PEOPLE OF MI V DONALD SCOTT KNOWLES
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STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,
FOR PUBLICATION
March 25, 2003
9:15 a.m.
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v
No. 237245
Mason Circuit Court
LC No. 01-016790-FH
DONALD SCOTT KNOWLES,
Defendant-Appellant.
Updated Copy
May 23, 2003
Before: Schuette P.J. and Sawyer and Wilder, JJ
PER CURIAM.
Defendant Donald S. Knowles was convicted by a jury of uttering and publishing, MCL
750.249.1 He was sentenced as a fourth habitual offender, MCL 769.12, to a prison term of four
to twenty-five years. He appeals as of right. We affirm.
Amanda Schroeder testified that she "met" defendant while she was in the county jail for
drunken driving. Simply put, she explained that the bulk of their contact occurred through
writing notes to each other that were passed by trusties.2 She was released from jail before
defendant, but indicated that she remained in contact with defendant through letters and
telephone calls while he was still in jail. Schroeder testified that on December 28, 2000, which
was the date defendant was released from jail, she met him at a Knights Inn in Grand Rapids
where she paid for a room. Schroeder said that she and defendant went to the room where they
"had a couple drinks" and had sex and that, after that, defendant told her he was going to the
store, left the room, and did not come back. She testified that she spent New Year's Eve,
December 31, 2000, at defendant's house and stayed until "probably about four, five o'clock that
morning." She said she made defendant take her home because he was talking to "some girl" on
the telephone for three hours. Schroeder said that she had her checkbook with her at the hotel on
December 28 and when she was at defendant's house on December 31. However, she testified
that she never gave defendant a check and that she never gave him a loan or offered to give him a
1
The jury acquitted defendant of a charge of forgery.
2
It seems that Schroeder and defendant had little opportunity for direct contact while they were
in jail because of a general separation of male inmates from female inmates.
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loan. She also said that he never asked her for a loan. She further testified that she never gave
defendant permission to use her checkbook.
Schroeder testified that at the time she was at the hotel with defendant, she was in a
relationship with Francio Medina, whom she had been seeing "off and on" for nine years. She
said she shared some of the problems in that relationship with defendant. Schroeder testified that
the checking account she had belonged to her and Medina. She also testified that she was
informed that check number 540 from the checking account did not "clear," and that she looked
through her checkbook and saw that she "was only on like 536, 537." She indicated that the
check and carbon copy for number 540 were missing from her checkbook. Schroeder identified
People's Exhibit 5 as check number 540, which was written for $225, signed with her name, and
had written on it "loan." However, she said that she did not write any part of the check, and that
her name was spelled incorrectly in the signature.
Defendant's father, Donald Knowles, Sr., testified that he thought People's Exhibit 5 was
the check that he cashed for defendant. He indicated that defendant gave him the check and told
him that defendant could not cash it because defendant did not have a bank account. He said that
upon cashing the check in the amount of $225, he gave this sum to defendant. Defendant's father
said that defendant told him that Schroeder was going to lend him some money. He testified that
he repaid the credit union (where he cashed the check) the $225.
The vice-president of Safe Harbor Credit Union testified that defendant's father was an
account holder at the credit union, and that on January 2, 2001, he cashed a check. The credit
union's records reflected that this check was returned "marked NSF, nonsufficient funds."3 The
records also indicated that, on January 25 or 26, 2001, defendant's father repaid the credit union
the $225 that he was given when he cashed the check, which meant that the credit union was
without that money from January 2, 2001, until that repayment.
An accounting supervisor with Grand Rapids Consumer's Credit Union testified that its
records reflected that Medina and Schroeder had a joint account at the credit union and that
check number 540, in the amount of $225, was returned on January 3, 2001, because there were
insufficient funds in the account.
Detective Susan Randall testified that she interviewed defendant, who said that Schroeder
gave him the check at issue as a gift. When she asked him why the check had "loan" written on
it, he "just looked kind of dumbfounded." Schroeder indicated that she went to visit defendant in
jail in connection with the check that he took, and he told her "that he would explain everything
to me after everything is done and over with." She further testified about defendant writing
letters to her in February 2001 or later generally telling her that he loved her and that he was
"sorry" and suggesting that she drop the charges. She also indicated that defendant told her to
say that Medina told her that he would beat her up if she did not "blame it on [defendant]."
3
Defense counsel stipulated that the check was cashed by defendant's father at Safe Harbor
Credit Union.
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I. Uttering and Publishing
Defendant first argues that the evidence was insufficient to support his conviction of
uttering and publishing because there was insufficient evidence that defendant knew the check
was false or that he had the intent to defraud. We disagree. In reviewing whether there was
sufficient evidence to support a conviction, we view the evidence in a light most favorable to the
prosecution to decide whether any rational fact-finder could have found that the essential
elements of the crime were proven beyond a reasonable doubt. People v Hunter, 466 Mich 1, 6;
643 NW2d 218 (2002). The elements of uttering and publishing are: (1) defendant's knowledge
that the instrument was false, (2) an intent to defraud, and (3) presenting the forged instrument
for payment. People v Hawkins, 245 Mich App 439, 457; 628 NW2d 105 (2001). Notably, "a
defendant's intent can be proved by circumstantial evidence." Id. at 458. As set forth above,
defendant effectively acknowledged possession of the check at issue by claiming that it was a
gift from Schroeder. However, Schroeder testified that she never gave defendant a check.
Accordingly, accepting Schroeder's testimony on this point, the jury could reasonably have
concluded that it was clear beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant took the check at some
point during his encounters with Schroeder without her permission or knowledge, and was
involved in having the check made out as payable to himself. Thus, there was sufficient
evidence to show that defendant knew the instrument at issue (the check) was false. Defendant's
father indicated in his testimony that defendant asked him to cash the check for defendant and
that he did so. This was sufficient evidence that defendant acted with the intent to defraud either
Schroeder or Medina as the holders of the relevant checking account and that, using his father as
an intermediary, defendant presented the forged instrument for payment. Accordingly, we
conclude that there was sufficient evidence to support defendant's conviction.
II. Prosecutorial Misconduct
Defendant next argues that his conviction should be reversed on the basis that the
prosecutor engaged in multiple instances of misconduct. First, defendant asserts that the
prosecutor improperly remarked on his failure to testify in the course of making a hearsay
objection. Defendant also argues that the prosecutor improperly attempted to introduce evidence
of his prior bad acts when the prosecutor asked Detective Randall why a handwriting analysis
was not performed in this case, and the detective began to answer with a reference to "several
other instances." However, after the remark touching on defendant's right to testify and the
answer by the detective referencing "other instances," the trial court essentially asked defense
counsel if he planned to move for a mistrial. Defense counsel replied that he talked to defendant
and that defendant "indicated that he wants to continue this trial." Accordingly, we conclude that
defendant waived any right to a new trial based on prosecutorial misconduct that may have
occurred before defense counsel's indication that the trial should continue. See People v Carter,
462 Mich 206, 219; 612 NW2d 144 (2000) (holding that, where defense counsel "clearly
expressed satisfaction with the trial court's decision to refuse the jury's request and its subsequent
instruction," a claim of error with regard to those matters was waived). This waiver extinguished
any possible error in this regard. People v Riley, 465 Mich 442, 449; 636 NW2d 514 (2001).
Defendant also claims that the prosecutor improperly appealed to the jury for sympathy
for the complainant throughout the trial. A number of these incidents occurred before the above-
-3-
referenced statement by defense counsel to the trial court that defendant wished to continue with
trial. We conclude that any claim by defendant that he should be granted a new trial with regard
to those incidents was waived by his indication that he wished to continue with the trial. This
leaves for our consideration only certain remarks made by the prosecutor in closing and rebuttal
argument. Defendant did not object below to the argument in question; thus, appellate relief is
available only for plain error that resulted in the conviction of an actually innocent defendant or
that seriously affected the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings. People
v Carines, 460 Mich 750, 763-764; 597 NW2d 130 (1999). However, even if the propriety of
the argument in question had been preserved by objection below, we would find no basis for
relief.
Defendant refers to remarks by the prosecutor in closing argument reflecting Schroeder's
testimony that defendant left her at the motel and spent three hours on the telephone while she
was at defendant's home. However, in context, these remarks were part of an argument by the
prosecutor that it was implausible that Schroeder would have voluntarily given defendant the
check after he treated her badly. This was permissible argument from the evidence because "a
prosecutor is free to argue the evidence and all reasonable inferences from the evidence as it
relates to the prosecution's theory of the case." People v Fisher, 220 Mich App 133, 156; 559
NW2d 318 (1996). Defendant also refers to remarks by the prosecutor in rebuttal argument to
the effect that defendant may have relied on Schroeder not wanting her involvement with
defendant to come to Medina's attention in writing the check out to himself. Again, this was
rational argument from the evidence to explain why defendant might have felt that he could have
gotten away with making the check at issue payable to himself without Schroeder reporting him
for stealing the check. Defendant vaguely asserts that the prosecutor denied him a fair trial by
indicating throughout closing and rebuttal argument that defendant used, abused, and "dumped"
Schroeder and that she still loved him. We conclude that defendant has shown no error requiring
reversal. We note in particular that "[a] prosecutor's comments must be considered in light of
defense arguments." People v Messenger, 221 Mich App 171, 181; 561 NW2d 463 (1997). In
his closing argument, defense counsel referred to Schroeder having visited defendant in jail after
the incident underlying this case and asked rhetorically, "Does this sound like a woman to you
that is very upset about a check?" To the extent that the prosecutor remarked on Schroeder still
loving defendant despite the way he treated her, this was relevant to explain, in answer to
defense counsel's remarks, her continuing contact with him even though, in the prosecution's
view of the case, he stole a check from her.
III. Sentencing Guidelines
Finally, defendant argues that the trial court misscored offense variable (OV) 9 of the
sentencing guidelines at ten points for two victims. Defendant asserts that the court incorrectly
treated the credit union at which defendant's father cashed the check as a victim (in addition to
treating Schroeder as a victim).4 We disagree. As set forth above, the records of Safe Harbor
Credit Union reflected that, as a result of defendant's father cashing the check at issue, the credit
union paid out $225 and was without that money for a period. "MCL 777.39(2)(a) specifically
4
At some points, defendant refers to the credit union as a "bank" in his brief.
-4-
states that, in scoring the variable, the trial court must '[c]ount each person who was placed in
danger of injury or loss of life as a victim.'" People v Kimble, 252 Mich App 269, 274; 651
NW2d 798 (2002). Contrary to defendant's argument, the trial court properly treated the credit
union as a victim because it was placed in danger of, and in fact suffered, financial injury in
being wrongly deprived of $225 for a period as a direct result of defendant's crime. We note that
defendant states in his brief that there is no authority for separately assessing points for
"insurance carriers" and others "indirectly touched" by a crime. However, this contention is
wrong. While we assume for purposes of discussion that those who are only indirectly harmed
by a crime should not be considered victims for purposes of OV 9, the credit union was directly
harmed by the crime of which defendant was convicted in this case. As a direct result of
defendant's crime, the credit union wrongly paid $225 to defendant's father. This is not
analogous to, for example, a health insurer being indirectly harmed by paying for medical
treatment resulting from a physical attack on an assault victim. The credit union wrongly lost the
use of $225 for a period after paying it out. While it appears undisputed that defendant's father
repaid the credit union the $225, this does not change the fact that the credit union was a victim
because it wrongly lost the use of that money for a period. Thus, we affirm the trial court's
scoring of OV 9.
Affirmed.
/s/ Bill Schuette
/s/ David H. Sawyer
/s/ Kurtis T. Wilder
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