DANNY VEADE, HUSBAND OF/AND GWEN VEADE Vs. LOUISIANA CITIZENS PROPERTY CORPORATION D/B/A LOUISIANA CITIZENS COASTAL PLAN

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* NO. 2008-CA-0251 * COURT OF APPEAL * FOURTH CIRCUIT * DANNY VEADE, HUSBAND OF/AND GWEN VEADE STATE OF LOUISIANA VERSUS LOUISIANA CITIZENS PROPERTY CORPORATION D/B/A LOUISIANA CITIZENS COASTAL PLAN ******* APPEAL FROM CIVIL DISTRICT COURT, ORLEANS PARISH NO. 2006-6674, DIVISION “B-15” Honorable Rosemary Ledet, Judge ****** Judge Terri F. Love ****** (Court composed of Judge James F. McKay, III, Judge Terri F. Love, Judge Max N. Tobias, Jr., Judge Edwin A. Lombard, Judge Roland L. Belsome) BELSOME, J., DISSENTS IN PART John H. Denenea, Jr. Brian G. Shearman SHEARMAN-DENENEA, L.L.C. 4240 Canal Street New Orleans, LA 70119 AND Jack E. Morris JACK E. MORRIS, ATTORNEY AT LAW 4051 Veterans Memorial Boulevard Suite 208 Metairie, LA 70002 COUNSEL FOR DANNY VEADE, HUSBAND OF/AND GWEN VEADE Gregory J. McDonald Hugh Glenn BIENVENU, FOSTER, RYAN & O'BANNON, LLC 1010 Common Street Suite 2200 New Orleans, LA 701122401 COUNSEL FOR LOUISIANA CITIZENS PROPERTY INSURANCE CORPORATION AFFIRMED JUNE 4, 2008 Danny and Gwen Veade’s second home, located in the Lake Catherine area of New Orleans, was completely destroyed during Hurricane Katrina. Their insurer alleged that all of the damage was caused by water. However, the insurer tendered $43,687.70 for wind damage to the roof and other non-structural components. Danny and Gwen Veade filed suit. The trial court ordered the insurer to pay the policy limits, as well as imposed penalties and awarded general damages. We find that the trial court did not err in imposing liability on the insurer or imposing penalties and affirm. We also find that the trial court did not err in awarding damages for mental anguish and affirm. FACTUAL BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY On August 29, 2005, Danny (“Mr. Veade”) and Gwen (“Mrs. Veade”) Veade’s (collectively “Veades”) second home, located in the Lake Catherine area of New Orleans, was completely destroyed by Hurricane Katrina (“Katrina”). The Veades’ property was insured with a homeowner’s policy issued by the Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation (“LCPIC”) with a dwelling limit of $100,000 and a personal property limit of $5,000. On September 6, 2005, the Veades notified LCPIC of their loss. Their claim 1 was assigned to AIG Central Claims Services (“AIG”).1 David Black (“Mr. Black”) of AIG inspected the Veades’ property on October 19, 2005, and informed the Veades that the damage to the dwelling was $100,000 and damage to personal property was $23,816.15. Mrs. Veade made repeated telephone calls to LCPIC. Mr. Black advised that he had submitted the completed paperwork. The Veades were then denied,2 as LCPIC stated that the file was not complete and the claim was being reassigned. Frustrated with the process, Mrs. Veade stopped trying to contact the LCPIC and Mr. Veade began handling the claim. LCPIC’s claim file on the Veades’ contained an entry on December 23, 2005, that the previous report was not complete and the file was reassigned to Hammerman and Gainer International, Incorporated (“H&G”). Mr. Veade then filed a complaint with the Louisiana Department of Insurance (“LDOI”). LCPIC issued a response to the LDOI that the initial field adjuster never submitted a report. H&G issued a report, following inspection, that no damage from wind was present at the Veades’ property. The Veades then received a denial letter from LCPIC. In March 2006, LCPIC stated that they owed the Veades for the roof replacement and ordered H&G to prepare an estimate. H&G sent its second report to LCPIC in May, which estimated the cash value of “damage from roof down to ceiling drywall” at $43,134.69. Subsequently, LCPIC hired Rimkus Consulting Group, Incorporated of Louisiana (“Rimkus”), an engineering firm, to issue a report on the Veades’ property. The Rimkus report included estimated wind damage, minus the deductible, at $43,687.70. LCPIC did not tender any portion of 1 AIG was a claims handler working with the direct authority of the LCPIC. Mr. Veade testified that he received a denial letter as a result of Mr. Black’s inspection. However, he could not locate the letter and it was not contained in LCPIC’s claim file. 2 2 their policy limits. The Veades filed a petition for damages against LCPIC in July 2006, alleging that their property was destroyed due to high and/or tornadic winds, that LCPIC was arbitrary and capricious to refuse payment, and was acting in bad faith. The Veades also requested the payment of attorney fees. LCPIC filed an exception of lis pendens due to several pending Katrina related class certifications. The LCPIC then had the exception dismissed as moot because the Veades opted out of future class certifications. Then, in December 2006, LCPIC tendered a check for $43,687.70 to the Veades for wind damage assessed by Rimkus and H&G. The trial court ordered LCPIC to pay the Veades $105,000, the policy limits, minus the deductible, recovery depreciation, and/or the unconditional tender. The trial court also ordered LCPIC to pay attorney’s fees “as special damages pursuant to La.R.S. 22:1220, in an amount of 25% of the amount awarded to plaintiffs herein.” LCPIC was also assessed all costs and legal interest from the date of demand. Both parties filed motions for a partial new trial,3 which the trial court granted. The trial court amended its judgment to award the Veades $10,000 each for general damages and $10,000 in penalties pursuant to La. R.S. 22:1220(C). LCPIC filed a suspensive appeal and the Veades answered the appeal. CAUSATION Appellate courts review conclusions of the factfinder using the manifest error or clearly wrong standard. Rosell v. ESCO, 549 So. 2d 840, 844 (La. 1989). A two-prong test exists for overturning the factfinder's decisions, which includes: 1) finding the trial court's rulings have no reasonable factual basis and 2) the record 3 The motions for partial new trial filed by the Veades and LCPIC are not contained in the record. However, the record contains the judgment granting the motions, the transcript of the hearing, and the amended judgment. 3 indicates that the trial court's findings are wrong (manifestly erroneous). Mart v. Hill, 505 So. 2d 1120, 1127 (La. 1987). The appellate court must look for reasonable interpretations based on the record. Stobart v. State, Through Dept. of Transp. and Dev., 617 So. 2d 880, 882 (La. 1993). The trial court has the ability to better weigh witness credibility. Canter v. Koehring Co., 283 So. 2d 716, 724 (La. 1973). If “two permissible views of the evidence exist, the factfinder's choice between them cannot be manifestly erroneous or clearly wrong.” Stobart, 617 So. 2d at 883. LCPIC asserts that the trial court committed manifest error in finding that it had not met its burden of proof as to the cause of the Veades’ damages. LCPIC must prove that exclusions, such as waves and storm surge, caused most of the damage to the Veades’ property. La. R.S. 22:658.2. During the two-day trial, both Mr. and Mrs. Veade testified, as well as the Veades’ expert, and a corporate representative for LCPIC. Mr. Veade testified that the property was elevated nine and a half to nine and three-quarters feet above the ground. When he visited the property, only pilings remained. He further stated that he made a flood claim for the garage, steps, and patio that were located below the first level of the property. Leonard C. Quick (“Mr. Quick”), the Veades’ expert in civil engineering, forensic engineering, and storm damage analysis, testified that a tornado destroyed the Veades’ property. Mr. Quick conducted over 2,700 claims inspections after Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma and had also testified as an expert numerous times prior to Katrina. He stated that the “multi directional depositing” of the pier foundation members documented that the structure blew apart. He also testified that the anchor bolts were bent outward. He further stated that flood waters did not 4 reach the living floor of the property. Additionally, Mr. Quick stated that the Old Glory property near the Veades’ property was also damaged by winds. Mr. Quick testified that tornados create an extreme pressure differential and that high winds and/or a tornado arrived prior to the peak storm surge. Nash Roberts (“Mr. Roberts”), LCPIC’s expert in meteorology, testified that there was about a twelve-foot storm surge in Lake Catherine. He stated that nothing was present to block the storm surge or waves before striking the Veades’ property. Disagreeing with Mr. Quick, Mr. Roberts testified that the high water mark was between sixteen and seventeen feet with seven to eight foot seas. Mr. Roberts further stated that there was no meteorological evidence of tornados and that he does not think any tornados were formed. However, on cross-examination, Mr. Roberts testified that the high winds reached the Veades’ property prior to the waves and storm surge. William Worsham (“Mr. Worsham”), LCPIC’s expert in civil engineering with a sub-specialty in coastal engineering, stated that he had no insurance related experience prior to Katrina. Contrary to Mr. Quick’s testimony, Mr. Worsham testified that he did not see any evidence of tornadic activity in the Lake Catherine area and stated that Old Glory collapsed from below due to water. While he agreed with Mr. Quick’s conclusion that the Veades’ property was elevated about nine and a half feet above ground, he believed that the living area was impacted by waves. Mr. Worsham testified that he would not expect to see structural damage as a result of the winds exhibited in the Lake Catherine area. He concluded that there was ample water and waves to destroy the Veades’ property completely. However, damage to the shingles, siding, fascia, and other non-structural elements could have been caused by the wind. Mr. Worsham testified that there was no 5 reason to believe that the location of the piers indicated tornadic activity. On cross-examination, Mr. Worsham revealed that he did not inspect the property, but instead based his report from a view of the Veades’ property from the highway. He did not request or review information regarding the pre-Katrina condition of the Veades’ property. Further, Mr. Worsham stated, like Mr. Roberts, that the peak winds affected the Veades’ property prior to the peak storm surge. Mr. Worsham then stated that he was unsure whether the Veades’ property was completely knocked down after the peak winds. Lastly, he reiterated that the Veades’ property was destroyed progressively by water and waves instead of instantaneously by winds. The trial court has the ability to weigh witness credibility and credentials. Mr. Quick is an experienced forensic engineer who had conducted many Katrina related claim inspections. Mr. Worsham had never testified as an expert prior to the case sub judice and had no pre-Katrina insurance related experience. LCPIC contends that Mr. Quick’s testimony is unreliable because he used different data than that of Mr. Roberts. However, given the two opposing theories as to the destruction of the Veades’ property presented by the experts for the Veades and LCPIC, we do not find that the trial court committed manifest error in holding that LCPIC failed to carry its burden of proof that the Veades’ property was destroyed by storm surge and waves. We affirm the trial court’s award of the Veades’ policy limits. MENTAL ANGUISH LCPIC alleges that mental anguish damages are not recoverable under La. R.S. 22:1220 for a breach of contract claim. The trial court awarded Mr. and Mrs. Veade $10,000 each for general damages arising from mental anguish regarding 6 their delayed claim with LCPIC. As referenced above, La. R.S. 22:1220 states that an insurer that breaches the duty in the statute will be liable for “any damages sustained as a result of the breach.” Availability This Court held that damages can be recovered for mental anguish if an insurer breaches its duty of good faith. Orellana v. La. Citizens Prop. Ins. Corp., 07-1095, pp. 5-6 (La. App. 4 Cir. 12/5/07), 972 So. 2d 1252, 1256. However, La. C.C. art. 1998 provides that if the contract breached is not “intended to gratify a nonpencuniary interest,” damages for non-pecuniary losses “may be recovered . . . when the obligor intended, through his failure, to aggrieve the feelings of the obligee.” “Laws on the same subject matter must be interpreted in reference to each other.” La. C.C. art. 13. The payment of money is the object of an insurance contract. Bye v. Am. Income Life Ins. Co., 316 So. 2d 164 (La. App. 4th Cir. 1975). La. R.S. 22:1220 permits the award of damages; however, La. C.C. art. 1998 limits the remuneration to nonpecuniary losses as a result from contracts for nonpencuniary interests. Thus, in order to recover for mental anguish, there must be evidence of the breach by the insurer and the intent to aggrieve the plaintiff. The record in Orellana was devoid of evidence documenting the intent of LCPIC to aggrieve the plaintiff.4 Likewise, the proffered evidence in Sher v. Lafayette Ins. Co., 07-2441, 07-2443, p. 13 (La. 4/8/08), ___ So. 2d ___, ___, 2008 WL 928486, did not provide proof that the insurer intended to aggrieve the plaintiff. Therefore, mental anguish damages were not available. 4 The majority opinion in Orellana did not address LCPIC’s intent. However, Judge Love’s dissent addressed that the record did not contain evidence that demonstrated the intent to aggrieve Mr. Orellana. Orellana v. La. Citizens 7 However, in the case sub judice, the record contains evidence of LCPIC’s intent to distress the Veades. Patrick Elza (“Mr. Elza”), the corporate representative for LCPIC for the Veades’ claim, testified that the Veades’ property was classified as a total loss of $123,316.15 by Mr. Black. The Veades’ repeatedly contacted LCPIC, but were told that Mr. Black never submitted a report. Mr. Elza stated that LCPIC then believed that the report was incomplete because it did not contain a detailed description of the house that was once on the property and separation of wind versus flood damage. Instead of asking Mr. Black to complete the claim, LCPIC assigned the Veades’ claim to another adjuster, H&G, at a time when adjusters were difficult to obtain. Mr. Elza admitted that LCPIC misrepresented the status of the Veades’ claim because Mr. Black did in fact submit a report. However, the claim file states that “[t]he OIA5 did not write a report.” Mr. Veade filed a complaint with the LDOI. LCPIC also lied to LDOI by misrepresenting the status of the Veades’ claim because LCPIC told LDOI: “[t]he initial field adjuster never submitted a report after inspecting the insured’s property.” Mr. Veade testified that H&G would not return his calls after H&G informed him that it was waiting on LCPIC to tell them how to write up the Veades’ claim. LCPIC failed to pay the Veades for their undisputed losses for months after H&G and Rimkus finalized their reports. LCPIC was aware, according to the Veades’ claim file, that Mrs. Veade was in counseling as a result of attempting to settle the insurance matter with LCPIC. After Mrs. Veade became too frustrated and upset with the process, Mr. Veade began handling the claim. Additionally, Mrs. Veade testified that Mr. Veade had Prop. Ins. Corp., 07-1095, p. 6 (La. App. 4 Cir. 12/5/07), 972 So. 2d 1252, 1257 (Love, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part). 5 “OIA” refers to Mr. Black, the initial adjuster. 8 to talk to a friend, who is a stress therapist, as a result of LCPIC’s behavior. The record reveals the intent to delay payment of undisputed covered losses as well as disputed to the Veades and an attempt to decrease liability by hiring H&G as the second adjuster. Furthermore, LCPIC’s claim file also contained information regarding the Veades’ stress from the claim process. Given the facts contained in the record, we do not find that the trial court erred in determining that the Veades were entitled to general damages as a result of LCPIC’s bad faith behavior. Amount of General Damages The factfinder is granted wide latitude when awarding damages. Overton, 05-1001, p. 21, 937 So. 2d at 417. Damages awarded by the trial court are not altered unless an abuse of discretion is shown. Id. The Veades’ cross-appeal also seeks to increase the amount the trial court awarded for general damages, which was for mental anguish. The Veades’ live in Jefferson Parish, while the Lake Catherine property was a second home. Additionally, unlike Orellana, the Veades’ property was completely destroyed. They did not watch a structure crumble as a result of LCPIC’s actions. Accordingly, we do not find that the trial court abused its discretion in awarding the Veades $10,000 each for general damages. PENALTIES The trial court's legal findings are reviewed under the de novo standard. Overton v. Shell Oil Co., 05-1001, p. 8 (La. App. 4 Cir. 7/19/06), 937 So. 2d 404, 410. “A legal error occurs when a trial court applies the incorrect principles of law and such errors are prejudicial.” Banks v. New Orleans Police Dep't, 01-0859, p. 3 (La. App. 4 Cir. 9/25/02), 829 So. 2d 511, 514. 9 LCPIC avers that it is not subject to penalties pursuant to La. R.S. 22:1220. The trial court assessed a $10,000 penalty against LCPIC pursuant to La. R.S. 22:1220, which states, in pertinent part: A. An insurer, including but not limited to a foreign line and surplus line insurer, owes to his insured a duty of good faith and fair dealing. The insurer has an affirmative duty to adjust claims fairly and promptly and to make a reasonable effort to settle claims with the insured or the claimant, or both. Any insurer who breaches these duties shall be liable for any damages sustained as a result of the breach. B. Any one of the following acts, if knowingly committed or performed by an insurer, constitutes a breach of the insurer's duties imposed in Subsection A: (1) Misrepresenting pertinent facts or insurance policy provisions relating to any coverages at issue. ... (5) Failing to pay the amount of any claim due any person insured by the contract within sixty days after receipt of satisfactory proof of loss from the claimant when such failure is arbitrary, capricious, or without probable cause. ... C. In addition to any general or special damages to which a claimant is entitled for breach of the imposed duty, the claimant may be awarded penalties assessed against the insurer in an amount not to exceed two times the damages sustained or five thousand dollars, whichever is greater. Such penalties, if awarded, shall not be used by the insurer in computing either past or prospective loss experience for the purpose of setting rates or making rate filings. LCPIC states that it was granted limited immunity by La. R.S. 22:1430.5, which reads: A. There shall be no liability on the part of and no cause of action of any nature shall arise against the commissioner of insurance, or against the governing board of the Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation or anyone acting on behalf of the corporation or the plans, or against any servicing carrier or carriers, or against any assessable insurer, or against any participating insurance producer, or against the Department of Insurance or its representatives, for any 10 action taken by them in the performance of their duties or responsibilities under this Subpart. B. Such immunity from liability does not apply to: (1) Any of the persons or entities listed in Subsection A hereof for any willful tort or criminal act. (2) The corporation, or insurance producers placing business with one of the plans, for breach of any contract or agreement pertaining to insurance coverage. (3) The corporation with respect to issuance or payment of debt. (4) Any assessable insurer with respect to any action to enforce such insurer's obligations to the corporation under this Subpart. Immunity This Court has held that LCPIC is not immune from penalties pursuant to La. R.S. 22:658. Reed v. La. Citizens Prop. Ins. Corp., 07-1592, p. 2 (La. App. 4 Cir. 3/5/08), ___So. 2d ___, ___, 2008 WL 616065. In Orellana, this Court also found that LCPIC was subject to special damages in Orellana, 07-1095, p. 4, 972 So. 2d at 1256. Like this Court’s reasoning in Reed, we have found no wording or statute that specifically exempts LCPIC from penalties pursuant to La. R.S. 22:1220. However, as seen in the excerpt above, the Louisiana Insurance Guaranty Association Fund is specifically exempt. Therefore, we do not find that the trial court erred in finding that LCPIC is not immune from penalties. Amount of Penalties The Veades cross-appealed in an attempt to increase the amount of penalties. The trial court is awarded great discretion when determining the amount of special damages. Given the facts regarding LCPIC’s actions of bad faith and intent as discussed pertaining to mental anguish, we do not find that the trial court abused its discretion in awarding $10,000 in penalties and affirm. DECREE For the above mentioned reasons, we find that the trial court did not err in 11 holding that LCPIC failed to meet its burden of proof as to the causation of the Veades’ damages. LCPIC is not immune to penalties and the trial court did not abuse its discretion in awarding the penalties. Further, we find that mental anguish damages are available due to the intentional conduct of LCPIC. Lastly, we find that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in the amount of general damages and affirm. AFFIRMED 12

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