PEOPLE OF MI V DAMON BEUSCHLEIN
Annotate this Case
Download PDF
STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,
FOR PUBLICATION
May 11, 2001
9:15 a.m.
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v
No. 222317
Macomb Circuit Court
LC No. 99-000764-FH
DAMON BEUSCHLEIN,
Defendant-Appellant.
Updated Copy
July 6, 2001
Before: Saad, P.J., and Griffin and R. B. Burns*, JJ.
GRIFFIN, J.
Defendant appeals by leave granted an order denying his motion to suppress evidence
discovered in a search of his home without a warrant. We affirm. In doing so, we hold that the
entry and search without a warrant were reasonable under both the exigent circumstances and
emergency aid warrant exceptions.
I
Defendant is charged with possession with intent to deliver less than fifty grams of
cocaine, MCL 333.7401(2)(a)(iv), possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony,
MCL 750.227b, and domestic assault, MCL 750.81(2). In the trial court, defendant moved to
suppress evidence of cocaine and a firearm1 found in his home by police responding to a 911 call
regarding domestic violence at defendant's address.
The only witness to testify at the evidentiary hearing that was held regarding defendant's
motion was Officer John Dubois. Officer Dubois testified that he was dispatched in response to
an "open 9-1-1 call," in which the caller failed to hang up. According to the dispatch, there was a
1
Although defendant is charged with felony-firearm, no reference was made to the discovery of a
gun at the suppression hearing.
______________________________________
* Former Court of Appeals judge, sitting on the Court of Appeals by assignment.
-1-
domestic incident in progress, possibly involving guns and knives. When Officer Dubois arrived
with his partner, Officer Noble, he went to the front door of defendant's mobile home and
identified himself as a police officer. He knocked on the door, but no one answered. He then
attempted to gain entry into the house, but the door was locked. He explained that he could hear
"wrestling or moving around, a lot of shuffling around" inside the house. Approximately one or
two minutes after Officer Dubois' arrival, a woman he identified as "Ms. Collier" answered the
door. Officer Dubois ordered her to lie on the floor, and he and Officer Noble entered the home
with their guns drawn. The officers spotted defendant in the back bedroom of the mobile home
and ordered him to come out and lie on the hallway floor. Officer Dubois testified that he
handcuffed defendant "for our safety and everybody's safety in the home," because at that point
he still did not know how many people were in the house. The drugs were discovered "after
everything started settling down." Officer Dubois testified that both powder and crack cocaine
were discovered "in plain view" on the kitchen floor, front room, hallway, and on a tray in the
bedroom.
Significantly, Officer Dubois testified that although there was no immediate indication
that Ms. Collier was injured when she answered the door, he entered the home because he
believed, on the basis of the 911 open call, that "there was an obvious problem there that—that
people's lives could be in jeopardy or in trouble" and that he believed there was "danger . . .
inside the home." When he entered the residence, he "had no idea if they were injured or not."
He also opined that, in the context of a 911 domestic violence call involving weapons, he and his
partner were putting themselves at risk. Dubois testified that he did not know there was cocaine
in defendant's home before entering and had no reason to believe that evidence was being
destroyed or that a suspect would escape.
On the basis of the above evidence, the trial court found there were exigent circumstances
justifying police entry into defendant's home. The trial court ruled that Officer Dubois "believed
that [the 911 call] justified entry and exigent circumstances existed and I think they—they did in
his mind at the time, sufficient to permit the—the entry." The court further found that the
evidence was in plain view and therefore lawfully seized. Accordingly, the trial court denied
defendant's motion to suppress the evidence. Defendant now appeals from this evidentiary
ruling.
II
We review de novo a trial court's ultimate decision on a motion to suppress. People v
Echavarria, 233 Mich App 356, 366; 592 NW2d 737 (1999); People v Marsack, 231 Mich App
364, 372; 586 NW2d 234 (1998). However, the trial court's underlying findings of fact are
reviewed for clear error. Echavarria, supra at 366; People v Mendez, 225 Mich App 381, 382;
571 NW2d 528 (1997).
-2-
Both the United States and Michigan Constitutions guarantee the right against
unreasonable searches and seizures. US Const, Am IV, and Const 1963, art 1, § 11.2 The
lawfulness of a search or seizure depends on its reasonableness. Illinois v McArthur, 531 US
326; 121 S Ct 946; 148 L Ed 2d 838 (2001); People v Snider, 239 Mich App 393, 406; 608
NW2d 502 (2000). As a general rule, searches conducted without a warrant are per se
unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment unless the police conduct falls under one of the
established exceptions to the warrant requirement. People v Borchard-Ruhland, 460 Mich 278,
293-294; 597 NW2d 1 (1999); People v Davis, 442 Mich 1, 10; 497 NW2d 910 (1993); Snider,
supra at 407.
A
Relevant to the present appeal is the "exigent circumstances" exception, characterized by
our Supreme Court in In re Forfeiture of $176,598, 443 Mich 261, 271; 505 NW2d 201 (1993),
as follows:
Pursuant to the exigent circumstances exception, we hold that the police
may enter a dwelling without a warrant if the officers possess probable cause to
believe that a crime was recently committed on the premises, and probable cause
to believe that the premises contain evidence or perpetrators of the suspected
crime. The police must further establish the existence of an actual emergency on
the basis of specific and objective facts indicating that immediate action is
necessary to (1) prevent the imminent destruction of evidence, (2) protect the
police officers or others, or (3) prevent the escape of a suspect. If the police
discover evidence of a crime following the entry without a warrant, that evidence
may be admissible.
See also People v Cartwright, 454 Mich 550, 559; 563 NW2d 208 (1997); Davis, supra at 10;
Snider, supra at 408.
Thus, under the exigent circumstances exception, the elements of probable cause and
reasonableness must still be demonstrated. Cartwright, supra at 558; Davis, supra at 24.
Probable cause exists when the facts and circumstances known to the police officers at the time
of the search would lead a reasonably prudent person to believe that a crime has been or is being
committed and that evidence will be found in a particular place. People v Williams, 160 Mich
App 656, 660; 408 NW2d 415 (1987). See also Borchard-Ruhland, supra at 293-294; Davis,
supra at 10.
2
In regard to the present search and seizure that occurred inside the curtilage of a dwelling
house, absent compelling reasons, the Michigan and federal constitutional guarantees are
coextensive. Sitz v Dep’t of State Police, 443 Mich 744, 750-763; 506 NW2d 209 (1993). Cf.
People v Tejeda, 181 Mich App 450, 461-468; 449 NW2d 908 (1989) (Griffin, J., dissenting),
vacated 439 Mich 873 (1991), (On Remand) 192 Mich App 635; 481 NW2d 814 (1992).
-3-
In the instant case, defendant argues that the 911 call alone does not constitute an exigent
circumstance sufficient to justify an entry into his home without a warrant. Although there is a
dearth of authority from Michigan courts on this issue, two federal court decisions are pertinent
to our resolution of this question. In support of his argument, defendant relies on United States v
Meixner, 2000 WL 1597736 (ED Mich, 2000), in which the defendant's live-in girlfriend called
911 during an argument between the couple. She hung up the telephone without speaking, and
the defendant unplugged the telephone. The police responded to the defendant's residence and
knocked on the door. There was no sound coming from the home. The defendant answered, and
the officers could see that his girlfriend was uninjured but appeared to be crying and intoxicated.
The officers asked the defendant to let them in, and he belligerently refused. They then ordered
the defendant to stand outside the house, telling him that they would arrest him if he refused.
The defendant complied, and the officers entered the defendant's home. The defendant's
girlfriend at that time denied placing the 911 call. The officers, not accepting the representation
that there was no trouble at the residence, searched the house for weapons and for other persons
in need of aid and found firearms in the bedroom and closet. Subsequently, a warrant was
obtained and executed on the basis of the information gained in the entry into defendant's home,
and the firearms were seized. The Meixner Court held the entry into and search of the
defendant's home was unlawful, stating:
Although there does not appear to be a case decided in this circuit on the
question of whether a 911 call can provide a sufficient basis to find exigent
circumstances justifying a warrantless home entry, the issue has been addressed by
the Seventh Circuit in United States v Richardson, 208 F3d 626 (CA 7, 2000), on
which the Magistrate Judge in this case placed heavy reliance. In Richardson, the
Court concluded that the 911 emergency call in that case supported the
Milwaukee police officers' reasonable belief that someone inside a home was in
need of immediate assistance, and therefore exigent circumstances justified the
warrantless search of the premises. The Court noted that "911 calls reporting an
emergency can be enough to support warrantless searches under the exigent
circumstances exception, particularly where, as here, the caller identified himself."
Id. at 630. The 911 call in that case was placed by a man who identified himself
by name and reported that a man named "Lucky" had raped and murdered a
woman who could be found in the basement of the subject premises. Although
the Milwaukee Police Department had received a previous 911 call reporting a
murder at the same address one week earlier, the officers who responded to the
scene did not know about the prior, false alarm. When the officers arrived at the
scene, they saw the defendant in front of the house holding a dog on a chain. The
police officers called for others in the house to come out, and another male
complied with that command. The officers then searched the entire house and
observed drugs and drug-packaging paraphernalia, but found no injured person or
corpse.
In the case now before this Court, the 911 call conveyed no information.
It was a hang-up call. There was no conversation at all, much less a report of an
-4-
emergency. Certainly, the possibility of an emergency justified a limited response
by the police, consisting of a personal trip to the premises to investigate.
Likewise, the dispatcher's speculation that "possibly a domestic dispute" existed
warranted a further look. Upon arrival, however, more was required to support a
warrantless entry into the defendant's home.
* * *
Unlike the situation in Richardson, the 911 call in this case announced no
emergency. It was a hang-up call which at most gave rise to the possibility of an
emergency. When the officers arrived at the scene, they encountered denials from
the occupants of the residence that an emergency existed. Of course, the officers
were not obliged to take the word of the subjects that no mischief was afoot; yet
without some positive indication to the contrary—some objective manifestation of
the existence of an emergency situation demanding immediate action—the
officers were not justified in physically intruding into the sanctity of the home.
[Id. at *7-*9 (emphasis added).]
By contrast, in United States v Richardson, 208 F3d 626 (CA 7, 2000), the Seventh Circuit Court
of Appeals held that an entry without a warrant precipitated by a 911 call fell within the exigent
circumstances exception to the warrant requirement. The Richardson Court explained:
Pointing out the risk of fraud or, at the very least, unreliable and unproven
information from 911 callers, Richardson argues that a 911 call cannot by itself
justify a warrantless search or furnish a reasonable basis for an officer to believe
that someone inside the residence needs assistance. This line of argument goes
too far, however; it invites us to adopt a presumption under which a 911 call could
never support a finding of exigent circumstances. Many 911 calls are inspired by
true emergencies that require an immediate response. Those factors have led both
this court and others to conclude that 911 calls reporting an emergency can be
enough to support warrantless searches under the exigent circumstances
exception, particularly where, as here, the caller identified himself. See, e.g.,
United States v Cunningham, 133 F3d 1070, 1072-73 [(CA 8, 1998)], cert den
523 US 1131; 118 S Ct 1823; 140 L Ed 2d 960 (1998); [United States v] Salava,
978 F2d [320 (CA 7, 1992)] at 321, 324-325. A 911 call is one of the most
common—and universally recognized—means through which police and other
emergency personnel learn that there is someone in a dangerous situation who
urgently needs help. This fits neatly with a central purpose of the exigent
circumstances (or emergency) exception to the warrant requirement, namely, to
ensure that the police or other government agents are able to assist persons in
danger or otherwise in need of assistance. See United States v Moss, 963 F2d
673, 678 (CA 4, 1992); Wayne v United States, 318 F2d 205, 212 (CA DC, 1963)
(Burger, J.) ("The need to protect or preserve life or avoid serious injury is
justification for what would be otherwise illegal absent an exigency or
-5-
emergency."). The efficient and effective use of the emergency response networks
requires that the police (and other rescue agents) be able to respond to such calls
quickly and without unnecessary second-guessing. As then-Circuit Judge Burger
stated in Wayne, "[T]he business of policemen and firemen is to act, not to
speculate or meditate on whether the report is correct. People could well die in
emergencies if police tried to act with the calm deliberation associated with the
judicial process." 318 F2d at 212.
* * *
[I]t was objectively reasonable for the officers to conclude that the
situation presented exigent circumstances on these particular facts. This is not a
case where the report indicated that the body had been languishing in the house
for several days. Nor is it a case where other evidence might have made it clear
that the victim was indeed dead, and not hovering on the verge of death. A modus
operandi that is designed to save potential fatalities, where it is objectively
reasonable to think that this is possible, is permissible. We note in this connection
that Richardson did not introduce any evidence to rebut the officers' assertion that
this was their practice, nor did he challenge their empirical assumption that lay
witnesses were often wrong in their assumption that someone was beyond rescue.
Last, Richardson argues that to find exigent circumstances on these facts
would lead to abuse of the 911 system: people with a grudge would have an
incentive to make phony calls about their neighbors in order to allow the police to
enter and search their neighbors' property without a warrant. . . . While we do not
exclude the possibility of a case in which it would be objectively unreasonable for
a police officer to rely on a 911 call, because of additional information available
to the officer, this is not that case. It may even be possible, in those rare cases
where a false emergency call is made, that the "victim" (that is, the person whose
house is searched) might have a remedy against the caller. Whether or not this is
true, we have no evidence indicating that the 911 system is abused so often that it
is objectively unreasonable for the police to rely on a call like the one Carter made
here. We therefore agree that the district court correctly denied Richardson's
suppression motion because the warrantless search fell within the exigent
circumstances exception to the warrant requirement. [Richardson, supra at 629631.]
See also Cunningham, supra at 1072-1073; Salava, supra at 324-325.
In the present case, the circumstances are more closely analogous to Richardson than
Meixner, the determinative and differentiating factor being the amount of information available
to the police officers herein before their entry into defendant's mobile home. In Meixner, the
district court expressly noted that the 911 call conveyed no information. It was a hang-up call
with no conversation at all, much less a report of an emergency. In the instant case, on the other
-6-
hand, there was a 911 call reporting an incidence of domestic violence. The caller also indicated
that there were guns and knives on the premises. This information was conveyed to Officer
Dubois, who reached the address and, while waiting for someone to answer his repeated
knocking on the front door, heard noises inside that he characterized as "wrestling or moving
around, a lot of shuffling around." Given these circumstances, Officers Dubois and Noble were
justified in entering defendant's home without a warrant when Ms. Collier finally opened the
door. From an objective standpoint, the 911 call reporting a domestic disturbance, the possible
presence of weapons on the premises as reported by the caller, and the sounds of a scuffle within
the home were sufficient to lead a reasonably prudent person to believe that a crime was being
committed inside, that the mobile home may have been harboring an individual who posed a
threat to the officers or to another, and that entry was necessary to protect the officers' own safety
as well as the safety of someone inside. In re Forfeiture, supra at 261; Williams, supra at 660.
We therefore hold that the evidence of record—the 911 call in this case combined with Officer
Dubois' personal observations immediately before entry—provided specific and objective
evidence that immediate action was necessary to protect the police officers or others and justified
the officers' entry into defendant's home without a warrant pursuant to the exigent circumstances
exception.
B
Furthermore, even were we to assume arguendo there was an absence of probable cause
to believe that a crime was being committed, the officers' entry without a warrant would be
sanctioned under the emergency aid exception to the Fourth Amendment:
[W]e hold that police may enter a dwelling without a warrant when they
reasonably believe that a person within is in need of immediate aid. They must
possess specific and articulable facts that lead them to this conclusion. In
addition, the entry must be limited to the justification therefor, and the officer may
not do more than is reasonably necessary to determine whether a person is in need
of assistance, and to provide that assistance. [Davis, supra at 25-26.]
The police in this case had an unambiguous dispatch identifying defendant's home as the
scene of a serious domestic disturbance. In addition, although they did not see any physical
injury when Collier opened the door, they heard sounds of "wrestling" and had reason to believe
there may be a gun or knives on the premises. Under these circumstances, the police had
sufficient articulable facts on which to base their conclusion that someone inside defendant's
home needed immediate aid. Compare Davis, supra (911 call was ambiguous with regard to
location and identity of caller and the alleged emergency was insufficient to invoke the
emergency aid exception as justification for entry without a warrant into the motel room). For
these reasons, the trial court did not err in denying defendant's motion to suppress the evidence.
III
-7-
Next, defendant argues that the search without a warrant of his entire house incident to
his arrest violated his Fourth Amendment rights. Defendant contends the circumstances did not
justify a protective sweep because there was no indication in the dispatch or from the situation at
the home that there was a third party in his home. We disagree.
Having already established the legality of the officers' entry without a warrant into
defendant's mobile home, the ensuing protective sweep of the premises, after defendant was
handcuffed, was likewise permissible. The Fourth Amendment permits a properly limited
protective sweep in connection with an in-home arrest if the police reasonably believe that the
area in question harbors an individual who poses a danger to them or to others. Maryland v Buie,
494 US 325, 337; 110 S Ct 1093; 108 L Ed 2d 276 (1990); Cartwright, supra at 556-557; Snider,
supra at 411; People v Shaw, 188 Mich App 520, 524-525; 470 NW2d 90 (1991). "Such a
search is quick and limited, and conducted for the sole purpose of ensuring the safety of police
officers and other persons." Cartwright, supra at 557.
Viewed from the perspective of Officer Dubois, Cartwright, supra at 559, the protective
search of defendant's mobile home was reasonable under the circumstances. The officer testified
that when he arrived at the scene, he did not know whether additional people were present in the
residence. Although police intervention was in response to a domestic dispute and Ms. Collier
appeared to be uninjured, other persons or children could have been present in the home,
justifying at least a walk through the house to confirm that no one else was in danger.
Richardson, supra at 630; Cartwright, supra at 561-562; Snider, supra at 411; Shaw, supra at
524. Moreover, once in the mobile home, the officers observed the powder and crack cocaine in
plain view, and that evidence therefore could be properly seized. People v Champion, 452 Mich
92, 101-102; 549 NW2d 849 (1996); Shaw, supra at 524. Defendant's argument in this regard is
therefore without merit.
Affirmed.
/s/ Richard Allen Griffin
/s/ Henry William Saad
/s/ Robert B. Burns
-8-
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.