TOKICO (USA), INC. V. KRYSTAL KELLY; HONORABLE CHRIS DAVIS, ADMINISTRATIVE
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R1-,NDERED : APRIL 23, 2009
TO BE PUBLISHED
AS CORRECTED APRIL 29, 2009 ,
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2008-SC-000480--WC
ON APPEAL FROM COURT OF APPEALS
CASE NO . 2007-CA-002342-WC
WORKERS' COMPENSATION BOARD NO . 06-01277
V.
KRYSTAL KELLY; HONORABLE CHRIS
DAVIS, ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE; AND
WORKERS' COMPENSATION BOARD
APPELLEES
OPINION OF THE COURT
AFFIRMING
An Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) found that the claimant sustained a
39% combined permanent impairment rating for a work-related right arm
injury and resulting psychological condition . The Workers' Compensation
Board and the Court of Appeals affirmed. Appealing, the employer asserts that
the ALJ awarded benefits erroneously for a condition that was not diagnosed in
accordance with the Fifth Edition of the American Medical Association's Guides
to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (Guides), for deficits that were not
assessed in accordance with the Guides, and for an injury that had not
reached maximum medical improvement (MMI) . We affirm for the reasons
stated herein.
The claimant worked for the defendant-employer as a machine operator.
Her right hand slipped and hit the side of a machine as she attempted to pull
an improperly-placed bolt pin from a brake caliper assembly on February 11,
2004 . A sharp pain shot up into her arm immediately and caused her to
become nauseated. She stated that she informed a supervisor after her hand
became sore and swollen but completed her shift. She clocked out early the
following day due to intense pain and sought treatment in the emergency room.
Emergency room records indicate that the claimant presented on
February 12, 2004, complaining of right hand pain. A physician diagnosed
cellulitis after an x-ray revealed no evidence of a fracture, dislocation, or other
acute change . Dr. Saylor, the claimant's family physician, noted on February
13, 2004, that there was "no cut/no trauma" and diagnosed cellulitis . She
revised the diagnosis when a subsequent bone scan revealed findings
consistent with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), which is also known as
complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) . Like the emergency room records, her
notes fail to mention a work-related injury.
The claimant first saw Dr. Burgess in March 2004 . He received a history
of the work-related hand injury, diagnosed early dystrophy, and began to treat
her. Dr. Burgess diagnosed CRPS-1 in January 2005 . In June 2006 he found
the claimant to be at MMI although he thought that she would benefit from
continued treatment. He assigned an 11% permanent impairment rating based
on loss of range of motion and a 3% rating based on pain .
Dr. Lester also treated the claimant. He found her to be at MMI in April
2006 and assigned an 18% impairment : rating based on loss of grip strength .
Dr. Kriss evaluated the claimant in January 2007 . He concluded that
she had "an absolutely classic" case of Type 1 CRPS (CRPS-1) as confirmed by
the history of trauma and a delayed onset of persistent edema, skin color
changes, hyperpathia, allodynia, disuse atrophy, non-focal osteopenia.,
objective temperature changes, a dramatic and unequivocal response to
sympathetic blockade, plain film joint changes, increased uptake on bone scan,
partial response to steroids, and persistent and severe neuropathic pain that is
out of proportion to the trauma . Although he acknowledged that the claimant
met only seven of the eleven diagnostic criteria found in Table 16-16 of the
Guides rather than the required eight, he stated that he had no doubt she
suffered from "some definite form" of the condition .
Dr. Kriss assigned a 28% impairment rating using Table 16-10, which
rates sensory deficits or pain resulting from peripheral nerve disorders.
Explaining that the Guides instruct physicians rating CRPS-1 to combine the
ratings for neurologic deficit and loss ofjoint motion, he used the combined
values chart to combine the 28% rating with the 11% rating that Dr. Burgess
assigned . This yielded a 36% rating. Addressing causation, he noted that the
claimant had no signs or symptoms of CRPS before the incident at work and
that the mechanism of injury, immediate onset of symptoms, and development
of objective signs of CRPS were "quite typical" of the condition .
Dr. Burgess responded to the employer's questions in February 2007,
indicating that the claimant complained of right hand /arm pain consistently.
Although he rated her impairment based on range of motion, he did not think it
inappropriate to rate it based on grip strength . He indicated that at no time
during his treatment did the claimant meet the Guides' diagnostic criteria for
CRPS and that it was inappropriate to rate her impairment using Table 16-10 .
He also indicated that he did not measure range of motion in the left wrist.
In a March 2007 report to the employer's attorney, Dr. Lester stated that
he did not think impairment for CRPS-1 should be rated using Table 16-10
because the table relies on sensory deficits, which are "subjective ." Explaining
his rationale for rating loss of grip strength, he stated that he considered a
rating based on functional ability to be "objective or more reliable ."
The employer submitted an evaluation by Dr. Pursley. Taking issue with
Dr . Kriss, he stated that that the claimant had a history atypical for CRPS
because the earliest medical records failed to mention a work-related incident.
He stated that she did not meet the Guides' diagnostic criteria, had no specific
diagnosis for the cause of her wrist and hand complaints, and was not at MMI.
Dr. Pursley disagreed with the impairment rating that Dr. Lester assigned,
stating that the Guides do not permit loss of grip strength to be rated where
pain prevents valid strength testing. He also disagreed with the rating that Dr.
Burgess assigned because nothing indicated that he measured both upper
extremities or that he measured both active and passive range of motion.
After submitting Dr . Pursley's report, the employer deposed Dr. Kriss .
When asked whether he should have rated the claimant under Table 16- 10
because she did not meet the Guides' diagnostic criteria, he stated that he
exercised his clinical judgment and questioned the use of rigid criteria to
diagnose a condition that is poorly understood. He insisted that the claimant
had CRPS-1 or something very similar and that to rate her impairment another
way would be more inaccurate than rating her based on seven rather than
eight objective criteria . Questioned about the impairment rating that Dr.
Burgess assigned, Dr. Kriss emphasized that he was not an orthopedist. He
read aloud certain portions of the Guides regarding the measurement of upper
extremity range of motion at the prompting of counsel for the employer . He
acknowledged that range of motion measurement is unreliable when pain
fluctuates or measurements fluctuate among exams.
Addressing the psychological portion of the claim, Dr. Sprague testified
that the injury produced a 4% impairment rating based on a pain disorder and
an adjustment disorder with anxiety and depressed mood. Dr. Ruth attributed
a 2% impairment rating to depression due to pain and right hand limitations
but did not attribute it to an injury at work .
Relying on Drs . Kriss, Burgess, and Sprague, the ALJ determined
ultimately that the work-related injury caused CRPS in the claimant's right
hand as well as a psychological condition and that the conditions produced a
39% impairment rating. The ALJ noted specifically that Dr. Burgess stood by
his rating when questioned by the employer and that he "even tested the loss of
range of motion under anesthesia ." Having failed to convince the Board or the
Court of Appeals, the employer continues to assert that the medical evidence
supporting the decision did not conform to the Guides.
The employer asserts that the ALJ erred by relying on Dr. Kriss because
his diagnosis of CRPS and the impairment rating that he assigned to the
condition do not conform to the Guides . We disagree.
KRS 342 .730(1)(b) bases partial disability benefits on a permanent
impairment rating, which KRS 342 .0011(35) defines as being the "percentage of
whole-body impairment" that an injury causes "as determined by" the latest
edition of the Guides. Neither statute refers to a physician's diagnosis .
Chapter 1 of the Fifth Edition discusses the Guides' philosophy, purpose, and
appropriate use. Page 11 acknowledges that "some medical syndromes are
poorly understood," that physicians must use clinical judgment when assigning
impairment ratings, and that "clinical judgment, combining both the 'art' and
'science' of medicine, constitutes the essence of medical practice ." Diagnosing
what causes impairment and assigning an impairment rating are different
matters. Diagnostic criteria stated in the Guides clearly have relevance when
judging the credibility of a diagnosis, but Chapter 342 does not require a
diagnosis to conform to criteria listed in the Guides .
The employer relies on Jones v. Brasch-Berry General Contractors, 189
S .W.3d 149 (Ky. App. 2006), which concerned an ALJ's authority to rely on a
physician who conceded that a worker's back condition fell within a particular
impairment category but disagreed with the percentages called for in the
Guides . Jones is instructive though distinguishable . The present case
concerns an ALJ's authority to choose among the opinions of physicians who
diagnose a condition differently and who interpret the Guides differently when
rating impairment for the condition .
Although the proper diagnosis of a medical condition and the proper
interpretation of the Guides are medical questions,' an ALJ must decide the
legal significance of conflicting medical evidence. Dr . Kriss acknowledged that
the Guides required eight objective diagnostic criteria and that the claimant
met only seven, but he offered a reasonable explanation of his basis for the
diagnosis of some form of CRPS-1 . Although other physicians offered different
opinions, nothing in their testimony compelled the ALJ to reject his diagnosis .
Dr . Kriss indicated that he followed the method the Guides set forth to assign a
permanent impairment rating based on CRPS-1 . Although other physicians
differed regarding the proper method to rate the claimant's impairment, none
testified that he used an improper method to rate impairment from CRPS-1 .
The employer argues next that the ALJ erred by basing the award in part
on the impairment rating that Dr. Burgess assigned for loss of range of motion .
Asserting that Dr. Burgess failed to follow the Guides when evaluating loss of
range of motion to the right wrist, the employer relies on Dr. Pursley's
1 See Kentucky River Enterprises, Inc. v. Elkins, 107 S.W.3d 206 (Ky. 2003) .
7
testimony, on Dr. Burgess's admission that he failed to measure range of
motion in the left wrist, and on Dr. Kriss's deposition testimony. Despite the
employer's assertion, the ALJ determined reasonably that Dr. Burgess's
opinions were more credible than the conflicting evidence .
Dr. Burgess had treated the claimant for more than two years when he
found her to be at MMI. He stated that he used the Guides when assigning a
permanent impairment rating based on loss of range of motion and did not
alter his opinions when questioned by the employer . Although Dr. Kriss
answered the employer's questions about the rating that Dr. Burgess assigned,
at no time did he state that it should be excluded from the combined 36%
rating for CRPS-1 . Although Dr. Pursley took issue with several of Dr.
Burgess's medical opinions, his testimony and the other conflicting evidence
did not compel a different result.
The employer's final argument is that the ALJ erred by relying on Dr .
Sprague regarding the impairment rating for the psychological condition. The
employer asserts that the claimant had not reached MMI when Dr. Sprague
evaluated her in November 2006 because he stated that she had not received
treatment although her symptoms warranted it. Noting that the Guides direct
impairment to be rated at MMI, the employer argues that the evidence
compelled the ALJ to rely on Dr. Ruth because he evaluated her in February
2007, at which point her condition had improved with counseling and
medication . We disagree .
MMI refers to the time at which a worker's condition stabilizes so that
any impairment may reasonably be viewed as being permanent. 2 The need for
additional treatment does not preclude a finding that a worker is at MMI .3 Dr.
Sprague made the statement to which the employer refers, but he also noted
that the claimant was taking Cymbalta, a brand name of Duloxetine, which is
used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.4 Dr. Saylor's
records indicated that she had been taking the medication for more than a year
when Dr. Sprague evaluated her. Although she received additional treatment
after his evaluation, we are not convinced that the evidence compelled the ALJ
to determine that Dr. Sprague rated her impairment prematurely or that Dr.
Ruth's opinion was more credible.
The decision of the Court of Appeals is affirmed .
All sitting. All concur.
2 See Guides at 19.
3 W. L. Harper Construction Co., Inc. v. Baker , 858 S .W.2d 202, 204 (Ky. App . 1993) .
4 See, http ://www.nlm.nih .gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a604O3O .html (last
revised September 1, 2008).
COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT,
TOKICO (USA), INC . :
Jo Alice Van Nagell
Patrick Joseph Murphy, II
Casey, Bailey 8v Maines, PLLC
3151 Beaumont Centre Circle
Suite 200
Lexington, Ky 40513
COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE,
KRYSTAL KELLY:
Theresa C. Gilbert
Denney, Morgan, Rather 8. Gilbert
156 Market Street
Lexington, Ky 40507
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2008-SC-000480-WC
TOKICO (USA), INC.
V.
APPELLANT
ON APPEAL FROM COURT OF APPEALS
CASE NO . 2007-CA-002342-WC
WORKERS' COMPENSATION BOARD NO . 06-01277
KRYSTAL KELLY; HONORABLE CHRIS
DAVIS, ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE; AND
WORKERS' COMPENSATION BOARD
APPELLEES
ORDER
On the Court's own motion, pages 1 and 3 of the above-styled opinion
are hereby corrected to rectify a typographical error. A corrected copy of pages
1 and 3 is attached hereto .
ENTERED : APRIL 29, 2009.
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