 23 and all the land they
purchased from Fox River within Section 24 . . . to the SCGD [one of the entities
involved in the development], and (2) the remaining portion of their farmland in
Section 23 to the SCRD [the other entity involved in the development].
For at least 30 years, I&M operated a single-phase line to a Fox River
storage building that was located in Section 24, which is now part of the
Development's golf course (but not on property tax parcel No. 24-105-015). The
storage building has subsequently been torn down and Mr. Thompson requested
I&M to de-energize and remove its line in mid-2003. Additionally, I&M has
operated electric lines along the western and southern boundaries of the land now
owned by the SCGD and the SCRD.
Prior to the Thompson land transfer to the Development and in
anticipation of providing adequate water and sewer services to the SCRD, the
Thompsons also requested that the Development property, which was previously
in Schoolcraft Township, be annexed to the Village of Vicksburg. The
annexation became effective on July 2, 2002. Only I&M has a certificate of
public convenience and necessity to serve the Village of Vicksburg (although the
village did grant Midwest a franchise in November 2003, . . . five months after it
began electrical service to the Development).
Mr. Thompson also contacted I&M and Midwest regarding the location
and cost of extending electrical service to the Development. On February 26,
2003, Mr. Thompson requested 3-phase service from Midwest for an irrigation
pump the SCGD was planning to install on tax parcel No. 24-105-015. Because
I&M had distribution facilities within one mile of the requested extension,
Midwest issued a 10-day notice to extend facilities . . . on March 11, 2003 and
began construction on March 24th, even though I&M filed an objection to the
proposed extension on March 20th Midwest completed construction of the 3phase facilities on April 15, which were energized on June 13, 2003.
Subsequently, Midwest constructed an underground single-phase line to provide
service to the SCRD's proposed home sites in Section 23. [Citations omitted.]
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The PSC concluded that the development was an existing customer of I&M, so I&M was
entitled to extend service to the entire project, to the exclusion of appellant. The PSC
additionally concluded that appellant's operations in this regard up to that time were improper
because appellant did not have a certificate of public convenience and necessity.
Regarding the latter point, we lack jurisdiction over an appeal of an order prohibiting a
utility from extending electric service if the utility has not first sought a certificate of public
convenience and necessity; only when such a certificate has been requested, and it is either
granted or denied, is an appeal to this Court available. City of Marshall v Consumers Power Co
(On Remand), 206 Mich App 666, 673-675; 523 NW2d 483 (1994). Notwithstanding appellant's
assertions that it is not required to obtain such a certificate but will obtain one if needed, we
cannot hear the matter until there has been a decision granting or denying a certificate, because
until then there is no order "fixing" any of the several things that give rise to this Court's
jurisdiction. Marshall, supra at 674-675, citing MCL 462.26(1). Because appellant had been
neither granted nor denied such a certificate, we cannot hear the Act 69 issue.
Regarding Rule 411, MCL 460.4 provides that MCL 462.26 governs review of any PSC
order or decree. MCL 462.26(1) provides for review in this Court of "any order of the
commission fixing any rate or rates, fares, charges, classifications, joint rate or rates, or any order
fixing any regulations, practices, or services," unless "otherwise provided in" various provisions,
including MCL 462.26 itself. The order here fixes a service insofar as it determines which of
two competing utilities may serve a particular customer. However, subsection 7 of MCL 462.26
reserves to the Ingham Circuit Court appeals of orders "pertaining to the application of existing
commission rules, tariffs, or rate schedules to an individual customer in a contested case . . . ."
The jurisdictional provision in MCL 462.26(7) controls, both according to the plain language of
subsection 1 of MCL 462.26 and according to the rule that specific statutory provisions control
over general ones. Antrim Co Treasurer v Dep't of Treasury, 263 Mich App 474, 484; 688
NW2d 840 (2004).
Appellant correctly notes that we have previously decided a Rule 411 issue. In re
Complaint of Consumers Energy Co, 255 Mich App 496; 660 NW2d 785 (2003). However, the
only portion of MCL 462.26 we addressed in that case was subsection 8, which governs the
burden of proof on appeal. In re Complaint of Consumers Energy, supra at 500-501. "The rule
of stare decisis generally requires courts to reach the same result when presented with the same
or substantially similar issues in another case with different parties." WA Foote Mem Hosp v
City of Jackson, 262 Mich App 333, 341; 686 NW2d 9 (2004). "However, a case is stare decisis
on a particular point of law if the issue was 'raised in the action decided by the court, and its
decision made part of the opinion of the case.'" Terra Energy, Ltd v Michigan, 241 Mich App
393, 399; 616 NW2d 691 (2000), quoting 20 Am Jur 2d, Courts, ยง 153, p 440. In In re
Complaint of Consumers Energy, we merely presumed that we had jurisdiction and never
inquired further into the issue. We did not decide, or even address, the issue. Thus, there is no
prior appellate decision on this issue to which we are bound.
MCL 462.26(7) "contemplates the application of some substantive rule to an individual
customer . . . ." Attorney General v Pub Service Comm No 1, 237 Mich App 27, 41; 602 NW2d
207 (1999). The first prong is clearly satisfied: this case involves the application of a
substantive administrative rule, namely 1999 AC, R 460.3411. R 460.3411(1)(a) defines
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"customer" as "the buildings and facilities served rather than the individual, association,
partnership, or corporation served." Thus, for example, in In re Complaint of Consumers
Energy, Meijer, Inc., would not be a "customer," but a particular Meijer grocery store, including
the parking lot lights and adjoining gasoline station, would constitute a single "customer."
Although there are two business entities in this case, they have a significant amount of identity in
ownership and are working in tandem toward the common goal of "the Development," which the
PSC treated as a single entity. We conclude that it is "the Development" itself that is the
customer, and, at least until there is some indication of division, it should be treated as a single
entity. Pursuant to MCL 462.26(7), jurisdiction therefore lies with the Ingham Circuit Court, not
here.
Because we lack jurisdiction over this appeal, we transfer it to the Ingham Circuit Court
pursuant to MCL 462.26(3). We otherwise decline to address the merits of any issues raised in
this appeal.
/s/ Alton T. Davis
/s/ Kirsten Frank Kelly
/s/ Patrick M. Meter
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